This presentation covers trends in antebellum life that gave way to some of the sectional tensions, between the North and the South, that will factor into the emergence of the American Civil War. It is the second in a series of textbook/lecture substitutes designed for students in a college seminar on the Civil War and Reconstruction.
This presentation covers trends in antebellum life that gave way to some of the sectional tensions, between the North and the South, that will factor into the emergence of the American Civil War. It is the second in a series of textbook/lecture substitutes designed for students in a college seminar on the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Unit VII Discussion Board Need answered tonightImmigrati.docxdickonsondorris
Unit VII Discussion Board
Need answered tonight
Immigration was a hot topic during this time period, and it remains a hot topic today. In what ways does immigration continue to shape our nation? Elaborate on your conclusions thoroughly
Question 1
Popular sovereignty held that __________ should make decisions concerning slavery.
the federal government.
the state governments.
the president.
abolitionist reform groups.
Question 2
The idea that the United States was certain to spread across North America led to rapid expansion of the country during the 1840s and was known as:
Manifest Destiny.
nullification.
progressivism.
muckraking.
Question 3
The Central Pacific Railroad was built primarily by cheap labor from:
China.
Germany.
Ireland.
Mexico.
Question 4
Riots occurred against Irish immigrants in many American cities from the 1830s to 1850s primarily because they:
were poor.
supported abolition.
were Catholic.
were amassing great wealth.
Question 5
The various routes by which slaves sought freedom were collectively called:
the Oregon Trail.
slave codes.
the Underground Railroad.
the Liberator.
Question 6
The overland trail from Independence, Missouri to New Mexico was called the:
Oregon Trail.
Alamo Trail.
Santa Fe Trail.
Alabama Trail.
Question 7
The federal government sponsored many exploratory expeditions in the 1800s. One such expedition mapped the trails from Oregon to California and was led by:
Zebulon Pike.
Lewis and Clarke.
John C. Fremont.
Stephen Long.
Question 8
During the 1840s and 1850s most immigrants came from:
Canada and Mexico.
Spain and Ireland.
Germany and Russia.
Ireland and Germany.
Question 9
Which of the following was a leading reformer in the asylum movement?
Sarah Grimke
Dorothea Dix
Horace Mann
Theodore Weld
Question 10
Which of the following constituted the most likely cause of death on the overland trails?
Disease
Suicide
Indian attack
Cannibalism
Question 11
Place the events provided in the correct chronological order.
The Mexican American War begins.
The infamous Battle of the Alamo occurs.
Texans begin a revolt against the Mexican government.
Texas is annexed to the US as a slave state.
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed.
Question 12
Using Oregon as a model, identify and thoroughly detail the three usual stages of frontier development.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Question 13
Compare and contrast four reform movements of the era: temperance, public education, asylums, and feminism. Be sure to note key details in each concerning the origins, important leaders, objectives, and accomplishments.
Your response should be at least 200 words in leng ...
Discuss in detail how two different Progressive reformers tackled th.pdfarchanaemporium
Discuss in detail how two different Progressive reformers tackled the social, political, or
economic problems they felt most threatened America’s democracy and social order. What was
their main object of reform? What actions did they take to implement that reform? How
successful were they in their work? (Be sure to place each Progressive reformer’s work in the
context of the industrial or urban problem with which he or she was most concerned, i.e.
discuss/describe in some detail the social ill the reformer hoped to change and then also discuss,
at length, the nature of that Progressive’s plan for reform).
Solution
Between 1890 and 1910 more than 12 million European people immigrated to the United states.
They came from Ireland,Russia,Italy and other European countries and provided cheap Factory
labour,
a demand that was created with the country\'s expansion into the west following the Civil War.
Many immigrants lived in Crowded and disease ridden tenments, Worked long Hours and lived
in Poverty.
Children often worked to help support the family.
Jacob riis wrote How the other Half lives about the lives of immigrants on NewYork City\'s
Lower East side to bring
greater awareness of the immigrant\'s living conditions.
