this helps to understand the normal techniques related to biotechnology in a simple manner and provides you broad idea about the subject. A brief knowledge about the topic is presented in this presentation.
To modifying the structure of a specific gene.
Gene targeting vector introduced into the cell.
Vector modifies the normal chromosomal gene through homologous recombination.
Useful in treating some human genetic disorders – Hemophilia, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
Treating human diseases by genetic approaches – Gene Therapy.
Gene Therapy – Replacing the defective gene by normal copy of the gene.
Expressed sequence tag/EST is a short partial sequence, typically 200-400 bp long, of a complimentary DNA/Cdna.
EST is a short sub-sequence of a cDNA sequence.
Used to identify gene transcripts, and are instrumental in gene discovery and in gene-sequence determination.
Approximately 74.2 million ESTs are available in public databases.
EST results from one-short sequencing of a cloned cDNA.
Low-quality fragments.
Length is approximately 500 to 800 nucleotides.
This presentation gives brief introduction of Recombinant DNA technology. This presentation covers steps involved and tools of Rec DNA Technology. important applications are also explained in this presentation.
this helps to understand the normal techniques related to biotechnology in a simple manner and provides you broad idea about the subject. A brief knowledge about the topic is presented in this presentation.
To modifying the structure of a specific gene.
Gene targeting vector introduced into the cell.
Vector modifies the normal chromosomal gene through homologous recombination.
Useful in treating some human genetic disorders – Hemophilia, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
Treating human diseases by genetic approaches – Gene Therapy.
Gene Therapy – Replacing the defective gene by normal copy of the gene.
Expressed sequence tag/EST is a short partial sequence, typically 200-400 bp long, of a complimentary DNA/Cdna.
EST is a short sub-sequence of a cDNA sequence.
Used to identify gene transcripts, and are instrumental in gene discovery and in gene-sequence determination.
Approximately 74.2 million ESTs are available in public databases.
EST results from one-short sequencing of a cloned cDNA.
Low-quality fragments.
Length is approximately 500 to 800 nucleotides.
This presentation gives brief introduction of Recombinant DNA technology. This presentation covers steps involved and tools of Rec DNA Technology. important applications are also explained in this presentation.
Restriction Endonuclease: The Molecular Scissor of DNA - By RIKI NATHRIKI NATH
restriction enducleases are called the molecular scissors of DNA. types of restriction enzymes, their structures, subunits, most importantly the use of Type II restriction endonuclease in recombinant technology, mechanism of enzyme action and their applications.
This presentation gives an brief idea about the applications of genetic engineering which is of at most importance to humans. Provided along with this slide is an example which makes it easier to understand the concept.
Applications of rdna technology in medicinesAdarsh Patil
Applications of R-DNA Technology in medicines:
Introduction Steps involved in recombinant technology:
DNA fragments coding for proteins of interest are synthesized chemically or isolated from an organism.
These DNA fragments are inserted into an endonuclease cleavage site of the vector that does not inactivate any gene that is required for the vector’s maintenance and selective marker.
The recombinant DNA molecules are then introduced into a host to replicate using the replication origin of the vector.
This presentation is prepared to provide a general overview of Recombinant DNA technology.
The flow of the presentation is following manner.
Slide 1. Introduction
Slide 2. The basic principle of Recombinant DNA technology
Slide 3. Restriction endonucleases
Slide 4. Cloning
Slide 5. Vectors
Slide 6. Transformation
Slide 7. Screening of clones
Slide 8. Sequencing and polymerase chain reaction
Slide 9. Case Study: Disease identification and therapy discovery
Assignment on Recombinant DNA Technology and Gene TherapyDeepak Kumar
Assignment on Recombinant DNA Technology and Gene Therapy Basic principles of recombinant DNA technology-Restriction enzymes, various types of vectors, Applications of recombinant DNA technology. Gene therapy- Various types of gene transfer techniques, clinical applications and recent advances in gene therapy
Restriction Endonuclease: The Molecular Scissor of DNA - By RIKI NATHRIKI NATH
restriction enducleases are called the molecular scissors of DNA. types of restriction enzymes, their structures, subunits, most importantly the use of Type II restriction endonuclease in recombinant technology, mechanism of enzyme action and their applications.
This presentation gives an brief idea about the applications of genetic engineering which is of at most importance to humans. Provided along with this slide is an example which makes it easier to understand the concept.
Applications of rdna technology in medicinesAdarsh Patil
Applications of R-DNA Technology in medicines:
Introduction Steps involved in recombinant technology:
DNA fragments coding for proteins of interest are synthesized chemically or isolated from an organism.
These DNA fragments are inserted into an endonuclease cleavage site of the vector that does not inactivate any gene that is required for the vector’s maintenance and selective marker.
The recombinant DNA molecules are then introduced into a host to replicate using the replication origin of the vector.
This presentation is prepared to provide a general overview of Recombinant DNA technology.
The flow of the presentation is following manner.
Slide 1. Introduction
Slide 2. The basic principle of Recombinant DNA technology
Slide 3. Restriction endonucleases
Slide 4. Cloning
Slide 5. Vectors
Slide 6. Transformation
Slide 7. Screening of clones
Slide 8. Sequencing and polymerase chain reaction
Slide 9. Case Study: Disease identification and therapy discovery
Assignment on Recombinant DNA Technology and Gene TherapyDeepak Kumar
Assignment on Recombinant DNA Technology and Gene Therapy Basic principles of recombinant DNA technology-Restriction enzymes, various types of vectors, Applications of recombinant DNA technology. Gene therapy- Various types of gene transfer techniques, clinical applications and recent advances in gene therapy
This is one of the major chapters for the examination NEET. A few questions are expected from this chapter and carry more weight as per the NEET syllabus.
