This document contains a question bank with 62 questions related to the subject of Computer Oriented Statistical Methods. The questions cover various topics including numerical methods, interpolation, integration, solving differential equations, and error analysis. The questions vary in difficulty level from 2 to 7 and include calculating derivatives and integrals, fitting data to functions, and using numerical techniques like Newton-Raphson, Runge-Kutta, and Taylor Series. For each question, the document provides the difficulty level and the month/year the question was added.
This document contains 52 math and statistics problems assigned to students over three assignments. The problems cover topics like numerical methods, probability, interpolation, and integration. Students are asked to define terms, perform iterative calculations, derive formulas, prove statements, and evaluate integrals using techniques like the trapezoidal rule, Simpson's rule, and Newton's divided difference interpolation.
This document provides an overview of numerical linear algebra concepts including matrix notation, operations, and solving systems of linear equations using Gaussian elimination. It describes the Gaussian elimination process which involves eliminating variables one by one to obtain an upper triangular system that can then be solved using back substitution. The document notes some pitfalls of naive Gaussian elimination such as division by zero, round-off errors, ill-conditioned systems, and singular systems. It introduces pivoting as a technique to avoid division by zero during the elimination process and calculates the determinant as a byproduct of Gaussian elimination.
The document discusses LU decomposition and its applications in numerical linear algebra. It explains that LU decomposition decomposes a matrix A into lower and upper triangular matrices (L and U) such that A = LU. This decomposition allows the efficient solution of linear systems even when the right hand side vector changes. The document also discusses other related topics like matrix inverse, condition number, special matrices, and iterative refinement. It provides examples to illustrate LU decomposition and its use in calculating the inverse of a matrix.
This document discusses the bisection method for finding roots of equations. It begins by introducing the bisection method and explaining that it uses an initial interval that brackets a root to successively narrow down the interval containing the root. It then provides the steps of the bisection method algorithm. Finally, it includes an example of applying the bisection method to find the depth at which a floating ball is submerged. Over 10 iterations, the method converges on a root of 0.06252 within the specified error tolerance.
This document provides definitions and formulas for key concepts in descriptive statistics, probability, and common probability distributions including:
- Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, mode, variance, and standard deviation.
- Probability concepts such as probability, events, unions/intersections of events, and basic counting rules.
- Common probability distributions like the binomial, uniform, and normal distributions along with their expected values, variances, and probabilities. Formulas for transformations are also included.
The document is intended as a reference sheet for statistics concepts and calculations in a concise format.
This document discusses various interpolation methods:
- Newton's divided differences method uses finite differences to determine polynomial coefficients that fit scattered data points. Lagrange polynomials provide an alternative formulation.
- Spline interpolation smooths transitions by fitting different lower order polynomials to intervals between data points, maintaining continuity of derivatives at knots.
- Inverse interpolation finds the independent variable value corresponding to a given dependent variable value, using normal interpolation and root finding.
The document summarizes numerical methods for finding the roots of equations, including the Newton-Raphson method, secant method, false position method, and methods for handling repeated roots.
The Newton-Raphson method uses the tangent line to iteratively find better approximations to the root. It has quadratic convergence but may diverge for repeated roots. The secant method approximates the derivative using two points to overcome issues with the Newton-Raphson method. The false position method uses linear interpolation in each interval to home in on the root. For repeated roots, the modified Newton-Raphson method solves for the roots of a related function to ensure convergence.
A new implementation of k-MLE for mixture modelling of Wishart distributionsFrank Nielsen
This document discusses a new implementation of k-MLE for mixture modelling of Wishart distributions. It begins with an overview of the Wishart distribution and its properties as an exponential family. It then describes the original k-MLE algorithm and how it can be adapted for Wishart distributions by using Hartigan and Wang's strategy instead of Lloyd's strategy to avoid empty clusters. The document also discusses approaches for initializing the clusters, such as k-means++, and proposes a heuristic to determine the number of clusters on-the-fly rather than fixing k.
This document contains 52 math and statistics problems assigned to students over three assignments. The problems cover topics like numerical methods, probability, interpolation, and integration. Students are asked to define terms, perform iterative calculations, derive formulas, prove statements, and evaluate integrals using techniques like the trapezoidal rule, Simpson's rule, and Newton's divided difference interpolation.
This document provides an overview of numerical linear algebra concepts including matrix notation, operations, and solving systems of linear equations using Gaussian elimination. It describes the Gaussian elimination process which involves eliminating variables one by one to obtain an upper triangular system that can then be solved using back substitution. The document notes some pitfalls of naive Gaussian elimination such as division by zero, round-off errors, ill-conditioned systems, and singular systems. It introduces pivoting as a technique to avoid division by zero during the elimination process and calculates the determinant as a byproduct of Gaussian elimination.
