David Maidment & Richard Hooper @OECD - 21 Sept 2015 - Water Policy in the Ag...OECD Governance
Presentation of Dr. David Maidment [Hussein M. Alharthy Centennial Chair in Civil Engineering and Director of the Center for Research in Water Resources at the University of Texas at Austin] and Dr. Richard Hooper [President of the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc.] at the OECD event "Water Policy in the Age of Big Data on 21 September 2015.
Barbara Ryan @OECD - 21 Sept 2015 - Water Policy in the Age of Big DataOECD Governance
Presentation of Dr. Barbara Ryan [Secretariat Director of the Intergovernmental Group on Earth Observations] at the OECD event "Water Policy in the Age of Big Data on 21 September 2015.
Forecasting monthly water resources conditions by using different indicesAI Publications
Sharp changes in the SWSI are an obstacle for accurate estimation of this parameter. In addition, providing all of the information needed to determine the SWSI is not always possible. The SWE because of effective role in the calculation of the SWSI, it is a viable alternative to forecast instead the SWSI. The obtained results showed that the ARIMA model forecasted the SWE values for January to June successfully. Using these forecasted data and by non-linear regression can be estimated the SWSI values for all points of each basin except in cases that the amounts of SWSI and SWE are very low (drought conditions).
David Maidment & Richard Hooper @OECD - 21 Sept 2015 - Water Policy in the Ag...OECD Governance
Presentation of Dr. David Maidment [Hussein M. Alharthy Centennial Chair in Civil Engineering and Director of the Center for Research in Water Resources at the University of Texas at Austin] and Dr. Richard Hooper [President of the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc.] at the OECD event "Water Policy in the Age of Big Data on 21 September 2015.
Barbara Ryan @OECD - 21 Sept 2015 - Water Policy in the Age of Big DataOECD Governance
Presentation of Dr. Barbara Ryan [Secretariat Director of the Intergovernmental Group on Earth Observations] at the OECD event "Water Policy in the Age of Big Data on 21 September 2015.
Forecasting monthly water resources conditions by using different indicesAI Publications
Sharp changes in the SWSI are an obstacle for accurate estimation of this parameter. In addition, providing all of the information needed to determine the SWSI is not always possible. The SWE because of effective role in the calculation of the SWSI, it is a viable alternative to forecast instead the SWSI. The obtained results showed that the ARIMA model forecasted the SWE values for January to June successfully. Using these forecasted data and by non-linear regression can be estimated the SWSI values for all points of each basin except in cases that the amounts of SWSI and SWE are very low (drought conditions).
Dr Jerome O Connell - presentation made at various conferences throughout Europe as part of PhD which was funded by the EPA under the STRIVE Research Programme 2007-2013 (2007-PhD-ET-2)
This presentation by Justin Gibson, a PhD student at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, was presented at the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute’s Research Forum on Thursday, May 11, 2017. Justin is a 2016-2017 student support grantee of the Institute.
Presentation of Four Centennial-long Global Gridded Datasets of the Standardi...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— In this article four global gridded datasets of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) are presented. They are computed from four different data sources: UDEL/GEOG/CCR v3.02, GPCC/ v7.0, NOAA-CIRES 20CR v2c and ECMWF ERA-20C each covering more than a century-long period. The SPI is calculated for the most frequently used time windows of 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. UDEL/GEOG/CCR v3.02 and GPCC/ v7.0 are used in the highest native resolution of 0.5×0.5° whilst NOAA-CIRES 20CR v2c and ECMWF ERA-20C are interpolated at 1.5×1.5° and 0.5×0.5° correspondingly. In contrast to some other indices, for example the popular Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), SPI has significant advantages such as simplicity, suitability on variable time scales and robustness rooted in a solid theoretical development. SPI has been selected by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) as a key indicator for monitoring drought ('Lincoln declaration'). As a result, drought monitoring centres worldwide are effectively exploiting this index and the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) are encouraged to use it for monitoring meteorological droughts. These facts and the strong conviction of the authors that the free exchange of data and software services are а basis of effective scientific collaboration, are the main motivators to provide these datasets free of charge at ftp://xeo.cfd.meteo.bg/SPI/. The paper briefly presents some possible applications of the SPI data, revealing its suitability for various objective long-term drought studies at any geographical location.
This presentation by Tsz Him Lo, a PhD student at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, was presented at the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute’s Research Forum on Thursday, May 11, 2017. Tsz Him is a 2016-2017 student support grantee of the Institute.
This presentation by Mitch Maguire, a master's student at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, was presented at the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute’s Research Forum on Thursday, May 11, 2017. Mitch is a 2016-2017 student support grantee of the Institute.
