The objective of this research article is to identify the most critical safety influencing variables of a section of four-lane National Highway-18(old)/40(New) through statistical models that explains the relationship between frequency of accident count and highway safety variables. The Highway traverses mainly through a plain terrain of mostly agricultural areas. The study is for newly constructing Four-Lane road between chainage 224.000 (Chagalamarri) to 359.9(Kurnool) to identify all safety deficiencies responsible for road accidents. The predictive ability using Multiple linear regression model is under two categories: First for the 2 lane sections and second for 4 lane sections separately. The validation tools were applied to examine the ability of models to predict accidents.
Adjusting the flow in crucial areas can maximize the overall throughput of traffic along a stretch of road. This is of particular interest in regions of high traffic density, which may be caused by high volume peak time traffic, accidents or closure of one or more lanes of the road.
t the end of this workshop participants will be able to:
Anticipate future traffic problems of a transportation network
Understand the use and limitations of various modes of transportation and learn a technique to design an efficient transportation system by combination of these
Understand the concept of Level of Service of the transport system and techniques to maintain those within acceptable limits
Obtain guidance in the traffic control systems and their use during special events as well as during construction
Develop an intelligent transportation system as well as efficient parking system
Be aware of and be able to evaluate the effects of any new development on the adjacent traffic network
Understanding the concepts of traffic calming, forecasts, traffic management systems
Acquire a basic knowledge of standards of transportation safety
Obtain sufficient knowledge to manage traffic in your small neighborhood/ complex/construction site
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Architects
Builders and developers
Civil engineers
Development control officers
Engineers and technicians in charge of a construction site
Town planners
Traffic control authorities of big events
http://www.idc-online.com/content/transportation-planning-and-management-27
Accident Black Spot Identification | KJEI Campus to Chandni ChowkShadaab Sayyed
The seminar by Rutuja Gawade, Amol Pawar, Swapnil Borge, Nazim Ansari under the guidance of Prof. Jitesh Dhule about the accidents black spot identification along the route.
Adjusting the flow in crucial areas can maximize the overall throughput of traffic along a stretch of road. This is of particular interest in regions of high traffic density, which may be caused by high volume peak time traffic, accidents or closure of one or more lanes of the road.
t the end of this workshop participants will be able to:
Anticipate future traffic problems of a transportation network
Understand the use and limitations of various modes of transportation and learn a technique to design an efficient transportation system by combination of these
Understand the concept of Level of Service of the transport system and techniques to maintain those within acceptable limits
Obtain guidance in the traffic control systems and their use during special events as well as during construction
Develop an intelligent transportation system as well as efficient parking system
Be aware of and be able to evaluate the effects of any new development on the adjacent traffic network
Understanding the concepts of traffic calming, forecasts, traffic management systems
Acquire a basic knowledge of standards of transportation safety
Obtain sufficient knowledge to manage traffic in your small neighborhood/ complex/construction site
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Architects
Builders and developers
Civil engineers
Development control officers
Engineers and technicians in charge of a construction site
Town planners
Traffic control authorities of big events
http://www.idc-online.com/content/transportation-planning-and-management-27
Accident Black Spot Identification | KJEI Campus to Chandni ChowkShadaab Sayyed
The seminar by Rutuja Gawade, Amol Pawar, Swapnil Borge, Nazim Ansari under the guidance of Prof. Jitesh Dhule about the accidents black spot identification along the route.
accident report for cars
form for accident report
blue report for accident
accident reports for nc
the best study method
effective study methods
causes of accidents
factors affecting accidents
how accident data are collected
PTV Vissim is rounded off with comprehensive analysis options, creating a powerful tool for the evaluation and planning of urban and extra-urban transport infrastructure.
Presented by MA & MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) University of Leeds, May 2015.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
http://on.fb.me/1KM7ahn
this is a brief introduction to various traffic engineering basic characteristics which are useful in designing any corridor or passage with safety & reliability.