The most famous settlement house in the United States in Chicago\'s Hull house founded by John
Addams and
Ellen gates starr in 1889 after Addams visited tonybee hall with in previous two years. Hull
house though was not
religious based organization. It focussed on providing Education and recretational fecilities for
European immigrant
woman and children.
Lenox Hill neighbourhood house founded in 1894 Friendly inn settlement house founded in 1874
Henry Street
settlement founded in 1893 Hirram house founded in 1896 and University settlement house
founded in 1886 and the
oldest in United States, were like Hull House important sites for social reform.
United neighbourhood houses of NewYork is the federation of 35 settlement houses in NewYork
city.
These and other settlement houses inspired the establishment of settlement schools to serve
isolated rural
communities in Appalachia.
By 1913 there were 413 settlements in 32 States. By the 1920\'s there were almost 500 settlement
houses in the
country. The Settlement house concept was continued by Dorodhy Day\'s Catholic worker
Hospitality houses in
1930\'s. American settlement houses functioned on philosophy of scientific philanthropy a belief
that instead of
giving direct relief, charities should give resources to the poor so they could break out of the
circle of poverty.
American Charity workers feared that the deeply entrenched social class system in Europe would
develop in United states..
The 2nd and 3rd lectures for 1st year's students of English are devoted to the history of immigration to the United States from the Pilgrim Fathers to most recent legislation on immigration
Chapter 12 ReflectionCharles Grandison Finney – an evangelistic .docxcravennichole326
Chapter 12 Reflection
Charles Grandison Finney – an evangelistic Presbyterian minister who became the most influential revival leader of the 1820s and 1830s.
Frederick Douglass – the greatest African American of all – and one of the most electrifying orators of his time, black or white – was Frederick Douglass. Born a slave in Maryland, Douglass escaped to Massachusetts in 1838, became an outspoken leader of anti-slavery sentiment. On his return to the United States in 1847, Douglass purchased his freedom from his Maryland owner and founded an antislavery newspaper, the North Star, in Rochester, New York. Douglass demanded for African Americans not only freedom but full social and economic social equality as well.
Henry David Thoreau – leading Concord transcendentalist. Thoreau went even further in repudiating the repressive forces of society. He produced the ideas that individuals should work for self-realization by resisting pressures to conform to society’s expectations and responding instead to their instincts. Thoreau’s own efforts to free himself – immortalized in is most famous book, Walden – led him to build a small cabin in the Concord woods on the edge of Walden Pond, where he lived alone for two years as simply as he could.
Horace Mann – the greatest of educational reformers was Horace Mann, the first secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, which was established in 1837. To Mann, education was the only way to “counterwork this tendency to the domination of capital and the servility of labor.” He reorganized the Massachusetts school system, lengthened the academic year (to six months, doubled teachers’ salaries, enriched the curriculum, and introduced new methods of professional training for teachers.
Joseph Smith - Mormonism began in upstate New York as a result of the efforts of Joseph Smith, a young, energetic, but economically unsuccessful man, who had spent most oh his twenty-four years moving restlessly through New England and the Northeast. In 1830, he published the Book of Mormon that told a story of an ancient and successful civilization in America, peopled by one of the lost tribes of Israel who had found their way to the New World centuries before Columbus.
Shakers – made a redefinition of traditional sexuality and gender roles central to their society and even embraced the idea of a God who was not clearly male or female.
Transcendentalism - idealistic philosophical and social movement that taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity.
Walt Whitman - the self-proclaimed poet of American democracy, was the son of a Lon Island carpenter and lived for many years roaming from place to place, doing odd jobs, while writing poetry. In his large body of poems, Whitman not only helped liberate verse from traditional, restrictive conventions but also helped express the soaring spirit of individualisms that characterized his age.
Ralph Waldo Emerson – a Unitarian minister in his youth, Emerson left the church i ...
What Should be the Christian View of Anime?Joe Muraguri
We will learn what Anime is and see what a Christian should consider before watching anime movies? We will also learn a little bit of Shintoism religion and hentai (the craze of internet pornography today).
