Pulmonary renal syndrome by Dr Bharat Rewaria Bharat Rewaria
by Dr Bharat Rewaria . 14 dec 2021
Pulmonary-renal syndrome refers to combination of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis .
Pulmonary renal syndrome by Dr Bharat Rewaria Bharat Rewaria
by Dr Bharat Rewaria . 14 dec 2021
Pulmonary-renal syndrome refers to combination of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis .
A detailed description of sarcoidosis, pulmonary in specific but also covering the other systems. a rare entity in india or a better way to say, often an overlooked disease.
This presentation is about pulmonary manifestations of systemic vasculitis,in it m discussing about WEGNER,S GRANULOMATOSIS, churg-strauss syndrome and MPA
download link : https://www.dropbox.com/s/xc0fpdul47g1gu8/IgA%20Nephropathy.ppt?m
Join us on our facebook group: NephroTube...............Follow our blog: www.nephrotube.blogspot.com
A detailed description of sarcoidosis, pulmonary in specific but also covering the other systems. a rare entity in india or a better way to say, often an overlooked disease.
This presentation is about pulmonary manifestations of systemic vasculitis,in it m discussing about WEGNER,S GRANULOMATOSIS, churg-strauss syndrome and MPA
download link : https://www.dropbox.com/s/xc0fpdul47g1gu8/IgA%20Nephropathy.ppt?m
Join us on our facebook group: NephroTube...............Follow our blog: www.nephrotube.blogspot.com
Early Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients is the best for helping early recovery, decreasing hospital stay and decreasing malnutrition in ICU
How? When? Formulas used? Access forms?
How is COPD and Nutrition Overlapped and Affecting Each Other
How to Solve the Problem as a Part of Pulmonary Rehabilitation
The Presentation is Discussing these items in the form of Problem Solving
What are the main sleeping disorders and what are the sleeping disorders related to respiratory system ? how to deal with it and how to diagnose and treat?
Pulmonary manifestation of systemic lupus
Prof Nabila Laz, head of chest department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University
First lupus day 16 October 2018
Pulmonary embolism - Diagnosis and managementDr Vivek Baliga
Pulmonary embolism is a common problem seen in medical practice. This presentation by Dr Vivek Baliga discusses the basic aspects and evidence behind current management.
Group of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases
Unknown etiology
Varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis.
Four types ( ATS/ERS-2013)
Chronic Fibrosing IIPs – IPFUIP and NSIP
Acute or sub acute IIPs – AIP and COP
Smoking related IIPs – RB-ILD and DIP desquamative
Rare IIPs - LIP and PPFE pleuro parenchymal fibro elastosis
Pulmonary/Thoracic Sarcoidosis by Dr. Malik Umer Farooq
What is pulmonary sarcoidosis? Sarcoidosis is a rare disease caused by inflammation. It usually occurs in the lungs and lymph nodes, but it can occur in almost any organ. Sarcoidosis in the lungs is called pulmonary sarcoidosis. It causes small lumps of inflammatory cells in the lungs.
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IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
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the scenario given at the start of ppt z nt interstitial lung diseases... its a similar diseases to it.... diagnose it urself to differniate it and hv better command over diffferntial diagnosis.
Smoking is the strongest environmental exposure, triggers citrullination of proteins in the lung. Citrullination: Amino acids catalyzed to citrulline which is attacked by the immune system
In Early-stage RA smoking may accelerates joint damage.
