The Second Great Awakening in the early 19th century led to numerous reforms as Christians sought to address societal issues. Key reforms discussed in the document include labor rights, temperance, prison reform, abolitionism, women's rights, and education. Religious revivalism inspired activists like Dorothea Dix and Horace Mann to champion causes like humane treatment of the mentally ill and public education for all. The reforms had lasting impacts and transformed many aspects of American society.