Freud's psychodynamic approach views abnormalities as arising from unconscious processes and intrapsychic conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. It proposes that fixation during psychosexual development stages like oral or anal can lead to disorders if a child is under or over gratified. Defence mechanisms like repression may form if conflicts cause anxiety, but if unsuccessful disorders may develop. While influential, weaknesses include its determinism, reductionism, and lack of scientific testability of concepts like the psyche's structures.
The historical development of Abnormal Psychology or Psychopathology is worth studying. The progressive as well as conservative steps have contributed to a balanced view of abnormal behavior.
Sigmund Freud and The Psychoanalytic Therapy 101Russell de Villa
Pretty much a 'simple' presentation showing the concept of Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory and a couple of techniques that come along with it. Used only for more 'advanced' learners in the field of Psychology.
This was presented on my Masteral Class on the subject: Seminar on Group Counseling and Psychotherapy. Feel free to edit, add your info, and even tweak the presentations to your desire.
Side-note: Pictures seen in the presentation are from artists from DeviantArt, Credit goes to all of them.
Nature of Cognitive Psychology & Current Trends
According to Neisser(1967), Cognitive Psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with how people acquire, store, transform, use and communicate information.
Cognitive Psychology deals with our mental life; what goes inside our heads when we perceive, attend, remember, think, categorize, reason, decide, and so forth.
The historical development of Abnormal Psychology or Psychopathology is worth studying. The progressive as well as conservative steps have contributed to a balanced view of abnormal behavior.
Sigmund Freud and The Psychoanalytic Therapy 101Russell de Villa
Pretty much a 'simple' presentation showing the concept of Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory and a couple of techniques that come along with it. Used only for more 'advanced' learners in the field of Psychology.
This was presented on my Masteral Class on the subject: Seminar on Group Counseling and Psychotherapy. Feel free to edit, add your info, and even tweak the presentations to your desire.
Side-note: Pictures seen in the presentation are from artists from DeviantArt, Credit goes to all of them.
Nature of Cognitive Psychology & Current Trends
According to Neisser(1967), Cognitive Psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with how people acquire, store, transform, use and communicate information.
Cognitive Psychology deals with our mental life; what goes inside our heads when we perceive, attend, remember, think, categorize, reason, decide, and so forth.
Overview of major theories of personality in psychology, including:
1) Freud's Psychoanalytic theory,
2) Car Jung's, Eysencks and Cattel's trait theories (includes details on both MBTI and Big5),
3) Skinner's, Bandura's and Rotter's Behavioural and Social Cognitive theories, and
4) Maslow's and Roger's Humanistic theories
This seminar consists of an introduction to child psychology followed by psychodynamic theories and its applicatioms followed by description and types of fear and anxietry followed by various behaviour rating scales and classification of behaviour
This presentation aims to make an individual understand about the development of Psychoanalytic theory, aspects related to it and specially more focus on the therapeutic approach.
It covers: Information about Sigmund Freud, Concepts given by him and about the Therapeutic approach.
4. The Psyche
The ID The SUPEREGO
•Pleasure principle •Moral principle
•Born with it •Develops around 5/6
•Libido – sexual •Child internalises
energy moral of society
•Fights with the •Fights with the ID
Superego ID SUPEREGO
EGO
The EGO
•Reality principle
•Develops in childhood
•Balances the demands of the ID and the moral rules of the SUPEREGO
5. Main Assumptions
Abnormalities are caused by...
1. Intra-psychic conflict (ego failing
to balance ID and SUPEREGO)
2. Overuse of defence mechanisms
3. Fixation during psychosexual
development
6. 1. Intra-psychic conflict
If within the psyche, the ego fails to balance the
demands of the ID and the SUPEREGO, conflicts may
arise and this can result in the development of
psychological disorders
If the SUPEREGO is not
If the ID is not kept in kept in check by the EGO –
check by the EGO – then the then a person deprives
person acts on their themselves of any sort of
immediate desires/impulses, desires (even socially
whatever they may be. accepted ones).
Can result in destructive Can result in anxious
behaviour, pleasurable acts behaviour, for example
and uninhibited sexual Obsessive Compulsive
behaviour Disorder
7. 2. Overuse of defence
mechanisms
If intra-psychic conflict occurs anxiety can
occur. In order to protect itself against this
anxiety, the EGO tries to balance the ID and the
SUPEREGO – to do this the EGO uses defence
mechanisms
Can you think of any
defence
mechanisms?
8. Defence Mechanisms
Repression
• Threatening impulses are pushed into the unconscious
Displacement
• Unacceptable drive is displaced from its primary
target to a more acceptable target
Denial
• Refusal to accept that a particular event has
occurred
9. Defence Mechanisms
Defence Mechanisms protect our conscious
self from the anxiety produced by the
unconscious intra-psychic conflict – it this
is unsuccessful, the anxiety may reveal
itself through clinical disorders e.g.
Phobias, anxiety disorders
10. 3. Fixation during Psychosexual
Development
Freud believed that children goes through a
series of stages where the instinctive energy
of the ID looks for gratification from
different areas of the body – erogenous
zones.
If a child is under or over gratified at any
stage the child may become ‘fixated’ and this
could affect their adult behaviour
11. Oral Stage
• Birth to 18 months
• Pleasure from mouth (via eating and drinking)
Anal Stage
• 18 months to 3 years
• Pleasure from anus (via withholding or expelling faeces)
Phallic Stage
• 18 months to 4/5 years
• Gender differences are noticed – child relates to same sex parent
Latency Stage
• 4/5 years to adolescence
• Sexual drives lay dormant
Genital Stage
• Adolescence
• Sexual urges reawaken, interest turns to relationships
12. How would the psychodynamic
approach investigate abnormality?
Case Studies
Much of Freudian theory of
psychoanalysis was based on
case studies
What is a case study?
An in-depth, detailed investigation of an individual or group. It would
usually include biographical details, as well as details of behaviours or
experiences of interest to the researcher.
What is the problem with using case studies?
Difficult to generalise
Often uses retrospective data
13. Influential
The Psychodynamic approach to
psychopathology has influenced many
treatments, e.g. Dream analysis, free
association
This is a strength because many
therapies/treatments based on the
psychodynamic approach are still used
today to help people
14. Deterministic
For example, according to this
approach, if someone was
overindulged or deprived at a
psychosexual stage of development
than they would develop an
abnormality
This is a weakness because the approach
suggests our behaviour is ruled by our
unconscious processes only and ignores
free will
15. Reductionist
For example, it suggests that
the complex mental disorders
are caused solely by our
experience as a child
This is a weakness because it ignores the
role of other factors in the development
of mental illness, such as adult
experience
16. Unscientific
For example, concepts such as the ID,
EGO, and SUPEREGO and processes
such as repression etc cannot be
scientifically tested
This is a weakness because it means that
many concepts proposed cannot be
directly observed and measured and the
theory proven or disproven
17. Key terms / Buzz words
Deterministic Retrospective Defence
Mechanism
Unconscious Repression
The Psyche Conflict
Fixation
ID
Reductionist Psychosexual
Childhood Case Studies stages
EGO Unscientific
SUPEREGO
Little Hans
Influential
Anna O