Respiratory stimulants: types, complete discussion on indications, contraindications, assessment, patient notes and examples of stimulants both central and respiratory
Expectorants and Antitussives: types, complete discussion on indications, contraindications, assessment, patient notes and examples of expectorants and antitussives
Complete pharmacology of Non steroidal Anti inflammatory Drugs, classification, Mechanism of action, Pharmacological actions, Indications, Contraindications, Adverse effects
Pharmacology laboratory experiment, both invivo and invitro includes interpolation, matching , bracketing, three point, four point bioassays with a note on hypoglycemic activity, acute skin irritation, acute eye irritaiton, pyrogen test, gastrointestinal motility test, physiological salt solutions
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
2. RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
DNA= Deoxyribu-Nucelic Acid
DNA is a very large molecule, made up of smaller units called
Nucleotides Each nucleotide has three parts: a sugar (ribose), a phosphate molecule, and a
nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous base is the part of the nucleotide that carries genetic
information The bases found in DNA are four: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine ( ATP,
CTP, GTP, and TTP)
Recombinant DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA technology procedures by which DNA from different species can
be isolated, cut and spliced together -- new "recombinant " molecules are then multiplied
in quantity in populations of rapidly dividing cells (e.g. bacteria, yeast).
In the early 1970s it became possible to isolate a specific piece of DNA out of the
millions of base pairs in a typical genome.
Recombinant DNA technology is based on a number of important things:
Bacteria contain extra chromosomal molecules of DNA called plasmids which are
circular.
Bacteria also produce enzymes calledrestriction endonucleases that cut DNA
molecules at specific places into many smaller fragments called restriction fragments.
There are many different kinds of restriction Endonucleases
Restriction Enzymes and plasmid
• Sticky end and blunt end are the two possible configurations resulting from the breaking of
double-stranded DNA
Restriction Enzymes and plasmid
When RES acts at the center of symmetry, two
complementary strands of DNA are of equal length,
hence forms the blunt end.
Some RES breaks the DNA on either side of center of
symmetry with the liberation of unequal
fragmentswhich are called as stick ends/ cohesive
ends.
Some RES breaks the DNA on either side of center of symmetry with the liberation of
unequal fragments which are called as stick ends/ cohesive ends.
3. Digestion of DNA by Eco RI to produce cohesive ends.
Restriction Enzymes and plasmid
Restriction Enzymes are primarily found in bacteria and are given abbreviations based
on genus and species of the bacteria.
One of the first restriction enzymes to be isolated was from EcoRI
EcoRI is so named because it was isolated from Escherichia coli strain called RY13.
WHAT IS GENE:
• A gene is a stretch of DNA that codes for a type of protein that
has a function in the organism. • It is a unit of heredity in a living
organism. All living things depend on genes • Genes hold the
information to build and maintain an organism's cells and pass
genetic traits to offspring.
BASIC STEPS IN GENE CLONING.
Step 1
A fragment of DNA, containing the gene to be cloned, is inserted
into a circular DNA molecule called a vector, to produce a chimera
or recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecule.
4. Step 2
The vector acts as a vehicle that transports the gene into a host cell, which is usually a bacterium
although other types of living cell can be used. This process is called transformation.
Step 3
Within the host cell the vector multiplies producing numerous identical copies not only of itself
but also of the gene that it carries.
Step 4
When the host cell divides, copies of rDNA
molecule are passed to the progeny and further
vector replication takes place.
Step 5
After large no: of cell divisions a colony or clone of
identical host cells is produced.
Each cell in the clone contains one or more copies
of the rDNA molecule
Step 6
Then, the host cells are then lysed and rDNA can be
separated.
5. APPLICATIONS OF RDNA TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE
Recombinant DNA technology had made it possible to treat different diseases by inserting new
genes in place of damaged and diseased genes in the human body.
1. INSULIN: -
Insulin is a hormone made up of protein. It is secreted in the pancreas by some
cells called as islet cells. If a person has decreased amount of insulin in his body,
he will suffer from a disease called diabetes. Recombinant DNA technology has
allowed the scientists to develop human insulin by using the bacteria as a host
cell and it is also available in the market. It is believed that the drugs produced
through microbes are safer.
2. VACCINES:
Recombinant DNA technology enables the scientists to develop vaccines by
cloning the gene used for protective antigen protein. Viral vaccines are most
commonly developed through this technology for example, Herpes, Influenza,
Hepatitis and Foot and Mouth Diseases
3. HUMAN GROWTH HORMONES: -
In recent years, scientists have developed many growth hormones using
recombinant DNA technology. The disease of dwarfism is treated with this
hormone.
4. INFECTIOUS DISEASES: -
Many diseases are diagnosed by conducting certain tests. Recombinant DNA
technology has allowed the development of many tests which are being used to
diagnose diseases like TB and cancer.In the diagnosis process, certain pathogens
are isolated and identified, and then diagnostic kits are produced when the
genome of the specific pathogen is known to kill it or block its pathogenic
activity.
5. PRODUCTION OF NOVEL PLANTS:
Rdna is used in distinguishing of novel agricultural plants which are high
yielding and pest resistant Cloning of genes from wild pest resistant varieties has
been used.
6. STRAIN IMPROVEMENT FOR FERMENTATION:
Rdna uses extensively for improvement of strains of microbes.