PubChem and Its Applications for Drug DiscoverySunghwan Kim
PubChem is a public repository maintained by the NIH that contains over 243 million substance descriptions, 97 million unique chemical structures, and over 264 million biological activity test results. It serves as both a large data archive and knowledgebase. Programmatic interfaces allow for automated retrieval and integration of PubChem data into virtual screening pipelines. PubChemRDF encodes the data as RDF triples, enabling local storage and integration with other datasets using semantic web technologies.
This document provides an overview of several important protein databases:
- SWISS-PROT is an annotated protein sequence database that is maintained collaboratively and contains over 1.29 million entries. TrEMBL is a computer-annotated supplement to SWISS-PROT containing sequences not yet in SWISS-PROT.
- Structural databases like PDB, SCOP, and CATH provide protein structure information. PDB is an international repository for macromolecular structures. SCOP and CATH classify protein domains based on structural similarities and evolutionary relationships.
- Other databases mentioned include InterPro, GOA, Proteome Analysis, and GenBank, which provide functional annotation, gene ontology assignments, proteome analysis
The document discusses three major biological databases - NCBI, EMBL, and DDBJ. It states that NCBI houses databases including GenBank for DNA sequences and PubMed. EMBL was created in 1974 and operates sites in multiple countries, including the European Bioinformatics Institute. The DDBJ collects DNA sequences from Japanese researchers and exchanges data daily with EMBL and NCBI to maintain identical data.
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a repository for 3D biological macromolecular structures that includes proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses obtained primarily through X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Founded in 1971, it is currently managed by the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics and holds over 120,000 released structures. While originally using the PDB file format, newer formats like mmCIF and PDBML aim to make structure files more self-contained.
Phylogenetic Tree, types and Applicantion Faisal Hussain
Phylogenetic trees are diagrams that show evolutionary relationships between organisms. They depict how groups of organisms are genetically related based on similarities and differences in physical or genetic characteristics. Charles Darwin first published phylogenetic trees in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. Phylogenetic trees are used to understand human and animal origins, biogeography, traits, and disease. They can be rooted or unrooted, bifurcating or multi-furcating. Computational programs are used to construct phylogenetic trees based on criteria like efficiency, power, and consistency.
PubChem is a key chemical information resource at the National Center for Biotechnology Information that contains 247.3 million substance descriptions, 96.5 million unique chemical structures, and 237 million bioactivity test results. It organizes data into the Substance, Compound, and BioAssay databases. PubChem provides search and analysis tools for its extensive and growing collection of chemical and biological data.
GenBank, EMBL, and DDBJ are primary nucleotide sequence databases that collaborate to store publicly available DNA sequences. NCBI's GenBank is one of the largest primary sequence databases, containing over 240,000 organisms' sequences submitted from laboratories. PubMed and Entrez are literature and biomedical databases maintained by NCBI that allow users to search biomedical research articles and integrate related data from multiple sources. SRS is a sequence retrieval system developed by EBI that integrates over 250 molecular biology databases and allows complex queries across data sources.
SWISS-PROT- Protein Database- The Universal Protein Resource Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) is the central hub for the collection of functional information on proteins.
PubChem and Its Applications for Drug DiscoverySunghwan Kim
PubChem is a public repository maintained by the NIH that contains over 243 million substance descriptions, 97 million unique chemical structures, and over 264 million biological activity test results. It serves as both a large data archive and knowledgebase. Programmatic interfaces allow for automated retrieval and integration of PubChem data into virtual screening pipelines. PubChemRDF encodes the data as RDF triples, enabling local storage and integration with other datasets using semantic web technologies.
This document provides an overview of several important protein databases:
- SWISS-PROT is an annotated protein sequence database that is maintained collaboratively and contains over 1.29 million entries. TrEMBL is a computer-annotated supplement to SWISS-PROT containing sequences not yet in SWISS-PROT.
- Structural databases like PDB, SCOP, and CATH provide protein structure information. PDB is an international repository for macromolecular structures. SCOP and CATH classify protein domains based on structural similarities and evolutionary relationships.
- Other databases mentioned include InterPro, GOA, Proteome Analysis, and GenBank, which provide functional annotation, gene ontology assignments, proteome analysis
The document discusses three major biological databases - NCBI, EMBL, and DDBJ. It states that NCBI houses databases including GenBank for DNA sequences and PubMed. EMBL was created in 1974 and operates sites in multiple countries, including the European Bioinformatics Institute. The DDBJ collects DNA sequences from Japanese researchers and exchanges data daily with EMBL and NCBI to maintain identical data.