Two models are present, the first is point to point model and demonstrated the minimizing cost issue, while the other model is Multi-stops operating model, and it is addressing profit maximization.
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
accident report for cars
form for accident report
blue report for accident
accident reports for nc
the best study method
effective study methods
causes of accidents
factors affecting accidents
how accident data are collected
PTV Vissim is rounded off with comprehensive analysis options, creating a powerful tool for the evaluation and planning of urban and extra-urban transport infrastructure.
Presented by MA & MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) University of Leeds, May 2015.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
http://on.fb.me/1KM7ahn
this is a brief introduction to various traffic engineering basic characteristics which are useful in designing any corridor or passage with safety & reliability.
Two models are present, the first is point to point model and demonstrated the minimizing cost issue, while the other model is Multi-stops operating model, and it is addressing profit maximization.
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
Prefabrication for improving Sustainability and Economics of Civil Engineerin...Ankit Singhai
Use of Prefabrication for improving Sustainability and Economics of Civil Engineering Projects
Studied the advantages of using prefabrication and modular construction over traditional construction practices.
Also, identified the hindrances in its application, and possible solution
Prefabrication types and Applications explainedEyad Reda
Explaining prefabrication in construction in a simple way. The contents range from steel framing, Precast concrete, Concrete prefab systems, sandwich paneling, timber framing and Real-life applications for prefabrication.
Traffic studies of urban mid block section a case study of pragatinagar to ak...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. Prediction of Road Accident Modelling For Indian National Highways
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1. INTRODUCTION
As per the official records 1,41,526 persons were died and 4,77,731 were injured in road traffic
accidents in India in 2014(NCRB 2015).Hence Road safety Management has emerged as a topic of
discussion for researchers all over the world. The traffic police are the source for giving information
relating to road traffic injuries in India, based on the cases reported them. The burden of road traffic
injuries has increased over the last 20 years in India. National Safety policies are to be promoted to
ensure improvements in traffic safety. As per the reports of MORTH and NCRB (National crime
Record Bureau, the data can be useful up to 20% only and the remaining 80% is unreliable
information which should not be used for analysis. The faults in the reports probably occur from a
wrong coding of the victims status which needs to be reviewed &revised.
The fatalities are more than doubled between 1991 and 2014 in big cities of India. In Rajastan,
Maharastra, Orissa and Tripura fatalities increased by 4 to 6 times and in Assam, Gujarat, Punjab and
Haryana 8-10 times increased in the same period. Much concentration need to be put to street and
highways designs which influence on vulnerable road user safety ,because present policies do not
appear to be giving needed effect. Number of deaths were increased between 1996 to 2014 in almost
all cities in India Survey reports suggested that in Agra and Ludhiana lower volumes vehicle velocities
can be higher at night because sufficient lighting system is not available and there is limited
checking’s of drivers under the influence of alcohol.
In India, national highways are only 15% of the total length but account for 33% of the fatalities.
The expressway are only to a length of 1000kms in 2014 in the country but a high death rate of 1.8 per
Km per year.68% of persons are getting killed on highways in India by the vulnerable road users.
Rear end crashes including with parked vehicles are high on all types of highways. Safety should
be enhanced by separating roads for slow and fast moving vehicles on the same roads. An independent
road safety Agency is to be established in India to set standards, to monitor and implements.
Multi disciplinary research centers are to be established to get more innovative results. Highway
designs must be adequate with safe facilities for slow traffic and separate paths are to be provided for
bicycle lanes and disabled pedestrians.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Earlier Research Model Parameters Conclusion
Shankar et al(1994) Negative binomial model
Road geometric, weather and
seasonal effects
They concluded that rainfall
played or significant positive role
in accident occurrences
Persaud et al(2000) Generalized linear model Traffic flow, Road geometry
Accidents per year increases with
ADT
Golob and Recker(2003)
Linear and non linear
multivariate statistical analysis
Traffic flow, Weather and
lighting
Significant variables are original
traffic flow variables
Wong et al(2007)
Poisson and Negative
binomial regression
Traffic flow, geometric
design, road environment
Degree of curve more significant
role in crash risk
Quddus et al(2010) Ordered Response model
Traffic congestion, road
geometry
Traffic congestion did not affect
the severity of road crashes
Xiugang Lietal (2011) Generalized additive models Geometric elements
Lane and shoulder widths
significant role in crash risk
Anitha Jacob et al(2013)
Passion regression,
NB regression model
Geometrics elements
Crashes effectively reduced by
widening roads.
