This document summarizes a seminar on reactive power compensation. It discusses the different types of power, including active power, reactive power, and apparent power. It explains that reactive power is needed by magnetic equipment like transformers and motors to produce magnetizing flux. The document outlines the need for reactive power compensation to improve power factor, reduce losses, increase capacity, and improve voltage regulation. It then describes different compensation techniques like shunt compensation using capacitors at the load, substation, or transmission level. The document also discusses synchronous condensers and power electronics devices like thyristor controlled reactors, static VAR compensators, and thyristor controlled series compensators for reactive power compensation.

1. A SEMINAR ON
REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
ASHUTOSH TRIPATHI
B.TECH 3RD YEAR
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SHRI RAM MURTI SMARAK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY (UNNAO)

2. OUTLINE
Introduction of power.
Type of Power.
Analogy of power.
Need for reactive power compensation.
Compensation techniques.
Compensation using with power electronics devices.
Conclusion.

3. POWER
Electrical power is the rate at which electrical
energy is transferred by an electrical circuit.
Generally electrical energy is produced at 11kV
with the help of synchronous generators.
Then it step up at the level 132kV,220kV,440kV
and 765kV and transmitted to the Grid.

4. 1) Active Power-kW is Working Power (also called Actual Power or Active
Power or Real Power). It is the power that actually powers the equipment
and performs useful work.
2)Reactive Power- kVAR is Reactive Power. It is the power that magnetic
equipment (transformer, motor, relay etc.) needs to produce the
magnetizing flux.
3) Apparent Power-kVA is Apparent Power. It is the “vectorial summation”
of KVAR and KW.
TYPES OF POWER

5. What's common for Beer Mug and Power Factor?

6. NEED FOR REACTIVE POWER
COMPENSATION
 Improves system power factor.
 Reduces network losses.
Reduces cost and generates higher revenue for the customer.
Increases system capacity and saves cost on new installations.
Improves voltage regulation in the network.
Increases power availability.
 Keep in mind that whenever energy is expended, you pay. It makes no
difference whether the energy is expended in the form of heat or
useful work.

7. THE NEED OF CAPACITOR
WE OPERATE ON ALL LOADS IN THE
NETWORK
Reactive Power
Compensation /Harmonic Filter
Reactive Power
Compensation /Harmonic Filter
Reactive Power
Compensation /Harmonic Filter

8. COMPENSATION

9. IMPLIMENTING THE COMPENSATION IN
THE NETWORK
M M M
M
*A
*B
*C
*D
Shunt compensation of reactive power can be employed either
at load level, substation level or at transmission level.
Compensation should be provided as close as possible to the
consumption point to avoid having to distribute this power in
the other part of network.
Location is primarily determined by the reason for
compensation.
*A : Direct Compensation
*B : Group Compensation
*C : Central Compensation at LV side
*D : Central Compensation at HV side

10. COMPENSATING WITH THE USE OF
SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSER
Synchronous generators can generate or absorb reactive
power depending on the excitation.
When overexcited they supply reactive power, and when
under excited they absorb reactive power.

11. COMPENSATION TECHNIQUE WITH
POWER ELECTRONICS DEVICE

12. The Thyristor-controlled Reactor (TCR)
Figure 2.1 Thyristor-based circuit
The configuration of a typical TCR is shown in the fig.The controller is an antiparallel
thyristor pair. Each of them conducts on alternate half cycles of the supply frequency.

13. The Static VAR Compensator (SVC)
SVC is the most popular FACTs devices in the recent years. It typically
consists of a TCR in parallel with a capacitor bank.

14. The Thyristor-controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)
Kinney et al. proposed the concept of the TCSC in 1994 . A TCSC is made up of a TCR
in parallel with a fixed capacitor. Compared to TCR and SVC, TCSC is a series
connected controller instead of a shunt-connected device

15. How reactive power is helpful to maintain a system healthy
NEED OF REACTIVE POWER

16. CONCLUSION
The main development trend of power devices has always been focusing
on increasing the power ratings while improving the overall device
performance in term of reduced losses, increasing robustness, better
controllability and reliable behavior under normal and faulty condition.
SVCs devices are used in Grid for voltage controllability and power
stability. The future scope of SVCs device will be very large.

17. Reference and bibliography
 “Reactive power compensation technologies’’ JUAN DIXON,
SENIOR MEMBER, IEEE.
 Power system stability and control by PRABHA KUNDUR.
 Need for reactive power compensation by ABB.
 www.electrical-engineering portal.com
 “Reactive power compensation based on FACTS devices”
presented by Xunchi Wu.
 Kinney, S.J., Mittelstadt, W.A., Suhrbier, R.W., 1995, Test Results
and Initial Operating Experience for the BPA 500kV Thyristor
Controlled Series Capacitor,in IEEE Technical Conference and
Workshops Northcon 95, Portland, Oregon, USA, Oct. 1995, New
York, pp. 268-273.

18. Queries