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a repository for 3D biological macromolecular structures that includes proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses obtained primarily through X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Founded in 1971, it is currently managed by the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics and holds over 120,000 released structures. While originally using the PDB file format, newer formats like mmCIF and PDBML aim to make structure files more self-contained.
Phylogenetic Tree, types and Applicantion Faisal Hussain
Phylogenetic trees are diagrams that show evolutionary relationships between organisms. They depict how groups of organisms are genetically related based on similarities and differences in physical or genetic characteristics. Charles Darwin first published phylogenetic trees in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. Phylogenetic trees are used to understand human and animal origins, biogeography, traits, and disease. They can be rooted or unrooted, bifurcating or multi-furcating. Computational programs are used to construct phylogenetic trees based on criteria like efficiency, power, and consistency.
PubChem is a key chemical information resource at the National Center for Biotechnology Information that contains 247.3 million substance descriptions, 96.5 million unique chemical structures, and 237 million bioactivity test results. It organizes data into the Substance, Compound, and BioAssay databases. PubChem provides search and analysis tools for its extensive and growing collection of chemical and biological data.
GenBank, EMBL, and DDBJ are primary nucleotide sequence databases that collaborate to store publicly available DNA sequences. NCBI's GenBank is one of the largest primary sequence databases, containing over 240,000 organisms' sequences submitted from laboratories. PubMed and Entrez are literature and biomedical databases maintained by NCBI that allow users to search biomedical research articles and integrate related data from multiple sources. SRS is a sequence retrieval system developed by EBI that integrates over 250 molecular biology databases and allows complex queries across data sources.
SWISS-PROT- Protein Database- The Universal Protein Resource Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) is the central hub for the collection of functional information on proteins.
Structural databases like PDB, CSD, and CATH contain 3D structural information of proteins, small molecules, and macromolecules determined through techniques like X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. These databases provide bibliographic data, atomic coordinates, and other details for each entry. PDB contains protein structures, CSD contains organic and metal-organic structures, and CATH classifies protein domains hierarchically. Structural databases have wide applications in structure prediction, analysis, mining, comparison, classification, structure refinement, and database annotation.
This document discusses multiple sequence alignment methods. It begins by explaining why sequence alignment is useful for identifying conserved patterns and inferring similar structure and function. It then covers principles of sequence alignment including how alignment can reveal homology. The document describes pairwise alignment methods like Needleman-Wunsch and Smith-Waterman algorithms and compares them to multiple sequence alignment. It also summarizes different computational approaches for multiple sequence alignment, including dynamic programming, progressive alignment using tools like CLUSTALW, and iterative refinement methods.
Databases pathways of genomics and proteomics Sachin Kumar
The document discusses several databases related to human metabolism and pharmacology. It describes the contents and purpose of each database, including the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), KEGG, MetaCyc, PubChem, ChEBI, DrugBank, the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), PharmGKB, and Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). These databases contain chemical, clinical, molecular biology, pathway, and genomic data on human metabolites, drugs, and targets.
The European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) is a molecular biology research institution supported by 22 member states. EMBL was created in 1974 and operates from five sites, performing basic research in molecular biology and molecular medicine. A key function of EMBL is the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database, maintained at the European Bioinformatics Institute, which incorporates and distributes nucleotide sequences from public sources as part of an international collaboration.
Protein Sequence, Structure, and Functional Databases: UniProtKB, Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL, PIR, MIPS, PROSITE, PRINTS, BLOCKS, Pfam, NDRB, OWL, PDB, SCOP, CATH, NDB, PQS, SYSTERS, and Motif. Presented at UGC Sponsored National Workshop on Bioinformatics and Sequence Analysis conducted by Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam on 9th and 10th October, 2017 by Prof. T. Ashok Kumar
Sequence homology search and multiple sequence alignment(1)AnkitTiwari354
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).[1]
Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
The document discusses biological databases that store and make available large datasets of biological data. It describes the aims of databases to store and communicate this data, make it available to scientists, and in a computer-readable format. The document classifies databases as primary, composite, or secondary. It provides details on the formats, availability, terminology, and examples of primary nucleotide sequence databases like GenBank, EMBL, and DDBJ. Derived databases and tools for sequence retrieval are also summarized.