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma Reflections for the PBHP DYC for the years 1993 – 2012. To motivate and inspire DYC members to keep on practicing the Dhamma and to do the meritorious deed of Dhammaduta work.
The texts are in English.
For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
The Chakra System in our body - A Portal to Interdimensional Consciousness.pptxBharat Technology
each chakra is studied in greater detail, several steps have been included to
strengthen your personal intention to open each chakra more fully. These are designed
to draw forth the highest benefit for your spiritual growth.
The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
Homily: The Solemnity of the Most Holy Trinity Sunday 2024.docxJames Knipper
Countless volumes have been written trying to explain the mystery of three persons in one true God, leaving us to resort to metaphors such as the three-leaf clover to try to comprehend the Divinity. Many of us grew up with the quintessential pyramidal Trinity structure of God at the top and Son and Spirit in opposite corners. But what if we looked at this ‘mystery’ from a different perspective? What if we shifted our language of God as a being towards the concept of God as love? What if we focused more on the relationship within the Trinity versus the persons of the Trinity? What if stopped looking at God as a noun…and instead considered God as a verb? Check it out…
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way.pptxCelso Napoleon
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way
SBs – Sunday Bible School
Adult Bible Lessons 2nd quarter 2024 CPAD
MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
Commentator: Pastor Osiel Gomes
Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
4. The Second Great
Awakening
1790s- Americans
took part in a
Christian renewal
called the Second
Great Awakening.
[New York through
the frontier:
Kentucky, Ohio,
Tennessee, & South
Carolina].
By 1820s/1830s- new
interest spread in
New England, the
Appalachians, and the
South.
5. Charles Grandison Finney-
1821 left law after a dramatic
religious conversion.
Challenged Protestant
beliefs
Stated each individual was
responsible for their own
salvation
Believed sin was avoidable
Many converted to
Christianity during these
revivals.
Told converts t0
demonstrate their faith
through good deeds.
6. Finney’s preaching angered some
1st Amendment guaranteed freedom of
religion & prevented local or state gov’s from
passing laws banning new religious practices.
Result =
Church membership across country
More women/African Americans involved
Renewed Americans’ religious faith
7. Revival How did the Second Great
Meetings Awakening affect Americans? [390]
Religious revivals swept
the United States in the
early 1800s. Some
meetings drew up to
20,000 people at a time
to huge outdoor camps.
James Finley, who later
became a Methodist
preacher, described one
revival as a “vast sea of
human beings [that]
seemed to be agitated
as if by a storm.”
Preachers traveled from
town to town, urging
sinners to seek
salvation.
8. transcendentalism
Idea that people could rise above the material things in life; philosophy
shared by some New England writers and thinkers in the mid-1800s.
9. Essay in 1841- “Self-
Reliance” stated that
people depend on too
much institution and
traditions.
Wanted people to
follow their own beliefs
and use their own
judgment
10. Fuller wrote Woman in
the Nineteenth Century
Wrote how women had
the right to choose their
own paths in life.
Some saw her as a
champion of women’s
rights
11. Believed in Self-Reliance
2 years lived alone in a
cabin in Mass.
“I went to the woods
because I wished to live
deliberately to front only
the essential facts of life,
and see if I could learn
what it had to teach, and
not, when I cam to die,
discover that I had not
lived.”
12. Utopian
Communities
How did transcendentalists
believe people should live? [p.393]
In the 1840s some
transcendentalists
formed a community at
Brook Farm,
Massachusetts. Brook
Farm did not last very
long, however. It was one
of many experiments with
utopian communities that
took place in America.
These communities tried
to form a perfect society
on Earth. Some
Americans founded
utopian communities as
places to practice their
religious beliefs.
13. Thomas Cole- Painter of American Landscapes
Nathaniel Hawthorne- author of the Scarlet Letter
14. Edgar
Allan Poe
“Once upon a midnight
dreary,1
while I pondered,2 weak and
weary,
Over many a quaint3 and
curious
volume of forgotten lore4 —
While I nodded, nearly
napping,
suddenly there came a
tapping,
As of some one gently
rapping,
rapping at my chamber
door—
‘‘Tis some visiter,’ I muttered,
‘tapping at my chamber
door—
Only this and nothing more.’”
