Sensor-Based Site-Specific Management of Irrigation and Fertilizer

This document summarizes a research project that aims to improve groundwater quantity and quality through sensor-based variable rate irrigation and concurrent management of irrigation and nitrogen. The research activities involve field experiments with different irrigation and nitrogen application methods using various sensors. Preliminary outcomes include engaging industry collaborations and contributing to publications and presentations. Next steps involve additional field experiments comparing sensors and evaluating variable rate fertigation and crop water use with nitrogen stress. The overall goal is to advance integrated irrigation and nutrient management and share knowledge through extension.

Education

Sensor-Based Site-Specific
Management of Irrigation
and Fertilizer
Tsz Him Lo, Daran Rudnick, and Tim Shaver
UNL West Central Research and Extension Center

Acknowledgments
• Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute
• Funding for a portion of this research was
provided by USDA to Project No. 2016-68007-
25066, through the National Institute for Food
and Agriculture’s Agriculture and Food
Research Initiative, Water for Agriculture
Challenge Area. Project website:
ogallalawater.org.
• UNL startup funding

Research Question and Objective
• How to use variable rate irrigation (VRI) and
concurrent management of irrigation and
nitrogen to improve groundwater quantity and
quality?
• Evaluate technical and economic performance
of sensor-based methods to manage irrigation
and nitrogen jointly and spatially under different
conditions and availabilities

Importance to WFI Mission
• Groundwater is one of Nebraska’s most
precious natural resources
• Storage of excess precipitation for future beneficial
use
• Drinking water supply
• Source of baseflow in streams for meeting legal,
wildlife, and recreation requirements
• Opportunities for regional and global
leadership in addressing declines in
groundwater quantity and quality

Research Activities:
1st Experiment
• Field near Brule, NE, with variable soils
• No, deficit, or full irrigation using center
pivot with sprinkler control capability
• Flat rate or sensor-based nitrogen
application using high-clearance
sprayer
• Focused on three types of sensors

Research Activities:
Soil Moisture
• Sensor responses across soil types
• Simplified sensor calibrations

Research Activities:
Thermal Infrared
• Stationary thermometers
• Handheld and aerial thermal
cameras

Research Activities:
Canopy Reflectance
• Active on-the-go system vs. passive aerial camera
• Choice of vegetation index and sufficiency
reference

Outcomes
• Laying key foundation
• Engaging in multiple industry collaborations
• Ag Valley Cooperative
• Frenchman Valley Cooperative
• AquaCheck USA
• Divirod
• John Deere
• Hortau
• AirScout
• Synergizing with USDA-funded fertigation and
SETMI/UAV projects at UNL

Outputs
• 2nd author of one manuscript in review
• 1st author of three extension oral presentations
(two invited) and 4th author of another
• 2nd author of two other oral presentations (one
invited international)
• 2nd author of 2017 WFI conference poster
presentation

Conclusion and Next Steps
• Advancing engineering of irrigation and nitrogen
management and disseminating this knowledge
• Supporting hands-on, diversified graduate
education at a research and extension center
• Field experiments planned at two sites
• sensor comparisons with different spatiotemporal
resolutions
• variable rate fertigation
• crop evapotranspiration with nitrogen deficiency
• Look forward to further partnership with WFI

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