Rashi Srivastava presented on the KEGG database in biotechnology. KEGG is a database that contains genomic, chemical, and systems information to understand biological functions from the molecular level up. It includes pathways, genes, compounds, diseases, drugs, and organisms. KEGG can be searched through its flat file format using DBGET or through its relational database format for more complex queries. It also contains the KEGG MEDICUS search tool and direct SQL searches of its relational database.
This document discusses scoring schemes, specifically the PAM (Percent Accepted Mutation) scoring matrix that is commonly used in bioinformatics to quantify the likelihood of amino acid substitutions in protein sequence alignments. It describes how PAM matrices with increasing numbers (e.g. PAM250) correspond to longer evolutionary distances and more amino acid mutations. The values in PAM matrices are derived from statistical analyses of large sets of related protein sequences to reflect the observed frequencies of different amino acid replacements.
The document discusses Prosite, a database of protein family signatures that can be used to determine the function of uncharacterized proteins. It contains patterns and profiles formulated to identify which known protein family a new sequence belongs to. The Prosite database consists of two files - a data file containing information for scanning sequences, and a documentation file describing each pattern and profile. New Prosite entries are mainly profiles developed by collaborators at the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics to identify distantly related proteins based on conserved residues.
The document describes EXPASY (Expert Protein Analysis System), a web server that provides access to databases and analytical tools for proteins and proteomics. It contains Swiss-Prot, Trembl, Swiss-2DPAGE, Prosite, Enzyme, and Swiss-Model Repository databases. Analysis tools are available for tasks like similarity searches, pattern recognition, structure prediction, and sequence alignment. EXPASY was created in 1993 as one of the first biological web servers and has since been expanded and maintained by the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics.
FASTA is a sequence alignment tool that was developed before BLAST. It uses a hashing strategy to find matches between k-tuples, or short stretches of identical residues, in query and target sequences. FASTA breaks sequences down into k-tuples and searches target databases to find similarities. While faster than dynamic programming, FASTA and BLAST may not find optimal alignments or true homologs.
Rasmol and Swiss-PDB viewer are molecular visualization tools that allow users to view and analyze protein structures. Rasmol can display molecules in various representations like wireframe, cylinders, or ribbons. It supports common file formats like PDB and can rotate, zoom, and translate structures. Swiss-PDB viewer is tightly integrated with homology modeling and allows users to build models, compare structures, and view electron density maps. It utilizes template structures from the PDB to generate models and assess their quality. Both tools provide publication-quality images and interactive visualization of biomolecular structures.
The CATH database hierarchically classifies protein domains obtained from protein structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. Domain identification and classification uses both manual and automated procedures. CATH includes domains from structures determined at 4 angstrom resolution or better that are at least 40 residues long with 70% or more residues having defined side chains. Submitted protein chains are divided into domains, which are then classified in CATH.
This document provides an introduction to biological databases and bioinformatics tools. It defines biological sequences and databases, and describes the types of bioinformatics databases including primary, secondary, and composite databases. Examples of specific biological databases like GenBank, EMBL, and SwissProt are outlined. Common bioinformatics tools for sequence analysis, structural analysis, protein function analysis, and homology/similarity searches are listed, including BLAST, FASTA, EMBOSS, ClustalW, and RasMol. Finally, important bioinformatics resources on the web are highlighted.
protein structure prediction methods. homology modelling, fold recognition, threading, ab initio methods. in short and easy form slides. after one time read you can easily understand methods for protein structure prediction.
SciFinder Scholar CAS Chemistry DatabaseLucia Ravi
An introduction to carrying out a simple search in this specialist chemistry database and refining results for uses of a drug in treatment and it's bioactive components.
Structural databases like PDB, CSD, and CATH contain 3D structural information of proteins, small molecules, and macromolecules determined through techniques like X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. These databases provide bibliographic data, atomic coordinates, and other details for each entry. PDB contains protein structures, CSD contains organic and metal-organic structures, and CATH classifies protein domains hierarchically. Structural databases have wide applications in structure prediction, analysis, mining, comparison, classification, structure refinement, and database annotation.
This document discusses multiple sequence alignment methods. It begins by explaining why sequence alignment is useful for identifying conserved patterns and inferring similar structure and function. It then covers principles of sequence alignment including how alignment can reveal homology. The document describes pairwise alignment methods like Needleman-Wunsch and Smith-Waterman algorithms and compares them to multiple sequence alignment. It also summarizes different computational approaches for multiple sequence alignment, including dynamic programming, progressive alignment using tools like CLUSTALW, and iterative refinement methods.