15. Emily What was the romantic movement,
and who were some of the major
Dickinson American artists and writers of this
movement? [p.394]
Born in 1830, This is my letter to the
Emily Dickinson World
That never wrote to Me-
led a quiet life The simple News that
in Amherst, Nature told-
Massachusetts. With tender Majesty
Her Message is committed
To Hands, I cannot see-
For love of Her- Sweet-
countrymen
Judge tenderly- of Me.
18. <4mil. Immigrants U.S. b/w 1840-1860
Most from Europe
<3mil. Of these- German or Irish
Many fleeing economic or political troubles in
native countries
19. Mid-1840s potato blight,
disease causing rot- left
Ireland w/ little food.
“One business survives!
That fortunate business…
is the Irish coffin-maker”
Most immigrants settled in
Mass., NJ, NY, PA
Worked building canals,
RRs; women as domestic
servants.
Poor wages forced
immigrants to live in poor
housing.
20. 1848- Germans revolted
against harsh rule
Educated Germans can to
escape persecution or
economic reasons
While Irish were Catholic,
Germans were Protestant,
Catholic or Jews
Moved to Michigan, Ohio
& Wisconsin
Chicago Daily Tribune:
Germans: “fitted to do the
cheap… labor of the
country”
21. Industrialization + Immigrants = changed the
American labor force.
Chance of getting farmland in Midwest drew
many immigrants to this area.
Industrial jobs in N.E. drew immigrants to
cheap labor in many towns/cities
New jobs fueled local economies
New jobs: clerks, merchants, supervisors,
professional workers
22. Native-born citizens
feared losing their jobs
to immigrants who
might work for lower
wages.
Felt threatened by the
different cultures and
religions of immigrant
groups.
Before Catholics, many
Americans were
protestants
23. 1840s/1850s Nativists
became politically active
Main goal was to stir up
anti-immigrant feeling
“Look at the . . . thieves
and vagabonds
[tramps], roaming
about our streets . . .
monopolizing [taking]
the business which
properly belongs to our
own native and true-
born citizens.”
24. 1849 Political Party founded by Nativists
Named b/c when questioned replied “I know
nothing”
Wanted to keep Catholics/Immigrants out of
public office
Wanted immigrants to live in U.S. for >21 yrs
before they could be citizens
Some success, won state elections during
1850s
Controlled Mass. Legis. For a short time
25. How did the Industrial Revolution and the Transportation Revolution affect
life in American cities? [9.398]
26. Rise of industry &
growth of cities changed
American life.
Business owners or
skilled workers
benefitted most
New class grew, Middle
class- social/economic
level b/w wealthy & poor
Cities were
compact/crowded
Many walked to work
27. Cities in early & mid
1800s faced challenges
due to rapid growth
Crowded conditions
meant poor wage
workers meant people
lived by class
Lack of safe
housing/public services
Immigrants lived in
tenements
28. Did not have clean water,
public health regulations
or clean ways to get rid of
garbage/human waste
Diseases spread easily
1832-49- NYC- Cholera
killed thousands of people
Cities- criminal activities
NYC, Boston, Philly had no
permanent police force,
but volunteer ones
Fire protection meant
hands pumps and buckets
31. Dorothea “I come to present the strong claims of suffering humanity . . .
the miserable, the desolate [deserted], the outcast . . . to call
your attention to the present state of insane persons
Dix confined within this Commonwealth, in cages, closets,
cellars, stalls, pens! Chained, naked, beaten with rods, and
lashed into obedience.”
In 1841 Dorothea Dix
visited a jail in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, to teach a
Sunday school class. What
she saw there shocked her.
Mentally ill women were
jailed beside common
criminals in dirty cells. Dix
became angry at the
conditions she found there These cages were used to
and in other Massachusetts confine mentally ill
jails. As a result, she began people. Mentally ill
to work to improve the usually put in prisons with
care of mentally ill people criminals
across the country. She
joined many other women After Dix’s influence- more than 100
reformers in the early and state hospital were built where mentally
mid-1800s. ill received professional care.