This presentation by Sandeep Bhatti, a master's student at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, was presented at the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute’s Research Forum on Thursday, May 11, 2017. Sandeep is a 2016-2017 student support grantee of the Institute.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Evaluating Satellite Precipitation Error Propagation in Runoff Simulations of...Yiwen Mei
This study investigates the error characteristics of six quasi-global satellite precipitation products and associated error propagation in flow simulations for 16 mountainous basin scales (areas ranging from 255 to 6967 km2) and two different periods (May-Aug & Sep-Nov) in northeast Italy. The satellite products used in this study are 3B42-CCA, 3B42-V7, CMORPH and PERSIANN with their respect gauge-adjusted products. To evaluate the error propagation in flood simulations satellite precipitation datasets were used to force a gauge-calibrated hydrologic model to simulate runoff for the 16 basins, and comparing them to the gauge-driven simulated hydrographs for a range of moderate to high flood events spanning a nine-year period (2002 to 2009). Statistics describing the systematic and random error, the temporal similarity and error ratios between precipitation and runoff are presented.
Dr Jerome O Connell - presentation made at various conferences throughout Europe as part of PhD which was funded by the EPA under the STRIVE Research Programme 2007-2013 (2007-PhD-ET-2)
This presentation by Justin Gibson, a PhD student at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, was presented at the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute’s Research Forum on Thursday, May 11, 2017. Justin is a 2016-2017 student support grantee of the Institute.
Presentation of Four Centennial-long Global Gridded Datasets of the Standardi...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— In this article four global gridded datasets of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) are presented. They are computed from four different data sources: UDEL/GEOG/CCR v3.02, GPCC/ v7.0, NOAA-CIRES 20CR v2c and ECMWF ERA-20C each covering more than a century-long period. The SPI is calculated for the most frequently used time windows of 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. UDEL/GEOG/CCR v3.02 and GPCC/ v7.0 are used in the highest native resolution of 0.5×0.5° whilst NOAA-CIRES 20CR v2c and ECMWF ERA-20C are interpolated at 1.5×1.5° and 0.5×0.5° correspondingly. In contrast to some other indices, for example the popular Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), SPI has significant advantages such as simplicity, suitability on variable time scales and robustness rooted in a solid theoretical development. SPI has been selected by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) as a key indicator for monitoring drought ('Lincoln declaration'). As a result, drought monitoring centres worldwide are effectively exploiting this index and the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) are encouraged to use it for monitoring meteorological droughts. These facts and the strong conviction of the authors that the free exchange of data and software services are а basis of effective scientific collaboration, are the main motivators to provide these datasets free of charge at ftp://xeo.cfd.meteo.bg/SPI/. The paper briefly presents some possible applications of the SPI data, revealing its suitability for various objective long-term drought studies at any geographical location.
This presentation by Tsz Him Lo, a PhD student at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, was presented at the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute’s Research Forum on Thursday, May 11, 2017. Tsz Him is a 2016-2017 student support grantee of the Institute.
This presentation by Mitch Maguire, a master's student at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, was presented at the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute’s Research Forum on Thursday, May 11, 2017. Mitch is a 2016-2017 student support grantee of the Institute.
This presentation by Sandeep Bhatti, a master's student at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, was presented at the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute’s Research Forum on Thursday, May 11, 2017. Sandeep is a 2016-2017 student support grantee of the Institute.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Evaluating Satellite Precipitation Error Propagation in Runoff Simulations of...Yiwen Mei
This study investigates the error characteristics of six quasi-global satellite precipitation products and associated error propagation in flow simulations for 16 mountainous basin scales (areas ranging from 255 to 6967 km2) and two different periods (May-Aug & Sep-Nov) in northeast Italy. The satellite products used in this study are 3B42-CCA, 3B42-V7, CMORPH and PERSIANN with their respect gauge-adjusted products. To evaluate the error propagation in flood simulations satellite precipitation datasets were used to force a gauge-calibrated hydrologic model to simulate runoff for the 16 basins, and comparing them to the gauge-driven simulated hydrographs for a range of moderate to high flood events spanning a nine-year period (2002 to 2009). Statistics describing the systematic and random error, the temporal similarity and error ratios between precipitation and runoff are presented.
Generation of intensity_duration_frequency_curves_for manvi taluk raichur dis...Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez
The estimation of rainfall intensity is commonly required for the design of hydraulic and water resources engineering control structures. The intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationship is a mathematical relationship between the rainfall intensity, the duration and the return period. The present study aimed the derivation of IDF curves of Manvi Taluk of Raichur District using four Rain gauge Station with rain gauge stations with 19 years of rainfall data (1998 to 2016). The Normal Distribution, Log Normal Distribution, Gumbel distribution techniques are used to derived the rainfall intensity values of 2,5,10,15,30,60,120,720,1440 minutes of rainfall duration with different return period. The short duration IDF using daily rainfall data are presented, which is input for water resources projects.
