Recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules formed by combining DNA from different sources. It is produced artificially by joining DNA from different organisms. The pioneers who developed recombinant DNA technology were Paul Berg, Herbert Boyer, and Stanley Cohen in the 1970s. The process involves using restriction enzymes to cut DNA fragments, which are then joined to vector DNA and inserted into host cells where they can be replicated. This allows scientists to modify genes and study their functions.
DNA Fingerprinting of plants . History,procedure of DNA fingerprinting, PCR and NON PCR technique like RAPD,SSR,RELPs, application of DNA fingerprinting, advantage and disadvantage of DNA fingerprinting.
This presentation is about DNA fingerprinting, a brief description is given about its principle, working, technique and its application with a example.
DNA Fingerprinting of plants . History,procedure of DNA fingerprinting, PCR and NON PCR technique like RAPD,SSR,RELPs, application of DNA fingerprinting, advantage and disadvantage of DNA fingerprinting.
This presentation is about DNA fingerprinting, a brief description is given about its principle, working, technique and its application with a example.
plant Biotechnology: The application of Plant Biotechnology by use of scientific method to manipulate living cells or organisms for practical uses (manipulation and transfer of genetic material).
This presentation include these contents:
What is PCR?
Applications of PCR
Advantages of PCR
Limitations of PCR
PCR vs Cloning
Restrictions of PCR
Things to try if PCR does not work..
Conclusion
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
These are bacterial enzymes used by scientists to cut DNA molecules at known locations. RFLPs (pronounced "rif lips") are used as markers on genetic maps. Typically, gel electrophoresis is used to visualize RFLPs.
Restriction mapping is a method used to map an unknown segment of DNA by breaking it into pieces and then identifying the locations of the breakpoints. This method relies upon the use of proteins called restriction enzymes, which can cut, or digest, DNA molecules at short, specific sequences called restriction sites.
It is a short and concise slide about DNA replication and Repair. It is prepared keeping in mind for Undergraduates level but PG also might find it handy.
As a periodontist, it is of utmost importance to understand the genetic basis of inheritance in periodontal diseases be able to relate to the various polymorphisms associated with periodontal diseases. This ppt presents the basics of genetics from the point of view of future understanding of polymorphisms related to periodontal diseases.
plant Biotechnology: The application of Plant Biotechnology by use of scientific method to manipulate living cells or organisms for practical uses (manipulation and transfer of genetic material).
This presentation include these contents:
What is PCR?
Applications of PCR
Advantages of PCR
Limitations of PCR
PCR vs Cloning
Restrictions of PCR
Things to try if PCR does not work..
Conclusion
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
These are bacterial enzymes used by scientists to cut DNA molecules at known locations. RFLPs (pronounced "rif lips") are used as markers on genetic maps. Typically, gel electrophoresis is used to visualize RFLPs.
Restriction mapping is a method used to map an unknown segment of DNA by breaking it into pieces and then identifying the locations of the breakpoints. This method relies upon the use of proteins called restriction enzymes, which can cut, or digest, DNA molecules at short, specific sequences called restriction sites.
It is a short and concise slide about DNA replication and Repair. It is prepared keeping in mind for Undergraduates level but PG also might find it handy.
As a periodontist, it is of utmost importance to understand the genetic basis of inheritance in periodontal diseases be able to relate to the various polymorphisms associated with periodontal diseases. This ppt presents the basics of genetics from the point of view of future understanding of polymorphisms related to periodontal diseases.
This is one of the major chapters for the examination NEET. A few questions are expected from this chapter and carry more weight as per the NEET syllabus.
Recombinant DNA Technology: A Tool for Genetic Engineering and Gene TherapyQuazi Istiaque Bari
Recombinant DNA technology is a technique that allows scientists to create new combinations of genetic material by inserting DNA fragments from different sources into a host organism. This can be useful for various purposes, such as studying genes, producing proteins, improving crops, and developing therapies. Recombinant DNA technology was first developed in the 1970s by researchers such as Paul Berg and Stanley Cohen.
The basic steps of recombinant DNA technology are:
- Isolation of the desired gene or DNA fragment from a donor organism using restriction enzymes, which cut DNA at specific sequences.
- Insertion of the gene or DNA fragment into a vector, which is a small DNA molecule that can replicate inside a host cell. Common vectors are plasmids, viruses, and yeast cells.