32. Reform
Schools
Children who
committed crimes:
•Begging
•Stealing
Treated the same as
criminals.
Boston mayor Josiah
Quincy asked for
different punishments.
1820s founded reform
schools for children.
Lived under strict
rules, & received
vocational training.
33. Prison How did reformers try to change
Overcrowding prisons in the early 1800s? [p.401]
Reformers tried to
end over-crowding
in Prisons as well as
cruel punishments.
Efforts led to the
creation of houses
of correction.
Instead of only
punishment,
rehabilitation
through education
became the
preferred method.
34. • believed Americans were
drinking @ an alarming rate
• 1830s- avg. alcohol
consumption was 7gallons/yr
• alcohol caused social
problems:
• family violence
• Poverty
• Criminal behavior
• urged people to stop drinking
hard liquor &limit beer &wine
• People who drank were
“neglecting the education of
their families- and corrupting
their morals”
35. Temperance What were the goals of the
Movement temperance movement? [402]
[Lyman Beecher]
•Maine law
1846- illegal to
sell alcohol
•1855-dozen
states w/
similar laws
36. Earl 1800s- poor public education
Immigration reformers argued education
would help Americans become good workers
in citizens
Most believed this/but did not expect children
to receive a great deal of formal schools
Many children worked in factories or farms to
help support families
Parents wanted children to read the Bible,
write, and do simple math.
37. New England had the
most schoolhouses
South & West had the
fewest
Most teachers were
untrained young men
Taught before
becoming farmers or
practicing another
trade
38. Textbooks in mid-1800s-
McGuffey’s Readers put
together by William
McGuffey a Presbyterian
Minister.
Different backgrounds
received education
differently:
Rich- private schools; hired
tutors
Poor- only public school
Girls- could go, often kept
home- fewer girls learned
to read.
39. Common Why did Horace Mann want to
School improve schools, and what did he
Movement accomplish? [p.404]
•Wanted all children to be
educated in a common
ground
•1st Sec. of Edu. In Mass-1837
•Former lawyer/legis.
•Doubled state school
budget
•Helped teachers earn better
salaries
•Made school year longer
•Founded first teacher
training school
•Ideas spread to Latin
America and Europe
•Set standard for education
reform
40. 1800s Today
Draw a two column chart in your notebook
School Resources
with the headings 1800s and today. Complete
# of students per
it based on the following categories:
class
Students’ attitude
towards
education
Parents’ attitude:
Importance of
education to
employment
Class
organization
41. Pre-1820s few women could attend class
beyond grade school
Catharine Beecher, reformer of Women’s
edu. Early 1800s
Believed women were better at teaching
the moral lessons that made good citizens
Wrote several essays i.e.: On the Education of
Female Teachers
42. 1821- Troy, NY- Emma
Willard founded a
college-level institute
for Women
Troy Female Seminary
Studied diff. subj:
Ranging from Math to
Philosophy
B/w 1821-1872, <12,000
women attended
43. Mt. Holyoke in Mass Oberlin College, Ohio
Mary Lyon First co-educational
“I am doing a great college in U.S.
work, I cannot come
down”
44. “School was kept occasionally. It was regarded a great favor
to have it allowed at any time. Each pupil or scholar paid on
dollar per month. Often there was no school because there
was no teacher” –James Thomas, From Slavery to Freedom
45. Went to separate schools
than whites
NY African Free school,
NYC-1787 produced
notable scholars/leaders
Philly- 7 schools for black
students
1820- elem.
School/Boston
1855- allowed to go to
white schools
46. What educational challenges did
women and African Americans face in
the 1800s? [p.405]
Rarely attended college, Black Colleges:
only few institutions 1842- Institute for Colored
avail. For higher learning Youth
1835- Oberlin- 1st College 1849- Avery College in
for African Americans Philly
Later Harvard joined
South few able to attain
edu.