Databases pathways of genomics and proteomics Sachin Kumar
The document discusses several databases related to human metabolism and pharmacology. It describes the contents and purpose of each database, including the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), KEGG, MetaCyc, PubChem, ChEBI, DrugBank, the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), PharmGKB, and Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). These databases contain chemical, clinical, molecular biology, pathway, and genomic data on human metabolites, drugs, and targets.
The European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) is a molecular biology research institution supported by 22 member states. EMBL was created in 1974 and operates from five sites, performing basic research in molecular biology and molecular medicine. A key function of EMBL is the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database, maintained at the European Bioinformatics Institute, which incorporates and distributes nucleotide sequences from public sources as part of an international collaboration.
Protein Sequence, Structure, and Functional Databases: UniProtKB, Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL, PIR, MIPS, PROSITE, PRINTS, BLOCKS, Pfam, NDRB, OWL, PDB, SCOP, CATH, NDB, PQS, SYSTERS, and Motif. Presented at UGC Sponsored National Workshop on Bioinformatics and Sequence Analysis conducted by Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam on 9th and 10th October, 2017 by Prof. T. Ashok Kumar
Sequence homology search and multiple sequence alignment(1)AnkitTiwari354
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).[1]
Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
The document discusses biological databases that store and make available large datasets of biological data. It describes the aims of databases to store and communicate this data, make it available to scientists, and in a computer-readable format. The document classifies databases as primary, composite, or secondary. It provides details on the formats, availability, terminology, and examples of primary nucleotide sequence databases like GenBank, EMBL, and DDBJ. Derived databases and tools for sequence retrieval are also summarized.
Rashi Srivastava presented on the KEGG database in biotechnology. KEGG is a database that contains genomic, chemical, and systems information to understand biological functions from the molecular level up. It includes pathways, genes, compounds, diseases, drugs, and organisms. KEGG can be searched through its flat file format using DBGET or through its relational database format for more complex queries. It also contains the KEGG MEDICUS search tool and direct SQL searches of its relational database.
This document discusses scoring schemes, specifically the PAM (Percent Accepted Mutation) scoring matrix that is commonly used in bioinformatics to quantify the likelihood of amino acid substitutions in protein sequence alignments. It describes how PAM matrices with increasing numbers (e.g. PAM250) correspond to longer evolutionary distances and more amino acid mutations. The values in PAM matrices are derived from statistical analyses of large sets of related protein sequences to reflect the observed frequencies of different amino acid replacements.
The document discusses Prosite, a database of protein family signatures that can be used to determine the function of uncharacterized proteins. It contains patterns and profiles formulated to identify which known protein family a new sequence belongs to. The Prosite database consists of two files - a data file containing information for scanning sequences, and a documentation file describing each pattern and profile. New Prosite entries are mainly profiles developed by collaborators at the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics to identify distantly related proteins based on conserved residues.
The document describes EXPASY (Expert Protein Analysis System), a web server that provides access to databases and analytical tools for proteins and proteomics. It contains Swiss-Prot, Trembl, Swiss-2DPAGE, Prosite, Enzyme, and Swiss-Model Repository databases. Analysis tools are available for tasks like similarity searches, pattern recognition, structure prediction, and sequence alignment. EXPASY was created in 1993 as one of the first biological web servers and has since been expanded and maintained by the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics.
FASTA is a sequence alignment tool that was developed before BLAST. It uses a hashing strategy to find matches between k-tuples, or short stretches of identical residues, in query and target sequences. FASTA breaks sequences down into k-tuples and searches target databases to find similarities. While faster than dynamic programming, FASTA and BLAST may not find optimal alignments or true homologs.
Rasmol and Swiss-PDB viewer are molecular visualization tools that allow users to view and analyze protein structures. Rasmol can display molecules in various representations like wireframe, cylinders, or ribbons. It supports common file formats like PDB and can rotate, zoom, and translate structures. Swiss-PDB viewer is tightly integrated with homology modeling and allows users to build models, compare structures, and view electron density maps. It utilizes template structures from the PDB to generate models and assess their quality. Both tools provide publication-quality images and interactive visualization of biomolecular structures.