- Transformation or transfection of the vector into a host cell, which can be a bacterium, a yeast, or a mammalian cell. The host cell will then copy the vector along with the inserted gene or DNA fragment.
- Selection or screening of the host cells that contain the recombinant DNA, using methods such as antibiotic resistance, color change, or fluorescence.
- Expression of the gene or DNA fragment in the host cell, which may require additional modifications or inductions. The gene or DNA fragment may produce a protein, a RNA, or a trait that can be detected or harvested.
Recombinant DNA technology has many applications in biology, medicine, agriculture, and industry. Some examples are:
- Producing insulin, human growth hormone, vaccines, and other biopharmaceuticals using bacteria or mammalian cells.
- Creating transgenic animals or plants that have improved traits, such as disease resistance, growth rate, or nutritional value.
- Developing gene therapy, which involves introducing a normal or modified gene into a patient’s cells to treat a genetic disorder or disease.
- Studying gene function, regulation, and interaction using techniques such as gene knockout, gene knockin, or gene editing.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. Recombinant DNA
An artificially made DNA strand that is
formed by the combination of two or
more gene sequences.
This new combination may or may not
occur naturally, but is engineered
specifically for a purpose to be used in
one of the many applications of
recombinant DNA.
4. Background Information on DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
A double helix structure and contains a
combination of the nitrogen bases:
adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.
Instructional manual for how to build life
Found in chromosomes and contains gene.
5. RECOMBINANT DNA or
rDNA
Refers to a combination of DNA molecules that
are not found together in nature.
Is generally reserved for molecules produced
artificially by joining DNA obtained from
different biological sources.
7. PIONEERS IN RECOMBINANT DNA
The invention of recombinant DNA technology—
the way in which genetic material from one
organism is artificially introduced into the genome
of another organism and then replicated and
expressed by that other organism—was largely
the work of Paul Berg, Herbert W. Boyer, and
Stanley N. Cohen, although many other
scientists made important contributions to the
new technology as well.
8. RECOMBINANT DNA
TECHNOLOGY
The basic process of recombinant DNA technology
revolves around the activity of DNA in the synthesis of
protein.
Scientists can change the nature of the DNA and of the
gene make-up of an organism.
Uses methods derived from nucleic acid biochemistry,
coupled with genetic techniques.
9. METHODS OF rDNA
TECHNOLOGY
1.DNA to be cloned is purified from cells or tissues.
2.Proteins called restriction enzymes are used to generate
specific DNA fragments.
3.The fragments produced by restriction enzymes are
joined to other DNA molecules that serve as vectors, or
carrier molecules.
4.The rDNA molecule is transferred to a host cell. Within
the host cell, rDNA molecule replicates.
5.As host cells replicate, the rDNA molecules within them
are passed on to all their progeny.
10. Methods
6. The cloned DNA can be recovered from host cells,
purified, and analyzed.
7. The cloned DNA can then be transcribed, its mRNA
translated, and the encoded gene product isolated
and used for research or sold commercially.
11. RECOMBINANT DNA MOLECULES ARE
CONSTRUCTED USING SEVERAL
COMPONENTS
RESTRICTION ENZYMES- isolated from bacteria,
restrict or prevent viral infection in bacterial cells by
degrading the invading viral DNA.
Are endonucleases that recognize a specific nucleotide
sequence and cut both strands of the DNA within that
sequence.
Werner Arber, Hamilton Smith, and Daniel
Nathans- 1978 Noble Prize Winner in Physiology or
Medicine.
Escherichia coli and is designated EcoRI.
12. 1978 Nobel Prize Winner in Physiology or
Medicine
Werner Arber Daniel Nathans Hamilton Smith
13.
14. DNA LIGASE/SYNTHETASE
An enzyme that catalyzes the linking together of two
molecules usually using the energy derived from the
concurrent splitting of a pyrophosphate group from a
triphosphate(as ATP)
It plays a role in repairing single-strand breaks in
duplex DNA in living organisms.
15. VECTOR
Fragments of DNA produced by restriction enzyme
digestion cannot directly enter bacterial cells for
cloning. However, when a DNA fragment is joined
to a vector, it can gain entry to a host cell, where it
can be replicated or cloned into many copies.
Vectors are, in essence, carrier DNA molecules.
