This document discusses qualitative research methods, focusing on interviews. It defines qualitative research methodology as suitable for investigating new fields of study or identifying important issues. The most common qualitative methods are interviews and observation, which allow for an in-depth understanding of issues through textual interpretation. Interviews are described as semi-structured, unstructured, or structured. Semi-structured interviews use a standard set of questions but also allow for additional clarifying questions. The advantages of interviews include feedback, clarification, and probing complex answers, while the disadvantages include costs, scheduling challenges, and potential lack of anonymity or influence of interviewer style.

1. • Preeti Devi
• M. A. Geography
• Govt. College For Girls Sector-14 Gurugram,
Haryana
The qualitative data productionand explanation of Interviews method in
research methodology.

2. What is Research
• Buckley and Chiang define research methodology as “a
strategy or architectural design by which the researcher maps
out an approach to problem-finding or problem-solving.”
• According to Crotty, “research methodology is a
comprehensive strategy ‘that silhouettes our choice and use of
specific methods relating them to the anticipated outcomes”

3. What is Qualitative Research Methodology
• Qualitative research methodology is considered
to be suitable when the researcher or the
investigator either investigates new field of study
or intends to ascertain and theorize prominent
issues.
• There are many qualitative methods which are
developed to have an in depth and extensive
understanding of the issues by means of their
textual interpretation and the most common types
are interviewing and observation.

4. Interview
• This is the most common format of data
collection in qualitative research. According to
Oakley, qualitative interview is a type of
framework in which the practices and standards
be not only recorded, but also achieved,
challenged and as well as reinforced.

5. Overview of Interview
• Aim is to discover the interviewee’s own framework
of meanings
• Research task is to avoid imposing the researcher’s
structures and assumptions
• Concepts and variables that emerge may be different
from those predicted at outset by researcher

6. Types of Interview
Semi-
structured
Unstructured (in-
depth)
Structured

7. STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS
• Best used when
Relevant literature is highly developed with established
understanding of topic
Following observational/less structured interviewing approaches
Structured questionnaires with relevant and meaningful response
categories
Interviewers trained to ask questions (with fixed choices) in
standardized manner
Example: “Is your health excellent, good, fair, or poor?”
•Benefits:
Efficient with no rapport establishment required
Consistent data that can be compared across number of respondents

8. UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS
• “Relatively unstructured” -- guided conversations
• No specific predetermined questions
• May be conducted in conjunction with collection of
observational data
• Participant observation from sidelines and/or joining in on the
activities being studied
• “Key informants” identified
• Meaning of observed behaviors, interactions, art facts and
rituals
Example: “This research study is about how people think about
their own health. Can you tell me about your own experiences?
• Questions emerge over time as investigator learns about the
setting

9. SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS
Semi-structured interviews contain the
components of both, structured and unstructured
interviews. In semi-structured interviews,
interviewer prepares a set of same questions to be
answered by all interviewees. At the same time,
additional questions might be asked during
interviews to clarify and/or further expand certain
issues.

10. Advantage of Interview Method
Opportunity for feedback
Opportunity for clarifications
Probing of complex answers
Personal connection, rapport

11. Disadvantage of Interview Method
 Cost
Geographic proximity
Length and complexity
Number of non-respondents, callbacks
 Lack of anonymity
 Personal interviewer style
 Cultural considerations

12. •Thank you