The CATH database hierarchically classifies protein domains obtained from protein structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. Domain identification and classification uses both manual and automated procedures. CATH includes domains from structures determined at 4 angstrom resolution or better that are at least 40 residues long with 70% or more residues having defined side chains. Submitted protein chains are divided into domains, which are then classified in CATH.
This document provides an introduction to biological databases and bioinformatics tools. It defines biological sequences and databases, and describes the types of bioinformatics databases including primary, secondary, and composite databases. Examples of specific biological databases like GenBank, EMBL, and SwissProt are outlined. Common bioinformatics tools for sequence analysis, structural analysis, protein function analysis, and homology/similarity searches are listed, including BLAST, FASTA, EMBOSS, ClustalW, and RasMol. Finally, important bioinformatics resources on the web are highlighted.
protein structure prediction methods. homology modelling, fold recognition, threading, ab initio methods. in short and easy form slides. after one time read you can easily understand methods for protein structure prediction.
SciFinder Scholar CAS Chemistry DatabaseLucia Ravi
An introduction to carrying out a simple search in this specialist chemistry database and refining results for uses of a drug in treatment and it's bioactive components.
This document provides recommendations for evidence-based resources to research the disease targeted by a drug. It suggests exploring UpToDate and DynaMed, which consolidate the latest research, evidence, guidelines, and expert opinions. UpToDate provides disease topic pages covering epidemiology, risk factors, and treatments. DynaMed allows keyword searching across medical journals and ebooks. The document advises beginning with a disease overview in these sources, noting related drugs sections. It also recommends limiting searches to focus on specific evidence types like systematic reviews or treatment guidelines relevant to understanding the disease the drug Peramivir targets, which is Influenza.
Medline is a highly selective database of medical literature produced by the US National Library of Medicine. It indexes reputable medical journals using controlled vocabulary terms called Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) to catalog articles. MeSH terms allow searching by concept and building complex search strategies with Boolean operators. Search results can be refined based on study type, population, and other limits.
DENT4104 Searching Medical Databases for EvidenceLucia Ravi
This document provides an overview of searching medical databases for evidence-based resources. It discusses guidelines for searching specialist medical databases to identify high-quality peer-reviewed literature. Students learn to develop effective search strategies using keywords, synonyms, Boolean operators and other search techniques. Examples are provided for searching PubMed and other databases, as well as for tracking citations through tools like Web of Science and Scopus. Homework involves practicing a search strategy and setting up workspaces to organize search results.
Protein structures can be aligned and compared using computational methods like structural alignment. Structural alignment finds the optimal rotation and translation that superimposes one protein structure onto another to maximize structural similarity. This is done by treating protein structures as sets of points defined by atom coordinates and finding the transformation that minimizes the root-mean-square deviation between corresponding atoms in the two structures. While useful, structural alignment has limitations like not accounting for differences in amino acid attributes and treating all atoms equally.
The document discusses various databases and resources for analyzing proteins and chemical compounds. It describes the Conserved Domain Database, which contains models of conserved protein domains and alignments. It also mentions CD tree, which allows viewing conserved domains. Other resources discussed include protein clusters, which group related protein sequences, and biosystems, which describe interacting biological components like genes and proteins. The document also provides information about PubChem, including the Compound, Substance, and BioAssay databases that contain chemical structures, sample descriptions, and biological screening results.
The Nucleic Acid Database provides structural references and a search engine for DNA and RNA structures. It depicts structures through systematic design based on biological data in tools like the RNA Viewer, Base Pair Viewer, and ATLAS. It also examines structures through innovative methods like the Musical Atlas, which uses musical algorithms to represent DNA structures as instrumental songs.
This document outlines the course content for a bioinformatics course covering 4 units:
Unit 1 introduces basic concepts of bioinformatics including proteins, DNA, RNA, and sequence, structure, and function.
Unit 2 covers major bioinformatics databases including those for nucleotide sequences, protein sequences, sequence motifs, protein structures, and other relevant databases.
Unit 3 discusses topics like single and pairwise sequence alignment, scoring matrices, and multiple sequence alignments.
Unit 4 covers the human genome project, gene and genomic databases, genomic data mining, and microarray techniques.
Protein databases can contain either sequence or structure information. Some key protein sequence databases include PIR, Swiss-Prot, and TrEMBL. PIR classifies entries by annotation level, Swiss-Prot aims to provide high annotation levels and interlink information, and TrEMBL contains all coding sequences with some entries eventually incorporated into Swiss-Prot. Important structure databases are PDB, which contains 3D protein structures, and SCOP and CATH, which classify evolutionary and structural relationships between protein domains.