The document discusses LU decomposition and its applications in numerical linear algebra. It explains that LU decomposition decomposes a matrix A into lower and upper triangular matrices (L and U) such that A = LU. This decomposition allows the efficient solution of linear systems even when the right hand side vector changes. The document also discusses other related topics like matrix inverse, condition number, special matrices, and iterative refinement. It provides examples to illustrate LU decomposition and its use in calculating the inverse of a matrix.
This document discusses the bisection method for finding roots of equations. It begins by introducing the bisection method and explaining that it uses an initial interval that brackets a root to successively narrow down the interval containing the root. It then provides the steps of the bisection method algorithm. Finally, it includes an example of applying the bisection method to find the depth at which a floating ball is submerged. Over 10 iterations, the method converges on a root of 0.06252 within the specified error tolerance.
This document provides definitions and formulas for key concepts in descriptive statistics, probability, and common probability distributions including:
- Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, mode, variance, and standard deviation.
- Probability concepts such as probability, events, unions/intersections of events, and basic counting rules.
- Common probability distributions like the binomial, uniform, and normal distributions along with their expected values, variances, and probabilities. Formulas for transformations are also included.
The document is intended as a reference sheet for statistics concepts and calculations in a concise format.
This document discusses various interpolation methods:
- Newton's divided differences method uses finite differences to determine polynomial coefficients that fit scattered data points. Lagrange polynomials provide an alternative formulation.
- Spline interpolation smooths transitions by fitting different lower order polynomials to intervals between data points, maintaining continuity of derivatives at knots.
- Inverse interpolation finds the independent variable value corresponding to a given dependent variable value, using normal interpolation and root finding.
The document summarizes numerical methods for finding the roots of equations, including the Newton-Raphson method, secant method, false position method, and methods for handling repeated roots.
The Newton-Raphson method uses the tangent line to iteratively find better approximations to the root. It has quadratic convergence but may diverge for repeated roots. The secant method approximates the derivative using two points to overcome issues with the Newton-Raphson method. The false position method uses linear interpolation in each interval to home in on the root. For repeated roots, the modified Newton-Raphson method solves for the roots of a related function to ensure convergence.
A new implementation of k-MLE for mixture modelling of Wishart distributionsFrank Nielsen
This document discusses a new implementation of k-MLE for mixture modelling of Wishart distributions. It begins with an overview of the Wishart distribution and its properties as an exponential family. It then describes the original k-MLE algorithm and how it can be adapted for Wishart distributions by using Hartigan and Wang's strategy instead of Lloyd's strategy to avoid empty clusters. The document also discusses approaches for initializing the clusters, such as k-means++, and proposes a heuristic to determine the number of clusters on-the-fly rather than fixing k.
- Müller's method and Bairstow's method are conventional methods for finding both real and complex roots of polynomials.
- Müller's method fits a parabola to three initial guesses to estimate roots, then iteratively refines the estimate.
- Bairstow's method divides the polynomial by a quadratic factor to estimate roots, then iteratively adjusts the factor's coefficients to minimize the remainder using a process similar to Newton-Raphson.
- Both methods can find all roots of a polynomial by sequentially applying the process after removing already located roots from the polynomial.
The document provides an introduction to various MATLAB fundamentals including:
- Modeling the problem of a falling object using differential equations and analytical/numerical solutions.
- Conservation laws that constrain numerical solutions.
- MATLAB commands for defining variables, arrays, matrices, and performing basic operations.
- Plotting the velocity-time solution and customizing graphs.
- Describing algorithms using flowcharts and pseudocode.
- Structured programming in MATLAB using scripts, functions, decisions, and loops.
The document discusses different methods for fitting equations to data, including interpolating polynomials, least squares fitting, and examples of non-polynomial forms. It provides sample MATLAB code for finding an interpolating polynomial that passes through every data point in a sample data set, as well as code for performing a cubic least squares fit. The document concludes by giving practice problems involving fitting equations to saturation property data for water.
The document discusses various numerical methods for finding roots of functions, including:
- Bracketing methods like bisection and false position that search between initial lower and upper bounds.
- Open methods like Newton-Raphson and secant that do not require bracketing but may not converge.
- Techniques for polynomials like Müller's and Bairstow's methods.
Examples demonstrate applying bisection, false position, and Newton-Raphson to find the mass in a falling object problem. The convergence properties and relative performance of the different methods are analyzed.
This chapter introduces exponential and logarithmic functions. Exponential functions take the form f(x) = bx and model continuous exponential growth or decay. Their inverse functions are logarithmic functions of the form x = logb y. Key points covered include:
- Exponential growth occurs when b > 1 and decay when 0 < b < 1.
- Logarithmic functions have a domain of positive real numbers and range of all real numbers. Their graphs are reflections of exponential graphs in the line y = x.
- Important properties are established, such as logb(bn) = n, logb1 = 0, and the relationship between exponential and logarithmic forms of an equation.
This document provides an overview of least-squares regression techniques including:
- Simple linear regression to fit a line to data
- Polynomial regression to fit higher order curves
- Multiple regression to fit surfaces using two or more variables
It discusses calculating regression coefficients, quantifying errors, and performing statistical analysis of the regression results including determining confidence intervals. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these techniques.
