This document discusses various types of pulse modulation techniques. It describes analog pulse modulation techniques including pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse duration modulation (PDM), and pulse position modulation (PPM). It also covers digital pulse modulation techniques such as pulse code modulation (PCM) and delta modulation. For each technique, it provides details on the generator, waveform, and advantages and disadvantages. In conclusion, it summarizes that different pulse modulation techniques were discussed along with how they are transmitted and their waveforms. It also reviews the advantages and disadvantages of these modulation methods.

1. Communication Systems
Topic :-
Pulse Modulation

2. Group # 05
Prepared By:-
Shehzad Hassan (14-EE-14)
Umair Ishfaq (14-EE-29)
Syed Massod Gillani(14-EE-35)

3. Types of Pulse modulation
Analog pulse modulation
 Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM)
 Pulse-duration modulation (PDM)
 Pulse-position modulation (PPM)
Digital pulse modulation
Pulse code modulation (PCM)
 Delta Modulation

4. Analog pulse
modulation

5. Pulse Amplitude Modulation
(PAM)
A modulation system in which amplitude of
discrete carrier signal changes in accordance with
the instantaneous amplitude of modulating
signal(message signal) keeping width and position
of carrier constant is called as PAM.

6. PAM Generator

7. Wave form of PAM

8. Advantages of PAM
Generation and detection is easy.
Disadvantages of PAM
Added noise cannot be removed easily as it has impact on
amplitude which carries information.
Transmission bandwidth is too large.

9. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
The modulation system in which width of the
discrete carrier signal changes in accordance with
the instantaneous amplitude of modulating
signal(message signal) keeping amplitude and
position of carrier constant is called as PWM.

10. PWM Generator

11. PWM Waveform

12. Advantages of PWM
1. Very good noise immunity.
2. Its possible to separate out signal from noise.
Disadvantages of PWM
1. Bandwidth requirement is large as compared to PAM.

13. Pulse Position Modulation
(PPM)
The modulation system in which position of
the discrete carrier signal changes in
accordance with the instantaneous
amplitude of modulating signal(message
signal) keeping amplitude and Width of
carrier constant is called as PPM.

14. PPM Generator

15. PPM Waveform

16. Advantage of PPM
 High noise immunity.
Disadvantage of PPM
 Generation and detection is complex.

17. Digital pulse
modulation

18. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
 It is the type of pulse modulation in
which the group of pulses or codes are
transmitted which represent binary
numbers corresponding to modulating
signal voltage.

19. PCM Generator

20. PCM waveform

21. Advantages of PCM
1. Secured.
2. Encoding is possible.
3. Very high noise immunity.
4. Convenient for long distance communication.
5. Good signal to noise ratio.
Disadvantages of PCM
1. Complex circuitry.
2. Requires large bandwidth.
3. Synchronization is required between transmitter &
receiver.

22. Delta modulation (DM)
 In PCM system ‘N’ no of binary digit are transmitted
per quantized sample which demand high signaling
rate and transmission bandwidth.

23. DM Generator

24. DM waveform

25. Advantages of DM
1. One bit code word for output.
2. Low signaling rate.
3. Low channel bandwidth.
Disadvantages of DM
1. Slope overload present.
2. Granular noise present.

26. Conclusion :
 In this presentation we learned about
different PULSE Modulation techniques
and saw how they are transmitted and we
also saw their waveforms.
 We also came across advantages and
disadvantages of these modulation
techniques.

27. Thank You