This document provides information about several nucleotide and protein sequence databases including:
- INSDC (International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration) which includes GenBank, EMBL, and DDBJ.
- GenBank which contains over 80 billion nucleotide bases from 76 million sequences and doubles in size every 18 months. The top species represented are human, mouse, rat, cattle, and maize.
- EMBL and DDBJ which are similar to GenBank in content and format but maintained by different collaborations. Secondary databases like UniProt, PROSITE and PRINTS/BLOCKS provide additional annotation and analysis of sequences.
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is the single worldwide database that stores the 3D structural data of large biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. It contains data submitted by researchers from around the world. The PDB is operated by three member organizations and uses standardized file formats like PDB, mmCIF, and PDBML to store and represent structural data. Secondary databases categorize the PDB data in different ways, such as by structure, function, or evolutionary relationships. Visualization programs can be used to view PDB file contents. PDBWiki allows collaborative discussion and annotation of PDB structures, complementing the PDB's role as a primary data archive.
The document discusses several drug and medication databases:
- The FDA drug database contains information on drugs approved in the US since 1939 and allows searching by drug or ingredient name. It also includes drugs undergoing clinical trials.
- PubChem is an NIH database containing over 90 million chemical compounds and their biological properties. It can be searched by structure, name, and other properties.
- PubMed provides access to MEDLINE references and citations on biomedical topics from the National Library of Medicine.
- DrugBank combines drug and drug target data and contains over 9,500 drug entries including FDA-approved and experimental drugs. It is freely accessible online.
Introduction to health informatics : Research Questions Naz Torabi
This document provides an overview of conducting a literature review in health informatics. It discusses formulating a research question, identifying relevant resources like PubMed and Scopus, developing search strategies using keywords and MeSH terms, evaluating search results, and organizing findings to write a literature review. PubMed is described as a biomedical database that can be searched using MeSH or keywords to locate journal citations and abstracts. Steps for structuring a PubMed search around a sample question on the efficiency of St. John's wort for smoking cessation are outlined.
Evidence based medicine (frequently asked DNB theory question)Raghavendra Babu
This document summarizes evidence-based medicine (EBM) and its application in pediatrics. EBM involves systematically searching medical literature, critically appraising evidence, and applying results to practice. While EBM is growing in pediatrics, more adoption is still needed. The key steps of EBM are asking answerable clinical questions, searching efficiently using databases like PubMed and limiting to clinical trials, critically appraising evidence, and applying to practice. Resources like Cochrane Library provide high-quality systematic reviews and evidence syntheses to help pediatricians practice EBM.
Evidence-Based Health Care: A Tutorial Part 3chasbandy
This document discusses selecting appropriate evidence resources for answering clinical questions. It recommends first searching appraised resources that evaluate studies like the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and ACP Journal Club. Next, search larger databases like MEDLINE but add search filters to retrieve higher levels of evidence. Finally, check web resources like TRIP+ and Bandolier using simple searches. Several key appraised resources are described that synthesize evidence including DARE, Clinical Evidence, and UpToDate.
The document discusses the application of pharmacoinformatics and summarizes various drug information resources. It describes the history and purpose of drug information centers and services. Three main types of drug literature are discussed - tertiary, secondary, and primary literature. Examples are provided for each type of literature along with their descriptions and advantages/disadvantages. Common tertiary resources include textbooks, PDR, and Drug Facts and Comparisons. Index Medicus and IOWA Drug Information System are examples of secondary indexing and abstracting services. Primary literature refers to original research studies published in journals like JAMA and American Journal of Health System Pharmacy. Other references discussed include CD-ROM databases like DRUGDEX and POISONDEX as well
The document discusses the application of pharmacoinformatics and summarizes various drug information resources. It begins by outlining the history and purpose of drug information centers and services. It then describes different types of drug literature including tertiary, secondary, and primary sources. Several examples are provided for each type of literature along with their descriptions and considerations for evaluation. Common computer databases and other sources of drug information are also mentioned.