There is role of microbiome in RA development.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
2. Agenda
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome
A Rheumatologic Emergency
Classification
Characteristic Profile of Diseases
Mortality and Prognosis
Interesting Cases and Differential Diagnosis
Review of Clinical Management
Summary
3. A Rheumatologic Emergency
The term Pulmonary Renal Syndrome refers to the combination
of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and rapidly progressive
glomerulonephritis
There is a broad list of etiologies which can cause this syndrome
and significant number of patients will present with rapid clinical
deterioration and require admission to the intensive care unit
Presentation is variable and could be related to exacerbation of
the disease activity or to infectious complications secondary to
severe immunosuppressive treatment
Pulmonary–renal syndromes represent a major challenge since the
outcome is based on early and accurate diagnosis and aggressive
treatment and mortality can reach 25–50%
4. Presentation and Diagnostic Workup
Fever, cough and dyspnea, often acute or sub acute( <1wk)
Hemoptysis may be absent in 1/3 of patients
When hemoptysis is present, one must exclude infection, left heart
failure, severe mitral stenosis, pulmonary embolism and drug
exposure (PTU and Cocaine) as possible etiologies so thorough
history is extremely important
CXR and Chest CT show diffuse bilateral infiltrates often
impossible to differentiate form infection or acute pulmonary
edema
Early bronchoscopy is most helpful and serves two purpose,
document hemorrhage and exclude airway lesions as source of
bleeding and BAL fluid cultures exclude infection
5. DLCO, Exhaled Nitric oxide and Biopsy
TBBX specimen is small and unlikely to help establish diagnosis
VATS or open lung biopsy although invasive is more definitive
PFT testing particularly DLCO is helpful but impractical
modalities for sick patients
Increased intra alveolar hemoglobin binds NO and levels of NO
are decreased in exhaled breath. Decreased exhaled Nitric oxide is
a promising bedside test but not widely available
Patients presenting with pulmonary renal syndrome, renal biopsy
with IF has higher yield in identifying underlying cause
6. Basis of Classification
A variety of mechanisms are implicated in the pathogenesis of this
syndrome i.e. antibody mediated diseases, immune complex
mediated and others i.e. drugs
Underlying pulmonary pathology is small-vessel vasculitis involving
arterioles, venules and, frequently, alveolar capillaries
Underlying renal pathology is a form of focal proliferative
glomerulonephritis
Immunofluorescence helps to distinguish between antibody
mediated and immune complex mediated diseases
10. Antibody mediated Vs
Immune Complex Disease
Arch Bronconeumol. 2008;44(8):428-36
11. Renal Glomerulus with anti-GBM
Disease
Linear staining of the GBM by direct immunofluorescence microscopy
using an antibody specific for immunoglobulin G (Ig G)
14. Crescentic Glomerulonephritis in
Pauci immune Vasculitis
WG segmental fibrinoid
necrosis and cellular crescent
MPA: cellular crescent at the top
of the image and a small irregular
(red) focus of fibrinoid necrosis
15. Direct immunofluorescence of ANCA
Crescentic GN
Irregular staining of a large crescent by IF microscopy using an
antibody specific for fibrin
19. Reaching Diagnosis in Challenging
Cases
Hemoptysis and renal failure is not equivalent to
pulmonary renal syndrome
20. Evaluating PAH and Hematuria
Are you dealing with a systemic vasculitis Y/N
Is there evidence of oral and nasal inflammation Y/N
Any history of Asthma, eosinophila or paranasal sinus disease Y/N
Is there palpable purpra, arthritis or/and abdominal pain Y/N
Does patient has bilateral pulmonary infiltrates + bronchoscopy
with hemorrhagic BAL
Y/N
Oral and genital ulceration, uveitis and skin lesions Y/N
Is there history of D-penicillamine or PTU use or BMT Y/N