This document discusses various methods for polynomial interpolation of data points, including Newton's divided difference interpolating polynomials and Lagrange interpolation polynomials. It provides formulas and examples for linear, quadratic, and general polynomial interpolation using Newton's method. It also covers an example of using multiple linear regression with log-transformed data to develop a model relating fluid flow through a pipe to the pipe's diameter and slope.
I am Ronald G. I am a Statistics Assignment Expert at statisticshomeworkhelper.com. I have done Ph.D Statistics from New York University, USA. I have been helping students with their statistics assignments for the past 5 years. You can hire me for any of your statistics assignments.
Visit statisticshomeworkhelper.com or email info@statisticshomeworkhelper.com.
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with statistics.
This document discusses numerical methods for finding roots of equations, specifically the secant method and Regula Falsi method. The secant method uses two initial approximations to determine the secant line of the function, and finds subsequent approximations by setting this line equal to zero. The Regula Falsi method combines bisection and secant, using the secant formula but checking signs as in bisection to refine the interval. Both methods converge faster than bisection but can fail if starting points are poor, while Regula Falsi always converges since it keeps the solution bracketed. The document also notes that these derivative-free methods are useful when the function is defined by experiments rather than a formula.
The document provides information about the bisection method for finding roots of non-linear equations. It defines the bisection method, outlines its basis and key steps, and provides an example of using the method to find the depth at which a floating ball is submerged in water. Over 10 iterations, the bisection method converges on an estimated root of 0.06241 for the example equation, with 2 significant digits found to be correct after the final iteration. The document also discusses an application of using the bisection method to find resistance of a thermistor at a given temperature.
This document provides an overview of the topics covered in the Numerical Methods course CISE-301. It discusses:
- Numerical methods as algorithms used to obtain numerical solutions to mathematical problems when analytical solutions do not exist or are difficult to obtain.
- Specific topics that will be covered, including solution of nonlinear equations, linear equations, curve fitting, interpolation, numerical integration, differentiation, and ordinary and partial differential equations.
- An introduction to Taylor series and how they can be used to approximate functions, along with examples of Maclaurin series expansions.
- How numerical representations of real numbers like floating point can lead to rounding errors, and the concepts of accuracy and precision in numerical calculations.
This document discusses Joseph-Louis Lagrange and interpolation. It provides:
1) A brief biography of Joseph-Louis Lagrange, an Italian mathematician who made significant contributions to calculus and probability.
2) A definition of interpolation as producing a function that matches given data points exactly and can be used to approximate values between points.
3) An explanation of Lagrange's interpolation formula for finding a polynomial that fits a set of data points, including an example of applying the formula.
This document discusses the bracketing method for finding the roots of equations. It begins by introducing bracketing methods and noting that they require initial guesses that bracket a root. It then provides an example of using a graphical method to find the root of an equation by plotting the function and observing where it crosses the x-axis. Finally, it describes the bisection method in more detail, noting that it iteratively narrows the range containing the root until the desired accuracy is reached.
This document presents methods for solving single non-linear equations and systems of non-linear equations numerically. It describes the Newton-Raphson and secant methods. The Newton-Raphson method uses iterative approximations based on the Taylor series expansion and its derivative to find roots. The secant method approximates the derivative as the difference quotient. MATLAB functions are provided to implement both methods to find roots of sample non-linear equations.
This chapter discusses various types of errors that can occur in numerical analysis calculations, including:
- Round-off errors due to limitations in significant figures and binary representation in computers
- Truncation errors from using approximations instead of exact mathematical representations
- Error propagation when combining results with arithmetic operations
It also covers topics like accuracy vs precision, definitions of relative and absolute errors, floating point representation standards, and techniques to estimate errors like Taylor series expansions and machine epsilon values. The goal is to understand the sources and magnitudes of different errors to improve the reliability of numerical analysis methods.
Numerical method (curve fitting)
***TOPICS ARE****
Linear Regression
Multiple Linear Regression
Polynomial Regression
Example of Newton’s Interpolation Polynomial And example
Example of Newton’s Interpolation Polynomial And example
The power and beauty of mathematics could work for or against us depending on how we handle its intricacies.
See how easy it is to design a pattern and how illusory is the idea of finding that unique pattern describing the true insight.
This document provides an introduction to surds and indices. It discusses different types of numbers including rational and irrational numbers. It explains that surds like the square root of integers are either integers or irrational. The key properties of surds including simplifying expressions with surds are described. Index notation is also introduced as a shorthand for exponents. The basic rules for multiplying and dividing terms with indices are outlined.
A DERIVATIVE FREE HIGH ORDERED HYBRID EQUATION SOLVERZac Darcy
Generally a range of equation solvers for estimating the solution of an equation contain the derivative of
first or higher order. Such solvers are difficult to apply in the instances of complicated functional
relationship. The equation solver proposed in this paper meant to solve many of the involved complicated
problems and establishing a process tending towards a higher ordered by alloying the already proved
conventional methods like Newton-Raphson method (N-R), Regula Falsi method (R-F) & Bisection method
(BIS). The present method is good to solve those nonlinear and transcendental equations that cannot be
solved by the basic algebra. Comparative analysis are also made with the other racing formulas of this
group and the result shows that present method is faster than all such methods of the class.