NLM for Health Sciences Student Session 4 – More from the NLM - Not Just PubMedmputerba
This document summarizes resources available through the National Library of Medicine beyond PubMed. It describes DailyMed, which provides FDA drug labels and labeling information. It also outlines the Drug Information Portal, which provides a gateway to selected drug information from NLM and other agencies. Additionally, it mentions MedlinePlus for reliable consumer health information and the Images from the History of Medicine collection of public domain images from NLM. Finally, it discusses international resources like Europe PMC, PubMed Central Canada, KoreaMed and mobile access to NLM resources.
Finding scholarly nursing articles in databasesForsyth Library
This tutorial demonstrates how to find full-text, scholarly articles in a variety of nursing databases available to students, staff and faculty of Fort Hays State University.
This document provides information on searching strategies and drug information resources. It begins by outlining various searching techniques for databases, including the use of wildcards
This document provides instructions for finding health sciences databases through the La Trobe University library. It outlines two methods: 1) searching by subject area, where you select "Health Sciences" and then a relevant sub-category to see a list of available databases; or 2) browsing directly to a specific database by clicking its first letter. For both methods, you can view more details about a database and then access it by agreeing to the terms and conditions. The document walks through examples of each search method.
The characteristics of the Ideal Source for practicing Evidence-Based Medicine are:-
Located in the clinical setting
Easy to use
Fast, reliable connection
Comprehensive /Full Text
Provides primary data
The document discusses drug information services and poison information services. It provides an introduction to these services, describing their purpose of providing clinically relevant information on drug use and poisoning to healthcare professionals and the public. It outlines the various resources available for drug information, including primary sources like clinical trials and case reports, secondary sources like reviews, and tertiary sources like textbooks. It also describes the functions of drug information centers, which include promoting rational drug use, providing patient consultations, adverse reaction reporting, and education. Regarding poison information services, it notes their goal is to reduce morbidity and mortality from poisoning by providing management recommendations through poison information centers available 24/7.
This document discusses various sources of drug information and a systematic approach for providing unbiased drug information. It describes primary, secondary, and tertiary resources. Primary resources include clinical trials and journal articles. Secondary resources are indexing and abstracting services like MEDLINE. Tertiary resources include textbooks, formularies, and drug compendia that summarize and synthesize information from multiple sources. The document emphasizes that tertiary resources are usually the best starting point for answering drug information questions.
Searching Databases to find Journal Articles Exercise Physiology 2014La Trobe University
This document provides an overview of searching library databases to find journal articles on exercise physiology. It discusses identifying citations, formulating searches, and searching specific library databases. The document outlines the library website and subject guides for exercise physiology and health databases. It describes citing books and journal articles and different search options through the library catalog, journals, and databases. The document also discusses formulating search questions, types of databases including citation, full-text, pre-appraised evidence and peer-reviewed databases, and how to search specific databases like PubMed and Scopus.
Assessing GtoPdb ligand content in PubChemChris Southan
The document discusses the content of ligands from the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY database (GtoPdb) that is contained within PubChem. It finds that GtoPdb ligands have extensive overlap with several other sources within PubChem, including patents, DrugBank, vendor structures, bioassays, and ChEMBL. This overlap allows users to find additional information on GtoPdb ligands from these complementary sources within PubChem.
Power Point Presentation By Patient Counseling Team, Alexandria, Egypt. Presented in February 2009. Divided in four parts. This is part 1.
For comments:
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you can post on the wall, or email the group admins.
1st meeting CoP embedding research - UWALucia Ravi
The document discusses establishing a community of practice (CoP) to embed research skills in curriculum design across units and courses at the University of Western Australia (UWA). It recommends auditing current opportunities for coursework students to engage with researchers and enhancing the teaching of research skills in all undergraduate majors and postgraduate coursework courses. The first meeting of the CoP will focus on introductions, discussing questions and issues in a world cafe format, and planning next steps including using Slack for communication and setting future meeting dates.
This document discusses setting up search alerts in EBSCO databases. It instructs the reader to select a topic of interest and perform a search on that topic in an EBSCO database. The reader is then told to set up an alert based on that search so that they will be notified when new articles on that topic are added to the database.
This document discusses setting up table of contents alerts and shows what a table of contents looks like on the ScienceDirect database. It contains the repeated text "ScienceDirect" with no other substantive information provided.
This document discusses how to set up an email alert for a specific journal in the Proquest database. It provides instructions for searching for a journal in Proquest and setting up an alert to receive new articles by email. The document also includes a link to the UWA library guide on setting up journal alerts to stay current with research.