Risk factors for pneumonia with renal failure, in an
Y/N
immunosuppressed host (bacterial/viral or PCP)
Is there new congestive heart failure with prior hx renal disease Y/N
21. Evaluating PAH and Hematuria
Any evidence of MAHA (HUS/TTP): HPT, LDH, DAT,
Peripheral smear, Low PLT
Y/N
Possibility of a bleeding diathesis: DIC , Coags, coumadin Y/N
Is there nephrotic proteinuria Pulmonary Embolism Y/N
Serologies
Lupus: ANA, ENA, DsDNA, C3,C4
Pauci-Immune: ANCA, Pr3, MPO, AGBM
Immune complex Vasculitis: Cryo, RF, viral hepatitis
Antiphospholipid syndrome: DRVVT,CAB, B2GP1
Y/N
Tissue biopsy showing necrosis, vasculitis, granulomatous
inflammation
22. Case-1
Age/Sex 20 Male
Prior Hx Neurofibromatosis
Presentation Fevers, Respiratory distress, Hemoptysis
Laboratory Wbc 15, hb 8, plt 395, creat 0.8, Ur: rbc5, no cast, pr30mg
COAGS Normal ptt, inr, hpt, ldh
Chest X-ray Pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pl eff
Chest CT Bilateral opacities multilobar infection, ARDS. No PE
BAL/Bronch sub segmental blood clots, no fresh blood
Microbiology Legionalla and mycoplasma (neg), BAL : GS, Tb and
fungal negative
ECHO Not done
Immunology Negative NAB, NCAB,CAB. Positive AGBM
Biopsy Not done
36. Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Lupus nephritis flare with
pulmonary hemorrhage
TTP or HUS
End-stage renal disease with
congestive heart failure
Legionalla pneumonia
Nephrotic syndrome with
hypercoagulable state causing
a pulmonary embolus
Pulse steroids
Plasmapheresis
Broad spectrum antibiotics
IVIG
Cytoxan
Rituxan
IVIG
Cellcept
37. 6 lupus, 2 with alveolar hemorrhage and 1 with diffuse alveolar
damage (ARDS), 6/6 active lupus nephritis
2/3 lung pathology showed bland alveolar wall changes and
immune complex deposits
Patient with diffuse alveolar damage had invasive aspergillosis
All 3/6 with pulmonary complications died, 2/6 received pulse
steroids and 1 received cytoxan, No one received plasma exchange
39. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in SLE
510 lupus patients - 19 admissions for DAH ( 15 patients)
14/15 - lupus nephritis, 7/15 on monthly Cytoxan and prednisone
>20mg
Most episodes treated with pulse dose steroids, 10/19 IV Cytoxan
and 12/19 received plasmapheresis
53 % overall mortality ( concurrent infection 78%, no infection
20%, prior Cytoxan use 70%, poor prognostic factors Mech.
ventilation and infection
6/19 - Primary lung infection (HSV and Legionalla, CMV, staph)
Patients on Cytoxan, 4/6 (had primary infection versus only 2
patients among 8 who were not on Cytoxan)
3/19 episodes were associated with nosocomial infection (Ecoli,
MRSA and Candida)
Medicine Issue: Volume 76(3), May 1997, pp 192-202 , ZAMORA, MARTIN R. etal
40. Review of Treatment
Use of Immunosuppression and Plasma Exchange in PRS -
13 case series and 1 RCT
Goodpastures's Syndrome
Small Vessel Vasculitis
SLE
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Non Immunosuppressive Treatment Modalities in DAH
41. 71 patients with positive anti GBM antibody disease presented who
with pulmonary hemorrhage and rapidly progressive GN
Followed in three categories based on renal function at presentation
Creatinine <5.6mg/dl (<500mgUmol/l), n=19
Creatinine >5.6mg/dl(>500mgUmol/l) but no dialysis dependent, n=13
Dialysis dependent with in 72 hours, n=39
All treated with IS including oral prednisone 1mg/kg( or 60mg
max), Cytoxan (2-3mg/kg/day) for 2-3 months, No Pulse steroids
Plasma exchange (50ml/kg or 4L)daily for at least 14days
Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:1033-1042.
44. 20 pts with DAH and confirmed Pauci-immune SVV
17MPA, 2 WG,1 CSS at UNC
Treated with pulse dose steroids x3 days, 18/20 received
intravenous cytoxan (0.5g/m2) and plasmapheresis daily until DAH
improved, Mean number of apheresis 6( range 4-9)
Average time to admission and first exchange was 2 days
DAH had 100% response rate
14/20 (70%) had abnormal renal function on admission
Creatinine (4.5+/- 4.5)at baseline and on discharge 2.4=/- 0.8.