A derivative free high ordered hybrid equation solverZac Darcy
Generally a range of equation solvers for estimating the solution of an equation contain the derivative of
first or higher order. Such solvers are difficult to apply in the instances of complicated functional
relationship. The equation solver proposed in this paper meant to solve many of the involved complicated
problems and establishing a process tending towards a higher ordered by alloying the already proved
conventional methods like Newton-Raphson method (N-R), Regula Falsi method (R-F) & Bisection method
(BIS). The present method is good to solve those nonlinear and transcendental equations that cannot be
solved by the basic algebra. Comparative analysis are also made with the other racing formulas of this
group and the result shows that present method is faster than all such methods of the class.
A Derivative Free High Ordered Hybrid Equation Solver Zac Darcy
Generally a range of equation solvers for estimating the solution of an equation contain the derivative of
first or higher order. Such solvers are difficult to apply in the instances of complicated functional
relationship. The equation solver proposed in this paper meant to solve many of the involved complicated
problems and establishing a process tending towards a higher ordered by alloying the already proved
conventional methods like Newton-Raphson method (N-R), Regula Falsi method (R-F) & Bisection method
(BIS). The present method is good to solve those nonlinear and transcendental equations that cannot be
solved by the basic algebra. Comparative analysis are also made with the other racing formulas of this
group and the result shows that present method is faster than all such methods of the class.
- Müller's method and Bairstow's method are conventional methods for finding both real and complex roots of polynomials.
- Müller's method fits a parabola to three initial guesses to estimate roots, then iteratively refines the estimate.
- Bairstow's method divides the polynomial by a quadratic factor to estimate roots, then iteratively adjusts the factor's coefficients to minimize the remainder using a process similar to Newton-Raphson.
- Both methods can find all roots of a polynomial by sequentially applying the process after removing already located roots from the polynomial.
The document provides an introduction to various MATLAB fundamentals including:
- Modeling the problem of a falling object using differential equations and analytical/numerical solutions.
- Conservation laws that constrain numerical solutions.
- MATLAB commands for defining variables, arrays, matrices, and performing basic operations.
- Plotting the velocity-time solution and customizing graphs.
- Describing algorithms using flowcharts and pseudocode.
- Structured programming in MATLAB using scripts, functions, decisions, and loops.
The document discusses different methods for fitting equations to data, including interpolating polynomials, least squares fitting, and examples of non-polynomial forms. It provides sample MATLAB code for finding an interpolating polynomial that passes through every data point in a sample data set, as well as code for performing a cubic least squares fit. The document concludes by giving practice problems involving fitting equations to saturation property data for water.
The document discusses various numerical methods for finding roots of functions, including:
- Bracketing methods like bisection and false position that search between initial lower and upper bounds.
- Open methods like Newton-Raphson and secant that do not require bracketing but may not converge.
- Techniques for polynomials like Müller's and Bairstow's methods.
Examples demonstrate applying bisection, false position, and Newton-Raphson to find the mass in a falling object problem. The convergence properties and relative performance of the different methods are analyzed.
This chapter introduces exponential and logarithmic functions. Exponential functions take the form f(x) = bx and model continuous exponential growth or decay. Their inverse functions are logarithmic functions of the form x = logb y. Key points covered include:
- Exponential growth occurs when b > 1 and decay when 0 < b < 1.
- Logarithmic functions have a domain of positive real numbers and range of all real numbers. Their graphs are reflections of exponential graphs in the line y = x.
- Important properties are established, such as logb(bn) = n, logb1 = 0, and the relationship between exponential and logarithmic forms of an equation.
This document provides an overview of least-squares regression techniques including:
- Simple linear regression to fit a line to data
- Polynomial regression to fit higher order curves
- Multiple regression to fit surfaces using two or more variables
It discusses calculating regression coefficients, quantifying errors, and performing statistical analysis of the regression results including determining confidence intervals. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these techniques.
This document discusses various methods for polynomial interpolation of data points, including Newton's divided difference interpolating polynomials and Lagrange interpolation polynomials. It provides formulas and examples for linear, quadratic, and general polynomial interpolation using Newton's method. It also covers an example of using multiple linear regression with log-transformed data to develop a model relating fluid flow through a pipe to the pipe's diameter and slope.
I am Ronald G. I am a Statistics Assignment Expert at statisticshomeworkhelper.com. I have done Ph.D Statistics from New York University, USA. I have been helping students with their statistics assignments for the past 5 years. You can hire me for any of your statistics assignments.
Visit statisticshomeworkhelper.com or email info@statisticshomeworkhelper.com.
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with statistics.
