Sigmund Freud developed the psychoanalytic approach to personality, which viewed unconscious motivations as influencing behavior. Freud proposed three parts of personality: 1) The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking instant gratification of needs. 2) The ego acts rationally according to reality, balancing the id's desires. 3) The superego incorporates societal morality and ideals, judging the id and ego. Freud believed personality is determined by unconscious drives related to basic instincts for life, death, and sexuality. Psychoanalysis examines repressed memories and wishes through techniques like free association.

1. THE PSYCHOANALYTIC
APPROACH
PART-I
Dr. Maheshbabu.N
Asst Professor
SDM College, Ujire
Email: madhu.pratihasta@gmail.com

2. Short biography of Sigmund
Freud
 May 6, 1856 – Sigmund Freud Was Born In Freiberg Town,
Czech Republic
 1881 – He Graduated From Medical Faculty, University Of
Vienna
 Moved to Vienna in 1860 until 1938.
 Vienna exciting place of opportunity and optimism. In 1867,
Jews granted political rights and accepted into society.
• Freud assimilated, identifying as a German.
 About the time he was 15, liberal political atmosphere
evaporated and anti-Semitism became virulent, shattering
assimilation
 Graduated from University of Vienna medical school with strong
interest in research but quickly married and realized only
private practice would provide needed financial support.

3.  Published well received scholarly papers on
neurological disorders.
 1900 – He Released ‘Interpretation Of
Dreams’
 Outbreak of WW II forced him to flee to
London, where he died a year later in 1939.
 In 2006 the house in which Freud was born
renamed it as Stalin square to Freud square
and later opened as a museum.

4. Personality theory according to
Freud
Personality is defined as follows:
Our characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective proposed that childhood sexuality and
unconscious motivations influence personality.
Freud called his theory and associated techniques psychoanalysis.
Unconscious-large below the surface area which contains thoughts,
wishes, feelings and memories, of which we are unaware.
Free association-the patient is asked to relax and say whatever comes to
mind, no matter how embarrassing or trivial.

5. Overview of psychoanalysis
 A set of philosophical of human nature
 Psychoanalysis was the first formal theory of
personality .
 Psychoanalysis is both an approach to therapy
and a theory of personality
 Emphasizes unconscious motivation – the main
cause of behavior lie in unconscious mind

6.  View of human nature
 DETERMINISTIC
 Life is about gaining pleasure and avoiding pain
 HUMAN AS ENERGY SYSTEM
 Freud believe that human are motivated by the
unconscious, where the Id is found along with the
aggression and sex instincts

7.  According to Freud all mental illness is a result
of nurture but not nature
 “What makes people do things?”
 Answer: MOTIVATION
 Needs motivate human behaviour
 (food, shelter, clothing…)

8.  Being deprived of a need arouses a feeling called a
DRIVE OR DESIRE.
 Haiti
 Animals respond instinctively, humans learn various
ways to respond.
 Human motivation explains the reasons why people
behave the way they do.
 People have DRIVES OR DESIRES in the back of their
minds
 i.e: Will to live, will to die
 Some of these desires cause people to behave
irrationally.

9. Instincts..
 Instincts, are the basic elements of the
personality, the motivating forces that drive
behavior and determine its directions.
 Instincts are a form of energy – transformed
physiological energy – that connects the
body’s needs with the mind’s wishes.
 It directs to take a certain actions
 (hunger, thirst)
 Freud theory can be called a homeostatic
approach

10.  Types of instincts
 Life instincts and death instincts
 Life instincts serve the purpose of survival of the
individual and the species by seeking to satisfy
the needs for food, water, air and sex
 Death instincts,
 The unconscious drive toward decay,
destruction and aggression.
 Aggressive drive, the compulsion to destroy,
and kill

11. Levels of personality
 The Id is a powerful structure of the
personality bcoz it supplies all the energy for
the other two components
 Id is the responsible of direct satisfaction of
bodily needs.
 Tension – food
 The id operates in accordance with freud
called the Pleasure principle.
 Id functions to increase pleasure and avoid
pain

12.  The id strives for immediate satisfaction of its
needs and does not tolerate delay or
postponement of satisfaction for any reason.
 Instant gratification
 It has no awareness of reality
 Id is the responsibility of direct satisfaction of
bodily needs.
 The ways the id can attempt to satisfy its needs
by reflex action, & fantasy experiences –
Freud labeled as primary thoughts

13.  The ego is the rational master of personality.
 Indirectly it controls the id needs because, it
determines appropriate and socially acceptable
times, places and objects that will satisfy the id
impulses.
 It directs us to behave intelligently and rationally to
the outside world and to develop the power of
perception, recognition and memory –
 Freud called these abilities secondary process
thought
 Ego does not prevent id satisfaction, rather it tries
to postpone in terms of demands of reality

14.  The Super ego works for moral perfection
 The presses for satisfaction, the ego tries to
postpone it and the superego urges morality
above all.
 SUPEREGO- unconscious part of the mind
that acts as our conscience. Reminds us of
what we should do.

16. Another way of looking