3. B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
3. STUDY AREA
Government of India through NHAI has taken up the development, maintenan
national highways under NHDP phase
where the intensity of traffic has increased significantly and to augment the capacity for safe and
efficient movement of traffic.
National highway number 18 starts from Chittoor
length of highway is located in Andhra Pradesh and it passes
Allagadda (247.7), Nandya l (282.2),
Kurnool district. Most of this national highway study segments falls in rural areas
85%).The study area for this project is newly constructing four lane road between chainage
Chagalamarri (224.000) to Kurnool
3.1. ALIGNMENT
The present project study stretch
(NH-18) is under during construction. Hence the alignment has contains number of sharp horizontal
and vertical curves. This stretch passes thr
mountainous terrain stretches from km 306.5 to km 322.0.This alignment runs bisecting the existing
irrigation tank at km 351.8 near Thandrapadu village for approximately 200m length on about 3.0
high embakment.
The alignment does not run in high embankment except on approaches to major bridges, where the
height of embankment is upto 5m.Generally the existing road is o
Figure 1 Google Road Map Chagalamarri To Kur
3.1. DATA COLLECTION
Accident data was collected from the National Highway Authority of India
data was collected through field studies. For the purpose of collecting road geometry data, the road
was divided into two type of segments i.e 2 lane segments and 4 lane segments. A five years
July to 2015 November) accident data was collected from the National Highway Authority of India
(NHAI) at Kurnool district. And also 135.5 km length road geometric characteristics was col
such as carriage way, shoulder width, number of curves…..etc.,
3.2. ROAD GEOMETRIC DATA
The total length of selected study area is 135.5 km co
lane is 63.5 km is divided into 16 segments called
km is divided into 14 segments called B1,B2,B3……B14. The
individual chainage, road geometric
Number of curves (NC), Number of
B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
IJCIET/index.asp 791
Government of India through NHAI has taken up the development, maintenan
national highways under NHDP phase-III programme of 4/6 lining of 10,000 km length of highways,
where the intensity of traffic has increased significantly and to augment the capacity for safe and
highway number 18 starts from Chittoor (NH-4 jn.) and ends at Kurnool
length of highway is located in Andhra Pradesh and it passes via Cuddapah (167.7),
(282.2), Panyam (303.0).The present project study
Kurnool district. Most of this national highway study segments falls in rural areas
85%).The study area for this project is newly constructing four lane road between chainage
Chagalamarri (224.000) to Kurnool (356.502).
have both 2 lane as well as 4 lane because this National Highway
18) is under during construction. Hence the alignment has contains number of sharp horizontal
and vertical curves. This stretch passes through plain terrain. The existing alignment in the rolling and
mountainous terrain stretches from km 306.5 to km 322.0.This alignment runs bisecting the existing
irrigation tank at km 351.8 near Thandrapadu village for approximately 200m length on about 3.0
The alignment does not run in high embankment except on approaches to major bridges, where the
height of embankment is upto 5m.Generally the existing road is on 0.5m to 2.5m high embankment.