This document discusses numerical methods for finding roots of equations, specifically the secant method and Regula Falsi method. The secant method uses two initial approximations to determine the secant line of the function, and finds subsequent approximations by setting this line equal to zero. The Regula Falsi method combines bisection and secant, using the secant formula but checking signs as in bisection to refine the interval. Both methods converge faster than bisection but can fail if starting points are poor, while Regula Falsi always converges since it keeps the solution bracketed. The document also notes that these derivative-free methods are useful when the function is defined by experiments rather than a formula.
The document provides information about the bisection method for finding roots of non-linear equations. It defines the bisection method, outlines its basis and key steps, and provides an example of using the method to find the depth at which a floating ball is submerged in water. Over 10 iterations, the bisection method converges on an estimated root of 0.06241 for the example equation, with 2 significant digits found to be correct after the final iteration. The document also discusses an application of using the bisection method to find resistance of a thermistor at a given temperature.
This document provides an overview of the topics covered in the Numerical Methods course CISE-301. It discusses:
- Numerical methods as algorithms used to obtain numerical solutions to mathematical problems when analytical solutions do not exist or are difficult to obtain.
- Specific topics that will be covered, including solution of nonlinear equations, linear equations, curve fitting, interpolation, numerical integration, differentiation, and ordinary and partial differential equations.
- An introduction to Taylor series and how they can be used to approximate functions, along with examples of Maclaurin series expansions.
- How numerical representations of real numbers like floating point can lead to rounding errors, and the concepts of accuracy and precision in numerical calculations.
This document discusses Joseph-Louis Lagrange and interpolation. It provides:
1) A brief biography of Joseph-Louis Lagrange, an Italian mathematician who made significant contributions to calculus and probability.
2) A definition of interpolation as producing a function that matches given data points exactly and can be used to approximate values between points.
3) An explanation of Lagrange's interpolation formula for finding a polynomial that fits a set of data points, including an example of applying the formula.
This document discusses the bracketing method for finding the roots of equations. It begins by introducing bracketing methods and noting that they require initial guesses that bracket a root. It then provides an example of using a graphical method to find the root of an equation by plotting the function and observing where it crosses the x-axis. Finally, it describes the bisection method in more detail, noting that it iteratively narrows the range containing the root until the desired accuracy is reached.
This document presents methods for solving single non-linear equations and systems of non-linear equations numerically. It describes the Newton-Raphson and secant methods. The Newton-Raphson method uses iterative approximations based on the Taylor series expansion and its derivative to find roots. The secant method approximates the derivative as the difference quotient. MATLAB functions are provided to implement both methods to find roots of sample non-linear equations.
This chapter discusses various types of errors that can occur in numerical analysis calculations, including:
- Round-off errors due to limitations in significant figures and binary representation in computers
- Truncation errors from using approximations instead of exact mathematical representations
- Error propagation when combining results with arithmetic operations
It also covers topics like accuracy vs precision, definitions of relative and absolute errors, floating point representation standards, and techniques to estimate errors like Taylor series expansions and machine epsilon values. The goal is to understand the sources and magnitudes of different errors to improve the reliability of numerical analysis methods.
Numerical method (curve fitting)
***TOPICS ARE****
Linear Regression
Multiple Linear Regression
Polynomial Regression
Example of Newton’s Interpolation Polynomial And example
Example of Newton’s Interpolation Polynomial And example
The power and beauty of mathematics could work for or against us depending on how we handle its intricacies.
See how easy it is to design a pattern and how illusory is the idea of finding that unique pattern describing the true insight.
This document provides an introduction to surds and indices. It discusses different types of numbers including rational and irrational numbers. It explains that surds like the square root of integers are either integers or irrational. The key properties of surds including simplifying expressions with surds are described. Index notation is also introduced as a shorthand for exponents. The basic rules for multiplying and dividing terms with indices are outlined.
A DERIVATIVE FREE HIGH ORDERED HYBRID EQUATION SOLVERZac Darcy
Generally a range of equation solvers for estimating the solution of an equation contain the derivative of
first or higher order. Such solvers are difficult to apply in the instances of complicated functional
relationship. The equation solver proposed in this paper meant to solve many of the involved complicated
problems and establishing a process tending towards a higher ordered by alloying the already proved
conventional methods like Newton-Raphson method (N-R), Regula Falsi method (R-F) & Bisection method
(BIS). The present method is good to solve those nonlinear and transcendental equations that cannot be
solved by the basic algebra. Comparative analysis are also made with the other racing formulas of this
group and the result shows that present method is faster than all such methods of the class.
A derivative free high ordered hybrid equation solverZac Darcy
Generally a range of equation solvers for estimating the solution of an equation contain the derivative of
first or higher order. Such solvers are difficult to apply in the instances of complicated functional
relationship. The equation solver proposed in this paper meant to solve many of the involved complicated
problems and establishing a process tending towards a higher ordered by alloying the already proved
conventional methods like Newton-Raphson method (N-R), Regula Falsi method (R-F) & Bisection method
(BIS). The present method is good to solve those nonlinear and transcendental equations that cannot be
solved by the basic algebra. Comparative analysis are also made with the other racing formulas of this
group and the result shows that present method is faster than all such methods of the class.