45. Clinical Parameters in SVV
American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Vol 42, No 6 (December), 2003
47. Study Design and Results
137 patients with ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis, biopsy
confirmed and creatinine >5.8mg/dl were randomized
One arm received seven plasma exchanges (n=70), second
arm received Pulse steroids (total 3g)
All received oral prednisone and Cyclophosphamide (details
not clear)
Renal survival follow up, HR for PE vs IVPS: 0.47(P+0.03)
Duration Pulse steroid Apheresis P value
3Month 49% 69% 0.02
12Month 43% 59% 0.008
50. Renal Function and Vasculitis
Activity
Adverse Effect Profile in Each Group were comparable
51. 7 lupus nephritis - 9 episodes DAH
Serologic evidence of flare and lung biopsy c/w IC deposits
Treated pulse dose steroids and IV Cytoxan (3/9) and oral
1mg/kg Cytoxan in 6/9 with no plasma exchange
Mortality 57%, higher mortality associated with infections PCP
and actinobacter, severe anemia at presentation and longer
duration of mechanical ventilation
52. 22 active lupus pts (SLEDAIs mean 12) who p/w respiratory
distress and hemoptysis and all in the early course of lupus
Preceding month of presentation there was rise in SLEDAI
and DLCO
19 received pulse steroids and cytoxan(500mg/m2), 11/22
received plasmapheresis(2-6 times) but no added benefit from
plasmapheresis
4/22 had concurrent infection
Mortality 36%
Semin Arthritis Rheum 33:414-421
53. Seminars in Arthritis andRheurnatism, Vo124, No 2 (October), 1994
Three patients with biopsy proven acute alveolar capillaritis
All patient received pulse dose steroids and IV cytoxan and
plasma exchange and 2/3 improved with first treatments
One patient also received IVIG for recurrent hemorrhage
Very favorable outcome with plasmapheresis but catious for
infection and procedure related complications which are
reported as high 67% and 12%
54. Primary APS can cause DAH and alveolar capillaritis through APL
antibody mediated endothelia cell activation in the absence of
thrombosis
All 4 patients with DAH treated with pulse dose steroids and IV
monthly cytoxan (0.5 -1 g) for three months, two responded well to
treatment
2/4 had recurrent pulmonary hemorrhage on switching intravenous
to oral cytoxan and initiated IVIG ( 400mg/kg x5 days)
Author also suggested empiric antibiotic coverage for infection
55. DAH of unclear etiology, negative auto antibodies and absence
of systemic vasculitis or concurrent infection (?IPH)
Recurrent hemorrhage non responsive to 10 daily treatments of
plasmapheresis and pulse steroids x 3d and transient response to
IV bolus of recombinant factor
Responded to 4 day course of IVIG( 2g/kg/d) and pulmonary
hemorrhage
8 days later readmitted for pulmonary embolism, treated with
heparin products without bleeding
56. 6 patients with DAH treated with intrapulmonary administration
of 50ug rFVIIa via BAL
DAH was attributed to sarcoidosis, WG, AIDs, AML and post
stem cell transplant
Complete and sustained hemostasis in 3/6 with single dose and
rest required second doses
Use of intravenous forms of rFVIIa is approved for hemophilia
59. Poor Prognostic Factors
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES October 2008 Volume 336 Number 4
60. Poor Prognostic Factors
Variable P value
Mean Age - 60y <0.05
Mean BUN - 53 <0.05
Low Hemoglobin -9.8% =0.05
Elevated WBC count -15.4 =0.05
Fio2 54% <0.05
ICU length of stay – 16days <0.05
Mech. Ventilator use <0.0001
Need for Blood transfusion <0.0002
Secondary infection <0.005
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES October 2008 Volume 336 Number 4
61.
62. Summary of Diagnostic Workup
It is a life threatening condition which requires
early intervention to prevent high mortality
Concurrent infection, severe anemia and long
mechanical dependence are poor prognostic
markers
Aim for an early bronchoscopy to document
hemorrhage and exclude infection
Biopsy (open lung or renal with IF) can be
extremely helpful and reassuring
63. Summary of Treatment
Common practice to use of Pulse dose steroids
and Cytoxan in life threatening renal and
pulmonary involvement
There is good data early use of plasma exchange
followed by IVIG in life threatening and
treatment resistant cases
Plasma exchange has been helpful in situations
with concomitant need for anticoagulation