Google Road Map Chagalamarri To Kurnool, A.P
Accident data was collected from the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI). Road geometry
data was collected through field studies. For the purpose of collecting road geometry data, the road
segments i.e 2 lane segments and 4 lane segments. A five years
July to 2015 November) accident data was collected from the National Highway Authority of India
(NHAI) at Kurnool district. And also 135.5 km length road geometric characteristics was col
such as carriage way, shoulder width, number of curves…..etc.,
3.2. ROAD GEOMETRIC DATA
The total length of selected study area is 135.5 km consisting both 2 lane and 4 lane.
lane is 63.5 km is divided into 16 segments called A1,A2,A3……A16 and Total length of 4 lane is 72
km is divided into 14 segments called B1,B2,B3……B14. The lane details consisting of each
individual chainage, road geometric characteristics such as Carriageway (CW),
of bridge (NB),Number of minor culverts (NMC),
B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
editor@iaeme.com
Government of India through NHAI has taken up the development, maintenance and management of
III programme of 4/6 lining of 10,000 km length of highways,
where the intensity of traffic has increased significantly and to augment the capacity for safe and
4 jn.) and ends at Kurnool (NH-7 jn.).Total
67.7), Maidukur (194.0),
present project study passes through only
Kurnool district. Most of this national highway study segments falls in rural areas (approximately
85%).The study area for this project is newly constructing four lane road between chainage
have both 2 lane as well as 4 lane because this National Highway
18) is under during construction. Hence the alignment has contains number of sharp horizontal
ough plain terrain. The existing alignment in the rolling and
mountainous terrain stretches from km 306.5 to km 322.0.This alignment runs bisecting the existing
irrigation tank at km 351.8 near Thandrapadu village for approximately 200m length on about 3.0m
The alignment does not run in high embankment except on approaches to major bridges, where the
n 0.5m to 2.5m high embankment.
A.P
(NHAI). Road geometry
data was collected through field studies. For the purpose of collecting road geometry data, the road
segments i.e 2 lane segments and 4 lane segments. A five years (2011
July to 2015 November) accident data was collected from the National Highway Authority of India
(NHAI) at Kurnool district. And also 135.5 km length road geometric characteristics was collected
nsisting both 2 lane and 4 lane. Total length of 2
,A3……A16 and Total length of 4 lane is 72
lane details consisting of each
(CW), Shoulder width (SW),
(NMC), Number of canals
4. Prediction of Road Accident Modelling For Indian National Highways
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(NCS),Number of junctions(NJ),Number of minor roads (MR),Width at minor roads
(WMR),Roadmarkings(RM),Roadsigns(RS),Roadcondition(RC),Shouldertype(ST),Shoulder
condition(SC),Land use(LU).
Majority of these two lane and four lane study stretch was straight. The total number of curves in
entire two lane stretch are 46.And the total number of curves in only 4 lane segments are 62. The
carriageway for two lane segments varies 8.7m,8.5m,8.0m….etc., While in case of four lane
carriageway varies 16.0m,14.0m,14.2m……etc., The shoulder width varies in two lane segments is
0.9m,1.2m..etc., The shoulder width varies in four lane segments 1.4m,1.5m etc.,
4. MODL DEVELOPMENT
Multiple linear Regression: The Normal linear regression model having (Y) as Response variable and
X. The Normal MRM (Multiple Regression model) developed to understand the relationship b/w a set
of variables that shows in a data set.
Y=βO+β1X+u.... 1
Y=f(X) +U
Where X1, X2---= explanatory variables
β1 β2=estimated model coefficients
U=Random error term (Assumed to be distributed Normally with variance and mean zero)
βO =Regression Constant
f(X)=Population regression function
This shows that Y has to be distributed normally with mean population regression function and
variance. Even though the development of model and Interpretation is so simple: its use in Accident
Analysis is restricted due to the following drawbacks
• Some variables are not follow normal distribution
• Response variable(Y) cannot have a negative value and, Accidents are countable events.
Even with above drawbacks this Multiple Regression model has been Implemented (Or) tried in
this Research paper. The model can be Implemented (Or) tried whenever a set of data from bigger area
is used for Modelling because the presence of a huge no of small effects acting Independently and
additively can be assumed to follow normal distribution.(Central Limittheore)
5. VALIDATION OF MODEL
The validity of model is carried out as follows:
• By finding the Coefficient of Determination (R2
).