This study aims to detect the trend in seasonal rainfall of four rainy months i.e. June, July, August and
September. To determine the trend of rainfall, non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and non-parametric Sen’s
Slope estimator for determination of magnitude of trend was used. Linear regression analysis, which is a useful
parametric model used to developed functional relationships between variables was also applied to determine
trend of rainfall for the study area. From all statistical test results it was indicated that there was some change in
the trend of rainfall of the rainy months
Analysis of rainfall intensity of kunigal taluk, tumkur district, karnataka u...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
An Attempt To Use Interpolation to Predict Rainfall Intensities tor Crash Ana...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This study uses different interpolation techniques to predict rainfall intensity at locationsthat are not directly located near a rainfall gauges. The goal of being able to interpolate the rainfall intensity is to study its impact on traffic crashes. To perform the study, a collection of rainfall gauges in Alabama were used as subject locations where rainfall intensity was predicted from surrounding gauges, while also providing validation data to compare the predictions. Essentially, the actual rainfall intensities at existing gauges were interpolated using nearby gauges and the results were analyzed.The interpolation techniques used in the study included proximal, averaging and a distance weighted average. The results of the study indicated that none of the interpolation methodologies were sufficient to accurately predict the rainfall intensity values any significant distance from the actual gauges.
As basic data, the reliability of precipitation data makes a significant impact on many results of environmental applications. In order to obtain spatially distributed precipitation data, measured points are interpolated. There are many spatial interpolation schemes, but none of them can perform best in all cases. So criteria of precision evaluation are established. This study aims to find an optimal interpolation scheme for rainfall in Ningxia. The study area is located in northwest China. Meteorological stations distribute at a low density here. Six interpolation methods have been tested after exploring data. Cross-validation was used as the criterion to evaluate the accuracy of various methods. The best results were obtained by cokriging with elevation as the second variable, while the inverse distance weighting (IDW) preform worst. Three types of model in cokriging were compared, and Gaussian model is the best.
The IDF Curves accessible are for the most part done by fitting arrangement of yearly greatest precipitation force to parametric dispersions. Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves represent the relationship between storm intensity, storm duration and return period. Environmental change is relied upon to intensify the boundaries in the atmosphere factors. Being prone to harsh climate impacts, it is very crucial to study extreme rainfall-induced flooding for short durations over regions that are rapidly growing. One way to approach the extremes is by the application of the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves. The annual maximum rainfall intensity (AMRI) characteristics are often used to construct these IDF curves that are being used in several infrastructure designs for urban areas. Thus, there is a necessity to obtain high temporal and spatial resolution rainfall information. Many urban areas of developing countries lack long records of short-duration rainfall. The shortest duration obtained is normally at a daily scale/24 h. Thus, it is very crucial to find a methodology to construct IDF curves for short-duration rainfall (sub-daily) for these urban areas. The fast extension of urban area that does not have adequate preparedness to cope with climate change is certainly a big risk to life and economy. The study region lies in Karnataka India. The sub-daily IDF curves for current and future climate for the region were constructed from 1 to 24 h based on the Normal Distribution approach. Rainfall data of 23 (Twenty three) hydrological years of all stations were used. Maximum rainfall frequency analysis was made by Normal Distribution method. Finally Equations were developed for different return periods.
Determination of homogenous regions in the Tensift basin (Morocco).IJERA Editor
The aim of this study is to determine homogenous region in the Tensift basin within which the hydrological behavior is similar. In order to do this we used two methods: The Principal components analysis on the monthly precipitation registered at the 23 rainfall stations. This resulted in setting apart 4 groups of stations. The second method is analysis of land use map, geological map, pedagogical map, vegetation map and slope map of the studied area. This method allowed us to delineate 4 homogenous areas. The two methods yielded complementary results and the superposition of groups and regions obtained allowed us to retain 4 homogenous regions corresponding to 3 groups of stations.
This presentation is the part of 12-day (28 January–8 February 2019) training workshop on “Multi-scale Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) from the Hindu Kush Himalayan Perspective” organized by the Strengthening Water Resources Management in Afghanistan (SWaRMA) Initiative of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and targeted at participants from Afghanistan.
Analyzing the rainfall and temperature influence on municipal water consumpti...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Hydrology means science of water.
It is the science that deals with the occurance, circulation and distribution of water on the earth.
Hydrology is a broad subject of an inter-disciplinary nature drawing support from allied sciences.