A Derivative Free High Ordered Hybrid Equation Solver Zac Darcy
Generally a range of equation solvers for estimating the solution of an equation contain the derivative of
first or higher order. Such solvers are difficult to apply in the instances of complicated functional
relationship. The equation solver proposed in this paper meant to solve many of the involved complicated
problems and establishing a process tending towards a higher ordered by alloying the already proved
conventional methods like Newton-Raphson method (N-R), Regula Falsi method (R-F) & Bisection method
(BIS). The present method is good to solve those nonlinear and transcendental equations that cannot be
solved by the basic algebra. Comparative analysis are also made with the other racing formulas of this
group and the result shows that present method is faster than all such methods of the class.
algebric solutions by newton raphson method and secant methodNagma Modi
This document discusses methods for solving algebraic and transcendental equations, specifically the Newton-Raphson and secant methods. It provides graphical and algebraic explanations of how the Newton-Raphson method works to iteratively find better approximations of roots. It also explains the secant method graphically and provides the key equation. The document includes two examples applying Newton-Raphson's method to find roots and one example applying the secant method.
This document discusses several numerical methods for finding the roots of equations, including the bisection method, false position method, fixed point method, Newton-Raphson method, and secant method. It provides examples of using these methods to find the maximum deflection of a bookshelf beam and to find a root of the equation x3 - 30x2 + 2400 = 0 using the fixed point method. The document also lists sources used in a bibliography.
This document discusses several numerical methods for finding roots of equations, including the bisection method, false position method, fixed point method, Newton-Raphson method, and secant method. It provides an example of using the Newton-Raphson method to find the maximum deflection of a bookshelf beam. It also asks which function could be used with the fixed point method to find a root between 10 and 15 for the equation x3 - 30x2 + 2400 = 0. Finally, it provides an example of using the bisection method to find the root of the equation f(x)=3x+sinx-ex.
This document discusses modeling discrete dynamical systems using difference equations. It begins by introducing discrete dynamical systems and difference equations. A difference equation relates the future value of a variable to its previous values, allowing modeling of systems that change over discrete time. The document then covers modeling with linear, first-order difference equations of the form xn+1 = rxn + b. It discusses finding the solution to such equations, equilibrium points, and classifying stability. Examples are provided to illustrate modeling population growth and drug dosage levels using difference equations.
The secant method is a root-finding algorithm that uses the secant line between two points on a function to approximate a root. It requires choosing two initial points and then calculates the x-value where the secant line through those points crosses the x-axis. This new x-value becomes the next approximation in an iterative process repeated until a root is found within a specified accuracy. The method converges faster than linear methods and does not require evaluating derivatives or bracketing roots. It was presented with an example problem solved over 5 iterations to demonstrate the algorithm.
Numerical Methods and Applied Statistics Paper (RTU VI Semester)FellowBuddy.com
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This document discusses synthetic division, a shortcut method for long division of polynomials when dividing by divisors of the form x - k. Synthetic division works by setting up an array and adding terms in columns, multiplying the results by -k. The remainder obtained has an important interpretation related to the Remainder Theorem - evaluating the polynomial function at x = k. The Factor Theorem also relates dividing a polynomial by (x - k) to determining if (x - k) is a factor. Examples demonstrate using synthetic division and these theorems to factor polynomials and find zeros.
The Newton-Raphson method estimates roots of equations by:
1) Rearranging the equation into the form f(x) = 0 and choosing an initial x-value
2) Substituting into the formula xn+1 = xn - f(xn)/f'(xn)
3) Differentiating to find f'(x) and iterating the formula using a calculator until convergence
The method may fail if the starting value is near a stationary point where f'(x) = 0, causing division by zero in the formula.
This document discusses algorithms for computing the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distribution, which is used to measure goodness of fit between empirical and theoretical distributions. It describes existing algorithms that are either fast but unreliable or precise but slow. The authors propose a new algorithm that uses different approximations depending on sample size and test statistic value, to provide fast and reliable computation of both the distribution and its complement. Their C program implements this approach using multiple methods, including an exact but slow recursion formula and faster but less precise approximations for large samples.
The false-position method is an iterative method for finding the roots of a nonlinear equation. It improves upon the bisection method by using the slopes of the function at the lower and upper bounds to estimate a new root, rather than taking the midpoint. The steps are: 1) choose initial lower and upper bounds where the function changes signs, 2) estimate the new root using the slopes, 3) update the bounds based on where the new root lies, 4) repeat until convergence within a tolerance. Examples show applying the method to find the depth a floating ball is submerged and the root of a quadratic equation.