• By the comparison of results of total number of accidents found by model with the data obtained from
NHAI.
Coefficient of Determination (R2
):
• It is defined as a ratio of the explained variance to the total variance of the independent variable y. The
value ofR2
lies between 0 and 1, the closer it is to 1, The better is the model.
The following fig 2 shows Sixteen two lane segments road geometric characteristics on
Minitab(17.0)software contains C1 as a dependent variable(Number of accidents) and
C2,C3……..C15 as a independent variables. In two lane road geometric segments only fourteen
independent variabls was selected for regression input.
5. B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
Figure 2 Accidents Alo
Figure 3 Two Lane Segment Output Summary (Analysis)
B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
IJCIET/index.asp 793
Accidents Along with Geometric Charcteristics on Two Lane Segments
Two Lane Segment Output Summary (Analysis)
B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
editor@iaeme.com
ng with Geometric Charcteristics on Two Lane Segments
6. Prediction of Road Accident Modelling For Indian National Highways
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
Figure 4 Two Lane Segment Output Summary (Coeeficents)
The above figures 3&4 indicates regression data output on Minitab 17.0 version. In this dat
refers to Response(Number of accidents NA ).and C2, C3 ,C4 ,C5, C6…….. are refers to
Predictors(CW,SW,NC,NB…… etc).
6. MULTIPLE REGRESSION
The following model was selected as the best fit model, satisfying both statistica
as practical considerations. Sensitivity studies were conducted to calibrate the model and also study
the effect of each variable on the urban road accidents
Figure 5 Normal Probability Plot
f Road Accident Modelling For Indian National Highways
IJCIET/index.asp 794
Two Lane Segment Output Summary (Coeeficents)
indicates regression data output on Minitab 17.0 version. In this dat
Number of accidents NA ).and C2, C3 ,C4 ,C5, C6…….. are refers to
(CW,SW,NC,NB…… etc).
MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL (FOR TWO LANE SEGMEN
The following model was selected as the best fit model, satisfying both statistica
as practical considerations. Sensitivity studies were conducted to calibrate the model and also study
the effect of each variable on the urban road accidents.
Normal Probability Plot for Two Lane Segments
f Road Accident Modelling For Indian National Highways
editor@iaeme.com
Two Lane Segment Output Summary (Coeeficents)
indicates regression data output on Minitab 17.0 version. In this data C1
Number of accidents NA ).and C2, C3 ,C4 ,C5, C6…….. are refers to
(FOR TWO LANE SEGMENTS)
The following model was selected as the best fit model, satisfying both statistical (R2
= 0.912) as well
as practical considerations. Sensitivity studies were conducted to calibrate the model and also study
7. B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
Figure 6
Figure 7 Residuals Versus Order For Two Lane Segments
EQUATION:
Y =-84.8+5.7CW-20.63SW+2.94NC-
16.6NJ+13.7NMR+1.93WMR+2.4RM30.7RS+8.69RC+21.9ST+4.6SC.
B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
IJCIET/index.asp 795
Residuals Versus Fits For Two Lane Segments
Residuals Versus Order For Two Lane Segments
-19.5NB-5.5NMC+7.7NCS-
16.6NJ+13.7NMR+1.93WMR+2.4RM30.7RS+8.69RC+21.9ST+4.6SC.
B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
editor@iaeme.com
16.6NJ+13.7NMR+1.93WMR+2.4RM30.7RS+8.69RC+21.9ST+4.6SC.
8. Prediction of Road Accident Modelling For Indian National Highways
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
Table 1 Comparision
SL OBSERVED VALUES
1 14
2 5
3 1
4 2
5 2
6 8
7 32
8 25
9 22
10 0
11 17
12 7
13 7
14 54
15 15
16 8
The following fig 8 shows fourteen four
Minitab(17.0)software contains C1 as a dependent variable(Number of accidents) and
C2,C3……..C15 as a independent variables. In two lane road geometric segments only twelve
independent variabls was selected for regression input.