Item 9: Soil mapping to support sustainable agricultureExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Markus Anda (Indonesia)
Item 8: WRB, World Reference Base for Soil ResoucesExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Satira Udomsri (Thailand)
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Shree Prasad Vista (Nepal)
Item 6: International Center for Biosaline AgricultureExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
1. Rainfall Erosivity in China
Yun Xie1*, Shuiqing Yin1, Baoyuan Liu1, Wenbo Zhang1, Tianyu Yue1
1Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China,
baoyuan@bnu.edu.cn
Introduction
Rainfall erosivity, the product of the total
kinetic energy and maximum 30-min intensity
EI30, is one of two dimensional variables of the
USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation). It
requires high resolution rainfall data, which
are often unavailable. Many average annual
erosivity estimation equations using easily
available were developed. To predict precise
soil loss, both annual erosivity and its seasonal
distributions using ratio of half-month or
month erosivity to annual values are needed.
The objective of this study was to develop a
series of erosivity estimation equations in four
scales of event, daily, monthly, and yearly by
using different time resolution rainfall data,
and to assess their estimated accuracy
comparing to the one-minute resolution
rainfall data.
Methodology
• One-minute resolution rainfall data from
eighteen weather stations in years of 1961-
2000 was collected in China(Fig.1).
• Erosivity in four scales of event, daily, half-
month or month, and annual was calculated.
• Two types of estimators were chosen, one
was the combination of rainfall amount and
the maximum period rainfall amount, and
the other was only rainfall amount.
• All the estimators were calculated by using
corresponding time resolution rainfall data
for four scales, and were regressed to EI30
values by using one-minute resolution
rainfall data
Conclusions
• The results of this study provide a
multitude of options for dealing with the
problem of variations in available temporal
resolutions of rainfall data, and a series of
equations for estimating erosivity at event,
daily, monthly, and annual scales.
• To obtain more accurate erosivity, the finer
resolution rainfall data would be necessary.
• For the same resolution data, the maximum
period rainfall erosivity would improve the
predicting results comparing with only
using rainfall amount.
• Not coarser than daily rainfall data was
recommended for both average annual
erosivity and its seasonal distribution.
Results
Table 1: Regressive Models and their performances by using the symmetric
mean absolute percentage errors(MAPEsym) and the Nash-Sutcliffe model
efficiency coefficients (NE) (Yin et al. 2015; Xie et al. 2016)
Xie Y, Yin S, Liu B, Nearing MA, Zhao Y. 2016. Models for estimating
daily rainfall erosivity in China. Journal of Hydrology, 535: 547–558.
Time
Scales
Regressive Models
MAPEsym(%) NE
Event/
Daily
Month Annual
Event/
Daily
Month
Event
Revent = 0.1592 PeventI30 I30 < 15mm / h
Revent = 0.2394 PeventI30 I30 ≥ 15mm / h
13.9 11.0 4.7 0.97 0.99
Daily
Rday = 0.1661 Pday I10 day 38.1 20.4 11.7 0.90 0.96
Rday = 0.3488 Pday P60 day 38.4 15.5 5.9 0.93 0.98
Rday = 0.3846 Pday
1.7394
May−Sept.
Rday = 0.3156 Pday
1.7394
Oct.−Apr.
67.8 31.2 13.0 0.57 0.88
Monthly
Rave_month = 0.0755 Pave_month
1.8430 -- 41.5 29.4 -- -0.44
Rave_month =
0.0877 Pave_month P60 month_max
-- 22.9 16.0 -- 0.82
Rave_month =
0.0410 Pave_month P1440 month_max
-- 29.8 20.6 -- 0.72
Yearly
Rannual = 1.2718 Pannual
1.1801 -- --
25.6
-- --
Rannual = 0.0584 Pannual P60 year_max -- --
15.4
-- --
Rannual = 0.0492 Pannual P1440 annual
-- --
17.0
-- --
Fig. 1: Locations of the 18 stations with one-minute
resolution rainfall data. Eleven stations marked with
dots were used to calibrate models. The other seven
stations marked with triangles were used to validate
models.
References
Yin S, Xie Y, Liu B, Nearing MA. 2015. Rainfall erosivity estimation
based on rainfall data collected over a range of temporal resolutions.
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19: 4113–4126.
Revent, Rday, Rave_month, and Rannual, event, daily, average monthly, and average annual erosivity; Pevent, Pday, Pave_month, and Pannual, event, daily,
average monthly, and average annual precipition; I30 and (I10)day, maximum 30-min rainfall intensity of a rainfall event, and maximum 10-min
rainfall intensity of the daily rainfall; ; (P60)day, (P60)month_max, (P1440)month_max, (P60)year_max and (P1440)annual, maximum 60-min rainfall amount of the
daily rainfall, maximum 60-min and 1440 min rainfall amount of the monthly rainfall, maximum 60-min rainfall amount of the yearly rainfall, and
average maximum 1440-min rainfall amount of the yearly rainfall.