The document provides details on using the bisection method to find the root of a nonlinear equation. It begins with an overview of the bisection method and how it iteratively searches for the root between two initial guesses. It then describes how to check if the initial guesses validly bracket a root by evaluating the product of the function values at the guesses. If the product is negative, a root is known to exist between the guesses. The method is then explained step-by-step, showing how the range is bisected in each iteration until converging on the root. An example problem is provided and solved over 12 iterations to demonstrate the convergence of the bisection method.
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Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
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Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
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A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
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𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptx
Question bank v it cos
1. QUESTION BANK
Subject code: 151601
Subject Name: Computer Oriented Statistical Methods
1 If u =2v6 -5 , find the percentage error in u at v =1 if error in v is 0.05. 3 June11
2 Find the solution of the following equation using floating point arithmetic 3 June11
with 4-digit mantissa x2 -1000x +25 =0
3 Discuss the pitfalls in computing using normalize floating – point numbers. 3 Dec10
4 Explain Floating Point Representation of number with example. 3 June12
5 Explain different types of Errors with it’s propagation during computation & 6 June12
how to improve the accuracy of Numeric Computation.
6 Discuss briefly the different types of errors encountered in performing 3 Nov11
numerical calculations
7 Find the root of the equation x4 – x – 10 = 0 upto 3 decimal points using 7 June12
Bisection Method.
8 Find the root of the equation 2x-log10x-7 = 0 correct to three decimal places 3 June11
using iteration method.
9 Find the approximate root of the equation x3 ‐ 4x ‐ 9 = 0 by using False 7 June12
Position Method.
10 Use three iterations of Newton Raphson Method to solve the non-linear 6 Dec10
quations, x 2 − y 2 + 7 = 0, x − xy + 9 = 0 .Take ( x 0 , y 0 ) = (3.5,4.5) as the
initial approximation.
11 Find the real root of the equation x3 - 9x +1=0 by method of Newton Raphson 4 Dec 10
12 Explain Newton Raphson Method in detail 5 June12
13 Prove that Newton-Raphson procedure is second order convergent. 3 Nov11
14 If y(1) = 4, y(3) = 12, y(4) = 19 and y(x) = 7 then find x by Newton’s formula
15 Find the root of the equation by Secant method. 4 June11
16 Write an algorithm for the false position method to find root of the 3 Nov11
equation f ( x) = 0 .
17 Write an algorithm for the successive approximation method to find root of 2 Dec10
nonlinear equation.
18 Use the secant method to estimate the root of f ( x) = e − x − x correct to two 4 Nov 11
significant digits with initial estimate of x-1 =0 and x0 =1.0
19 Describe BAIRSTOW method in brief 5 Dec10
20 Find all roots of the equation x3 – 2x2 -5x + 6 = 0 using Graeffe`s method 5 Dec10,
squaring thrice. 7 Nov11
21 Use Lagrange’s formula to find third degree polynomial which fits into the 5 June11
data below
X 0 1 3 4
Y -12 0 12 24
Evaluate the polynomial for x = 4.
22 State Budan’s theorem. Apply it to find the number of roots of the equation June11
in the interval [-1, 0] and [0,1].
23 Find the root of the equation using Lin-Bairstow’s 4 June11
Method
24 Compute f '(0.75) , from the following table 3 June11
x 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
f(x) 0.13 0.42 1.00 1.95 2.35
Prepared by Dr. Shailja Sharma
2. QUESTION BANK
Subject code: 151601
Subject Name: Computer Oriented Statistical Methods
25 Evaluate by (i) Trapezoidal rule (ii) Simpson’s 1/3 rule 4 June 11
26 Represent the function f(x) = 3 in factorial notation and hence 5 June11
show that f (x) =18.
27 The distance, s(in km) covered by a car in a given time, t (min) is given in the 4 June11
following table
Time(t) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Distance(s) 0 2.5 8.5 15.5 24.5 36.5 50
Estimate the speed and acceleration of the car at t = 5 minutes.
28 The distance (s) covered by a car in a given time (t) is given below 6 Dec10
Time(Minutes) : 10 12 16 17 22
Distance(Km.) : 12 15 20 22 32
Find the speed of car at time t =14 minutes
29 Obtain cubic spline for every subinterval from the following data 6 Dec10
x: 0 1 2 3
f(x) : 1 2 33 244
Hence an estimate f(2.5)
30 Fit cubic splines for first two subintervals from the following data. Utilize the 7 Nov11
result to estimate the value at x=5.
x: 3 4.5 7 9
f(x) : 2.5 1 2.5 0.5
31 Estimate the function value f (7) using cubic splines from the following data 5 June11
given p0 =p2 =0
i 0 1 2
zi 4 9 16
fi 2 3 4
32 Prove the following (i) Δ∇ = ∇Δ = Δ − ∇ (ii) δ = ∇E 1 / 2 4 June11
33 Write an algorithm for Lagrange’s interpolation method to interpolate a value 2 Dec10
of dependent variable for given value of independent variable.