Figure 8 Accidents Along With Geometric Charcteristics On Four Lane Segments
f Road Accident Modelling For Indian National Highways
IJCIET/index.asp 796
Comparision of Observed and Predicted Number of Accidents
OBSERVED VALUES PREDICTD VALUES DIFFERENCE
11.601
0.19
0.72
6.67
0.92
2.75
5.3
16
26.2
26.5
22.6
3.3
10.66
45.87
14
2.6
wing fig 8 shows fourteen four lane segments road geometric characteristics on
Minitab(17.0)software contains C1 as a dependent variable(Number of accidents) and
a independent variables. In two lane road geometric segments only twelve
independent variabls was selected for regression input.
Accidents Along With Geometric Charcteristics On Four Lane Segments
f Road Accident Modelling For Indian National Highways
editor@iaeme.com
f Accidents
DIFFERENCE
2.399
4.81
0.28
4.67*
1.08
5.25
26.7
9
24.2
26.5
5.6
3.7
3.66
8.13
1
2
lane segments road geometric characteristics on
Minitab(17.0)software contains C1 as a dependent variable(Number of accidents) and
a independent variables. In two lane road geometric segments only twelve
Accidents Along With Geometric Charcteristics On Four Lane Segments
9. B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
Figure 9 Four Lane Segment Out Put Summary (
Figure 10 Four Lane Segment
B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
IJCIET/index.asp 797
Four Lane Segment Out Put Summary (Analysis)
Four Lane Segment Output Summary (Coefficents)
B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
editor@iaeme.com
Output Summary (Coefficents)
10. Prediction of Road Accident Modelling For Indian National Highways
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
Figure 11 Normal Probability Plot For Four Lane Segments
Figure 12
f Road Accident Modelling For Indian National Highways
IJCIET/index.asp 798
Normal Probability Plot For Four Lane Segments
12 Residuals versus Fits For Four Lane Segments
f Road Accident Modelling For Indian National Highways
editor@iaeme.com
Normal Probability Plot For Four Lane Segments
11. B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
Figure 13
EQUATION
Y=0+14.35CW-82.7SW+11.26NC27.3NB+3.44NMC25.5NMR+1.24WMR+56.9RM
21.2SC
Table 2 Comparision of Observed Predicted Accidents
SL NO OBSERVED VALUES
1 49
2 1
3 23
4 42
5 21
6 45
7 6
8 7
9 6
10 11
11 3
12 16
13 16
14 40
B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
IJCIET/index.asp 799
Figure 13 Residuals Versus Order For Four Lane Segments
82.7SW+11.26NC27.3NB+3.44NMC25.5NMR+1.24WMR+56.9RM-
Comparision of Observed Predicted Accidents
OBSERVED VALUES PREDICTED VALUES
49 46.8
0.2
23 18.8
42 43
21 17.5
45 42.6
9.4
6.2
6.3
11 13.5
2.8
16 19.2
16 12.3
40 39.5
B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
editor@iaeme.com
-5.6RS-43.1RC-13.1ST-
ERROR
2.2
0.8
4.2
1
3.5
2.4
3.4
0.8
0.3
2.5
0.2
3.2
3.7
0.5
12. Prediction of Road Accident Modelling For Indian National Highways
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Figure 14 Comparision of Observed and Predicted Number of Accidents of Two Lane Segments.
Figure 15 Comparision of Observed and Predicted Number of Accidents of Four Lane Segments
7. DISCUSSIONS
1. The model developed can be used for the highways having conditions similar to the study and can help
to take right decision in the direction of accidents management i.e. to decide and implement remedial
measures in the field of traffic safety.
2. For safety diagnosis and specially, identification of dangerous zones in network by ranking the sites by
their accident rates, the model can be very helpful.