Laws prevented slaves
from receiving edu., due
to whites’ fears of
potential slave rebellions
47. Pg. 406- this typewriter produced raised dots representing the alphabet
created by Louis Braille for visually impaired people
48. Samuel Gridley Howe
worked w/ visually
impaired
Prison reform
Education reform
Care if mentally ill
1831- Perkins Institution
[Mass] for visually
impaired
Travelled to 17 other
states to talk about
teaching visually
impaired
Ran Perkins for 45 years
49. What kinds of schools were
founded for people with
disabilities? [406]
After Yale, Thomas Hopkins
Gallaudet Eur. 2yrs. Living
with hearing impaired
1817- 1st free American school for
hearing impaired- Hartford
Conn.
Principal till 1830
Prof. of Philosophy @ NYU
Called for special schools to train
teachers
Wrote textbooks for
children/people w/ hearing
impairments
Gallaudet University in Wash.
Named after him.
51. All students with brown eyes
will take a pop quiz today, while
the rest of the class will play a
game.
Write your feelings about this.
52. Abolition
•1830s Americans who had
been against slavery for
years began to take
organized action.
•formed a movement to
support abolition
•Some wanted
immediate emancipation.
53. Minority in U.S. but
very vocal
Different
backgrounds/diff.
reasons
Quakers [religious
grounds]
Ministers of 2nd Great
Awakening [morals]
Political theorists [ideals
of Declaration of
Independence]
54. Abolitionists disagreed
what ending slavery
would mean
Should be treated the
same as whites
Opposed full social and
political equality for
African Americans
Send African Americans
to Africa to prevent
racial conflict
55. American
Colonization
Society
•1817 founded by
Robert Finley
•5 yrs later-
founded colony of
Liberia on West
coast of Africa
•12,000 African
Americans settled
there
•Many who once
favored
colonization,
turned against
56. Speaking tours
Wrote newspaper articles/pamphlets
Poetry
Literature
William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator 1831
Founded the American Anti-Slavery Society
57. Stand your Liberator & Anti-Slavery
Society relied on support
ground! of Free African Americans
•Spread lit. thru-out N. &
Mid W.
•Petitions to Congress
•1840- split:
•Immediate freedom
for slaves
•Women should be =
to men in abolitionist
movement
•Other group: slower
emancipation/limited
role for women
58. Grimke How did the members of
the Anti-Slavery Society
Sisters fight slavery? [409]
2 southern women:
Angelina
Sarah
•Well know activists
•Family of S. Carolina slaveholders
•Moved to Philly.
•Wrote popular essay
•Became 1st women to speak before
Male/Female audience for Anti-
Slavery Society
American Slavery As it Is – most
important anti-slavery writing of the
time.
60. In 1845 Frederick Douglass published the first of three autobiographies
describing his life as a slave and his abolitionist efforts once he gained
his freedom. In the following excerpt he explains the purpose of his
autobiography.
Sincerely and earnestly hoping that this little
book may do something toward throwing light
on the American slave system, and hastening
the glad day of deliverance to the millions of my
brethren in bonds—faithfully relying on the
power of truth, love, and justice, for success in
my humble efforts—and solemnly pledging
myself anew to the sacred cause,—I subscribe
myself, Frederick Douglass.
61. “The blessings in which you, this
Frederick day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common…
Douglas This 4th of July is yours, not mine. You may
rejoice, I must mourn.”
•1841: Douglas began
giving regular lectures-
Speaking @ a 4th of
July Celebration in 1852
•Spoke in U.S./Eur.
•Published the North
Star
•Others included:
Sojourner Truth &
Charles Remond
62. 1830s- group helped slaves escape South
Free African Americans
Former Slaves
Few White Abolitionists
Arranged transportation/hiding for
fugitives/escaped slaves
Wore disguises @ night, followed N. Star
Hid in Attics, barns, other secret locations
63. How did Free African
Americans & former slaves try
to end slavery? [411]
Most famous/daring
conductor
Escaped in 1849
Returned to South 19x
Freed family and up to
300 slaves
Never lost a fugitive
Reward for Tubman @
$40,000
40,000 slaves used RR
1810-1850
65. Many white N. did not Fed. Gov. stood in way
believe in = treatment of Abolitionists
for Afr. Am. 1836-1844- U.S. HoR
Warned freed slaves used Gag Rule to
would move N. & take prevent discussion of
jobs 1000s of antislavery
Some joined violent petitions
mobs that attacked Violated 1st
Afr. Am & burned anti- Amendment
slavery lit.