34 Differentiate Interpolation & Extrapolation. 3 June12
35 Estimate the value of f(22) and f(42) from the following data 5 June11
x: 20 25 30 35 40 45
f(x): 354 332 291 260 231 204
36 Explain Cubic Spline Interpolation with it’s conditions. 3 June12
37 Write Langrage Interpolation Algorithm & Solve the following using it: 8 June12
Find f(x) at x=4.
X : 1.5 3 6
f(x) : ‐0.25 2 20
38 Consider the following table: 8 June12
x : 20 25 30
f(x) : 0.342 0.423 0.500
Find the value of x where f(x) = 0.399 using Inverse Interpolation. Would
you use the difference method or Lagrangian Method?
39 Write an algorithm for Trapezoidal Rule to integrate a tabulated function. 3 Nov11
Prepared by Dr. Shailja Sharma
3. QUESTION BANK
Subject code: 151601
Subject Name: Computer Oriented Statistical Methods
40 Evaluate ∫x2 dx using Trapezoidal Rule by taking h=1/8. 4 June12
41 5 6 Dec10
∫
Evaluate : log 10 xdx , taking 8 subintervals, correct to four decimal places by
1
Trapezoidal rule.
42 The table gives the distance in nautical miles of the visible horizon for the 4 Nov11
given heights in feet above the earth’s surface. Find the values of y when
x=390ft.
height(x): 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Distance(y): 10.63 13.03 15.04 16.81 18.42 19.90 21.27
43 A train is moving at the speed of 30 m/sec. suddenly brakes are applied. The 4 Nov11
speed of the train per second after t seconds is given by the following table.
Time(t): 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Speed(v): 30 24 19 16 13 11 10
Apply Simpson’s three-eighth rule to determine the distance moved by the
train in 30 seconds.
44 Explain Simpson 1/3 Rule in detail. 4 June12
45 Using Simpson’s rule, find the volume of the solid of revolution formed by
rotating about x-axis. The area between the x-axis, the lines x = 0 and x = 1
and a curve through the points (0,1), (0.25,0.9896), (0.50,0.9589),
(0.75,0.9089) and (1,0.8415).
46 A slider in a machine moves along a fixed straight rod. Its distance x cm. along 7 Nov11
the rod is given below for various values of the time t seconds. Find the
velocity of the slider when t = 0.1 second.
t: 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
x: 30.13 31.62 32.87 33.64 33.95 33.81 33.24
47 Write an algorithm for simpson`s three-eight rule to integrate a tabulated 2 Dec10
function.
48 Compute f’(0.75),from the following table 3 June11
X: 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
F(x):0.13 0.42 1.00 1.95 2.35
49 6
1 4 June11
Evaluate ∫ 1 + x 2 dx by (i)Trapezoidal rule (ii) Simpson’s 1/3 rule
0
50 The following data gives pressure and volume of superheated steam 6 Dec10
V: 2 4 6 8 10
P: 105 42.7 25.3 16.7 13
Find the rate of change of pressure w.r.t. volume when V=8
51 Following table shows speed in m/s and time in second of a car 6 Dec10
t : 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120
v : 0 3.60 10.08 18.90 21.60 18.54 10.26 5.40 4.50 5.40 9.00
Using simpson`s one-third rule find the distance travelled by the car in 120
second
52 Given where y = 0 when x = 0 find y(0.2) and y(0.4) using 5 June11
Runga Kutta method
Prepared by Dr. Shailja Sharma
4. QUESTION BANK
Subject code: 151601
Subject Name: Computer Oriented Statistical Methods
53 Solve the dy/dx = x2– y, y(0) = 1. Find y(0.1) and y(0.2), h=0.1 using Runge 7 June 12
Kutta’s 2nd Order Method.
54 dy 6 Dec10
Given that = x + y 2 , y(0) = 1. Using Runge-kutta method find
dx
approximate value of y 0.2,take step size 0.1
55 dy 4 Nov11
Given that = x + y with initial condition y(0)=1.Use Runge-Kutta fourth
dx
order method to find y(0.1).
56 dy 2 Dec10
Write an algorithm for Euler`s method to solve ODE = f ( x, y )
dx
57 Solve dy/dx = 2x – y, y(0) = 2 in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3 by taking h=0.1 using 7 June12
Euler’s Method
58 Using Euler`s method, compute y(0.5) for differential equation 4 June11
dy
= y2 − x2
dx with y = 1 when x = 0(taking h = 0.1)
59 dy 4 June11
Solve the differential equation = x + y with y(0) = 1, x ∈ [0,1] by Taylor’s
dx
series expansion to obtain y for x = 0.
60 Use Taylor series to find approximate value of cos(-8 ) to 5 significant digits. 7 Nov11
61 dy 7 Nov11
Use Heun’s predictor-corrector method to integrate = 4e 0.8 x − 0.5 y from
dx
x= 0 to x = 3 with a step size of 1. The initial condition at x=0 is y=2.(Perform
only one iteration in corrector step)
62 4 3 June11
∫ ( x + 2 x)dx
2
Using Gauss’s quadrature formula, evaluate
2
Prepared by Dr. Shailja Sharma