3. The model can be used for evaluation of the effectiveness of a safety measure by comparing the
accident rates of two compatible samples of sites before and after the implementation and to predict
accidents, their nature, causes and pattern.
4. Also, the effect of various parameters like carriage width, shoulder width, number of minor roads,
number of curves etc; on the road traffic accidents can be studied with the help of model.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
A1
A2
A3
A5
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
A16
OBSERVED VALUES PREDICTED VALUES
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10B11B12B13B14
OBSERVED VALUES PREDICTED VALUES
13. B.Naga Kiran, Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and Dr. C. Sashidhar
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 801 editor@iaeme.com
5. More over, the results can act as a quick guideline for road network planning and the authorities
concerned with accident mitigation measures.
8. CONCLUSIONS
Accident prediction model (APM) is developed by using multiple regression analysis for NH-18 From
chainage 224.7(at Chagalamarri) To 359.9(at Kurnool) based on the factors influencing road accident.
For two lane segments the dependent variable used in the model is number of accidents(Y). The
independent variables used in the as Carriageway (CW),Shoulder width(SW),Number of curves(NC),
Number of bridges(NB),Number of minor culverts (NMC), Number of canals (NCS), Number of
junctions(NJ), Number of minor roads (MR),Width at minor roads (WMR), Road markings
(RM),Road signs (RS), Road condition (RC),Shoulder type(ST),Shoulder condition(SC), Land
use(LU).
The model developed from the above variables is
Y=-84.8+5.7CW-20.63SW+2.94NC-19.5NB-5.5NMC+7.7NCS-
16.6NJ+13.7NMR+1.93WMR+2.4RM30.7RS+8.69RC+21.9ST+4.6SC.
The coefficient of determination (R2
) obtained is 0.912.
1. For four lane segments the dependent variable used in the model is number of accidents(Y). The
independent variables used in the as Carriageway (CW),Shoulder width(SW),Number of curves(NC),
Number of bridges(NB),Number of minor culverts (NMC),Number of minor roads (MR),Width at
minor roads (WMR), Road markings (RM),Road signs (RS), Road condition (RC), Shoulder type(ST),
Shoulder condition (SC),Land use(LU).
The model developed from the above variables is
Y=0+14.35CW82.7SW+11.26NC27.3NB+3.44NMC25.5NMR+1.24WMR+56.9RM-5.6RS-43.1RC-13.1ST-
21.2SC.
The coefficient of determination (R2
) obtained is 0.979.
1. It has been clearly demonstrated that regression analysis has been successfully applied to formulate a
prediction model for system testing defects. By using statistical approach such as regression analysis,
the research can justify the reasons and significance of metrics from requirement, design and coding
phase in predicting defects for system testing. Moreover, it is also explained that in order to have a
good model, the prediction must fall between a defined minimum and maximum range so that it is
feasible to incorporate and implement defect prediction as part of software development process,
particularly test process.
2. Accident data from NHAI suggestion that there is a lack of proper in design of road and education to
road way safety. These weaknesses can be minimized through comprehensive corrective measures.
Local community initiatives to improve the conditions are very sparse and it is also conducted that
much greater effort, desirably with the support from international agencies and specialized institutes is
needed in combating the problem. Importantly, such effort would require considerable resources
particularly trained local personal, safety specialization and researchers so as to buildup indigenous
capacity and attain sustainable safety program.
3. It is suggested to further refine the model reported in this study using more number of variables (eg:
Traffic volume , Spot speed…..etc) to get a more realistic picture in predicting or forecasting accidents,
though accidents occurrence is random phenomenon and therefore we can not exactly predict future
trends by using any model or theory, but it is a very handy tool in the hands of planners and decision
makes to take remedial measures in advance by studying future trends using such models, to take
mitigation measures to minimize the accident rate to certain extent and to take other safety measures.
14. Prediction of Road Accident Modelling For Indian National Highways
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