66. Many thought slavery Some believed slavery
vital to economy & protected African
culture Americans
Believed outsiders had Virginia lawyer- George
no business interfering Fitzhugh: “freed slaves
After Turner’s Rebellion- would freeze or starve in
open talk of slavery north”
question disappeared in Racism, fear, and South’s
South economic dependence
made emancipation
unpopular in South
67. Northern Feared loss
of jobs
Believed slavery
Southern was central to
economy &
culture
69. Identify three famous women from
the 1900s or 2000s. Rank their
influence on culture.
70. Grimké Sisters &
Sojourner Truth were
Abolitionists turned
women’s rights
advocates [mid 1800s]
Felt they had to defend
rights in public
71. Critics believed
women should
not give public
Everyone is a Critic
speeches and
should stay in
traditional
female roles.
Critics: [some
members of]
1. Press
2. Clergy
3. Male
Abolitionists
72. Grimké sisters: women Sarah argued for equal
had a moral duty to lead educational
antislavery movement opportunities.
“I ask no favors for my Pointed out laws that
sex… All I ask our negatively affected
brethren is, that they women
will take their feet from Called for = rights/pay
off our necks, and
permit us to stand
upright on that ground
which God designed us
to occupy”
73. Why did some people oppose women’s
efforts in the abolitionist movement, and
how did this opposition affect the
women’s rights movement?
Sojourner Truth- spoke for “That man over there says
abolition & women’s rights that women need to be
6 ft. tall & confident helped into carriages and
1851- challenged audience lifted over ditches, and
members not to think of not to have the best place
women as the “weaker everywhere. Nobody ever
sex” helps me into carriages or
over mud puddles, or
gives me any best place…
Look at me! I have
ploughed and planted
and… no man could
[outwork] me. And ain’t I
a woman?”
74. Shortly after America Took adv. Of
Rev. publications for educational
W.R’s appeared opportunities
Did not become a Learned how to
national movement for organize more
yrs. effectively by working
Social changes like in reform groups
abolition movement Some men assisted in
led to the rise of women’s rights
women’s movement
75. Not having the right to
vote
Married women in many
states had little or no
control over their own
property
Claims that: Women “did
not have the physical or
mental strength to
survive w/out men’s
protection”
Most people believed
men should control her
property
76. Some women said they
were not unequal to
men, just different and
did not need new
rights.
Some critics believed
women should not try
to work for social
changes in public but in
their own homes.
79. 1840- attended World’s
Anti-Slavery Convention
in London while on
honeymoon
Had to watch separately
from husband
All women were hidden
from men’s view by a
curtain
William Lloyd Garrison in
protest, sat with them
80. This treatment Planned to “form a
angered Stanton and society to advance the
Lucretia Mott. rights of women”
“[they] resolved to 8 years passed
hold a conversation as announced: The
soon as we returned Seneca Falls
home” Convention
Stanton+Mott – 1st public meeting
“resolved to hold a about women’s rights
convention as soon as to be held in the U.S.
we returned home”
81.
82. Convention organizers
wrote based on
language of Dec. of
Ind.
Detailed beliefs about
social injustice towards
women
100 people signed
240 attended
Convention inc.
Frederick Douglas
84. Lucy Stone Susan B. Anthony
Powerful speaker Turned movement political
Anti-Slavery Society Single Woman, Supported Self
Argued for = pay
Allowed to go into law
Property Rights
1860- NYC gave women
ownership of wages/property
Soon trickled to N.E. and
Midwest
Editor's Notes
Translation: Other countries, other customs Meaning: Foreigners have different customs [which may be perfectly normal there] Similar: When in Rome, do as the Romans do.