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Real time power system operationunder deregulated environmnt
- 1. 11 REAL TIME POWER SYSTEMREAL TIME POWER SYSTEM OPERATION UNDEROPERATION UNDER DEREGULATEDDEREGULATED ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT P.V.SATYARAMEShP.V.SATYARAMESh
- 2. 2 Evolution of Indian Grids Pre – Independence Period First Hydel Project (Darjeeling) – 1897 First Steam Plant (1000 KW) Calcutta – 1899 Survey of Hydro Power Potential – 1919-1921 Generation during World War – II – 1140 Generation at the time of Independence – 1349 MW
- 3. 3 Phenomenal expansion since Independence Generation : 1349 MW 162,058 MW (in 1947) (in 2010) Grid : Local grid – at the time of Independence. State Grids – emerged in 1960s. Regional Grids – in 1970s. Five Regional Grids – Northern, Western, Southern, Eastern & North-eastern National Grid – All Five Regions Interconnected (2002) Formation Of Central Grid by Synchronizing North Eastern - Eastern – Western Grids (2003) Indian Power Grid – its Evolution
- 4. 4 Peculiarities of Regional Grids in India SOUTHERN REGION WESTER NREGIO N EASTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION REGIONAL GRIDS Deficit Region Snow fed – run-of –the –river hydro Highly weather sensitive load Adverse weather conditions: Fog & Dust Storm Very low load High hydro potential Evacuation problems Industrial load and agricultural load Low load High coal reserves Pit head base load plants High load (40% agricultural load) Monsoon dependent hydro CHICKEN-NECK
- 5. 5 GRID OPERATION IN THE PAST(Grid Indiscipline ) LOW FREQUENCY PROBLEMS FREQUENCY REMAINED AT 48 HZ AND BELOW FOR MOST PART LOW VOLTAGE OPERATION VOLTAGE AT SOME SUB STATIONS DIPPED TO AS LOW AS 300 Kv!!!! FREQUENT GRID DISTURBANCES A DISTURBANCE ALMOST EVERY MONTH IMMENSE FINANCIAL LOSSES FOR INDUSTRY LOADS FREQUENTLY CUT OFF DUE TO RELAY OPERATION INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF ELECTRIC EQUIPMENTS INEFFICIENT UTILISATION OF PIT HEAD PLANTS GRID OPERATION FOCUSSED ON FIRE-FIGHTING RATHER THAN OPTIMISATION AND ECONOMY
- 6. 6 GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK BLACK-OUT VOLTAGE COLLAPSE IN-ECONOMIC OPERATION INSTABILITY POWER SWINGS INCREASED LOSSES
- 7. 7 AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF
- 8. 8 REAL TIME PRICING- NEW TARRIFF MECHANISMS ABT is Frequency Based Tariff Reactive power based w.r.t voltage tariff APTRANSCO
- 9. 9 REAL TIME PRICING- NEW TARRIFF MECHANISMS Components Proposed In The ABT 1) Capacity charges based on target availability - Full fixed charges at an availability of 80% in case of NTPC and 72% in case of NLC 2) Energy charges for the energy scheduled - Variable Cost 3) Unscheduled Interchange (UI) charge - 0-1000 according to variations in each time Block Ps/Unit. of 15 mts. Scheduled energy w.r.t. frequency (UI) 4) Reactive Power Pricing APTRANSCO
- 10. 10 REAL TIME PRICING-NEW TARRIFF MECHANISMS Energy Charges Energy Charges =Rate of Energy Charges x Schedule.Generation (Ex- Bus) UnScheduled Interchange (UI) Variation in actual Generation / Drawal and Scheduled Generation / Drawal shall accounted for through U.I UI for Generator = Actual Generation – Scheduled Generation UI for Beneficiaries=Total Actual drawal – Total Scheduled Drawal UI worked out for 15 minutes time block. Average Frequency of time block UI Rate (Paise per Kwh) Below 49.00 Hz 1000.00 Above 50.5 Hz 0.0 APTRANSCO
- 11. 11 REAL TIME PRICING-NEW TARRIFF MECHANISMS Pricing for Reactive Power All reactive power exchanges to be compensated to avoid ISTS lines carrying reactive power. Every Beneficiary Pays for VAR drawal when voltage at the metering point is below 97%. Gets paid for VAR return when voltage is below 97%. Gets paid for VAR drawal when voltage is above 103%. Pays for VAR return when voltage is above 103%. Need not pay for drawal of reactive power at the Generating Station Charge of 4 paise per KVARh was proposed Generator will not be compensated for reactive power generated. APTRANSCO
- 12. 12 Slope of 17 paise/kWh per 0.02 Hz Slope of 12 paise/kWh per 0.02 Hz
- 13. 13 Changing UI Rates 0 0 3 4.8 7.35 7.35 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 49 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9 50 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 Frequency (Hz) INR/kWh upto 31.03.2004 w.e.f. 01.04.2004 w.e.f. 01.10.2004 w.e.f. 01.04.2007 w.e.f. 07.01.2008 w.e.f 01.04.2009
- 15. 15 CustomerCustomer CustomerCustomer DistributionDistributionTransmissionTransmissionGenerationGeneration CustomerCustomer TRADERTRADER Debundling of Electricity by introducing IE ACT 2003 DISCOMDISCOM DISCOMDISCOMDISCOMDISCOM GENCOGENCO GENCOGENCO GENCOGENCO OPEN ACCESS : Distribution OPEN ACCESS : Transmission TRADERTRADER
- 16. 16 An Integrated Electricity Market AVILABILITY BASED TARIFF ENERGY SECURITY CONSTRAINTS OPEN ACESS •CAPACITY CHARGES • ENEGRY CHARGES • REACTIVE POWER CHARGES •UI CHARGES •CONTRAUAL OBLIGATIONS •Long-term capacity access charge (LCC) • Voltage,frequency,line capacity etc. VISULIZATION OF RESTRUCTURED COMPETITIVE ELECTRICITY MARKETVISULIZATION OF RESTRUCTURED COMPETITIVE ELECTRICITY MARKET
- 17. 17 Current Power Market Structure Indian Power Market Long Term Short Term PPA’s Bilateral 1 Direct 2 thru Trader Exchange UI 1.Day Ahead 2. Same day 3. FCFS 4. Upto 3 months 5. Banking Day Ahead 1. Intra day 2. DAC 3. Daily 4. Weekly 5. Monthly Real Time
- 18. 18 IEGC Feb.’2000 Ancillary Market 2010 ABT 2002-03AND UNIFIED SCADA SYSTEMS Open Access 2004 PX 2008 Capacity Market Evolution of Power Market in IndiaEvolution of Power Market in India
- 19. 19 Regional Electricity market In India Now it operates over the ISTS, is governed by the frequency linked operation and commercial settlement i.e through ABT and (UI) mechanism. The ABT mechanism has replaced the command and control system employed earlier with a contractual approach. The utilities have full freedom and choice to enter into long-term and short-term bilateral contracts. These contracts are incorporated in the daily interchange schedules issued by the RLDCs.
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