Expanding research skills for population health honours students. The document outlines resources and databases for locating information, managing references, and staying up to date. It provides guidance on breaking down topics, developing search strings, using subject headings and limits, and citation searching. Databases highlighted include OneSearch, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and government sources. Activities guide students to apply the strategies through hands-on searches. Managing references and setting up alerts are also covered.
Finding Empirical Evidence, C: Guidelines and Protocols Lucia Ravi
This document discusses guidelines and protocols for clinical practice. Guidelines aim to provide overviews of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of conditions for clinicians to use. They suggest best practices but encourage further investigation. Protocols are generally promoted as core treatment methods and sometimes listed as point-of-care resources. The document instructs the reader to search a clinical practice resource on a topic of interest, evaluate its value, and check if guidelines and references underpinning decisions are easy to find.
Finding Empirical Evidence: D Search Strategy Tips Lucia Ravi
This document outlines a search strategy to investigate the risk factors, impacts, causes and context of unhealthy eating in Australia. It provides keywords and concepts related to nutrition, obesity, and epidemiology. Boolean logic operators and search techniques like truncation and phrase searching are described to construct an effective search string combining these concepts and filtering results to focus on the issue in an Australian context.
Finding Empirical Evidence: B: Hierarchy of evidenceLucia Ravi
The document discusses the hierarchy of evidence, which ranks different types of studies based on how reliably they can answer questions about causes and effects. Randomized controlled trials are at the top of the hierarchy as they can best establish whether a cause-effect relationship exists between an intervention and an outcome. Systematic reviews that synthesize multiple randomized trials provide the highest level of evidence for making clinical decisions and identifying gaps in research.
Finding Empirical Evidence, A: Grey LiteratureLucia Ravi
This document provides an overview of a workshop on finding empirical evidence for clinical epidemiology research. It discusses constructing effective search strategies, understanding hierarchies of evidence, and searching relevant medical resources and grey literature sources. Tips are provided on developing search terms and searching databases like AIHW, ABS, and WHO for grey literature on topics of interest.
The document provides an overview of how to find empirical evidence for clinical research projects, outlining key strategies and resources for developing effective search techniques and evaluating different levels of evidence, from systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines down to individual studies. It includes examples of searching databases such as MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library, as well as searching for grey literature and critically appraising the evidence found.
PHAR1101: Broadening Search in OneSearchLucia Ravi
This presentation aims to support PHAR1101 students in searching for general resources about their Drug Pioneer within the UWA Library OneSearch catalogue.
PsychINFO database searching, gender dysphoria 2017Lucia Ravi
A basic introduction to constructing a simple search within the the PsycINFO Database on the Ovid platform. Sample search on "Gender Dysphoria" as a topic created for the IMED1108, Sem2, 2017.
HealthMed Complete database searching, female fetus 2017Lucia Ravi
A basic introduction to constructing a simple search within the Health and Medical Complete Database. Sample search on "Female fetus" as a topic created for the IMED1108, Sem2, 2017.
Scopus database searching, topic or author search Aug2017Lucia Ravi
A short introduction to Scopus - one of the specialist citation tracking database provided through the UWA Library. Provides tips for constructing a topic and author search in Scopus and running some of the analysis reporting features availalbe.
"Hierarchies of Evidence" is an important but problematic concept for medical professionals to understand as it underpins their capacity to be effective practitioners and researchers.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Answers Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
PubChem Database
1. Developed by the National Centre for
Biotechnology (NCBI) this database provides
information on the biological activities of small
molecules.
Search tabs for BioAssay, Compound and Substance
data
Links to references in PubMed and the 3 core NCBI
source databases;
Detailed record for substances included drug
information, pharmacology and curated literature.
University Library
2. Start with search in UWA OneSearch for “PubChem”
and jump out to the database from there. Enter you search term into the PubChem
search box:
3. Here we see 4 search results identified as Compound data
4. Opening up the summary information of the first quickly
identifies the active drug as Perimiver
Clicking on “Drug Information” reveals and
reinforces the active agent is “Peramivir”
5. This was the 3rd
record in our 4
results.
Here are the sample links to Drug and
Pharmacological Information
6. Focus in on the Depositor Literature Links and Curated Content in Pubmed
The curated content in
particular can provide a
good starting point to
further research on your
active drug and its uses.
7. Explore other content areas for this compound
Some may be specifically useful to
answering chemistry questions
about your drug.