Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalytic theory in the late 19th/early 20th century. His theories revolutionized understanding of mental life and human behavior by exploring concepts like the unconscious mind, early sexuality development, and psychological illnesses. Freud proposed structural theories including the id, ego and superego; libido (drive) theory; and the topographical theory of the conscious, preconscious and unconscious levels of the mind. He also developed the theory of narcissism to explain self-love and its role in development. These theories aimed to explain mysteries of the human mind like the enduring effects of past experiences and the role of drives like sex and aggression in behavior.

1. BY, MISS. ANJALI SUNIL
SHEKOKAR

2. • "No body of knowledge approaches psychoanalytic
theory in terms of its capacity to explain the mysteries of
the human mind."
- GLEN O. GABBARD on
'Psychoanalysis' in Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of
Psychiatry.

3. • Psychoanalytic theory was developed by Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939).
• Psychoanalytic theory revolutionized the understanding
of mental life and human behavior.
• Freud's theories helped in understanding early
development of sexuality and mental functioning in the
infant and adult psychological illnesses.

4. 1. Structural Theory
2. Libido (Drive) Theory
3. Topographical Theory of mind
4. Theory of Narcissism

5. • "In mental life, nothing which has once been formed can
perish…everything is somehow preserved and…in suitable
circumstances…it can once more be brought to light.” (Freud,
1930)
• Freud's structural theory postulated the existence of the id,
ego, and superego.
• Id:
• First to develop
• Completely unconscious
• Contains all drives
• Ruled by pleasure principle
• No awareness of reality

6. • Ego:
• Second structure to develop
• Operates on reality principle
• Mediates conflict among id, ego, and superego
• Provides reality testing
• Monitors quality of interpersonal relations
• Provides synthesis and coordination
• Carries out primary autonomous functions
• Defends against anxiety
• Superego:
• Third structure to develop
• Self-criticism based on moral values
• Self-punishment
• Self-praise based on ego ideal
• Most functions are unconscious
• Conflict is the main concept of structural theory.

7. • Libido theory assumes that biological “needs” (drives)
fuel behavior.
• The aim of behavior is to gratify the drive.
• Drives are either sexual or aggressive in nature.
• The libido theory explains that the sexual instinct plays
an etiological role in the neuroses and that sexual
stimulation exerts a predominant force (which is called
libido) on mental activity throughout life.
• The discharge of libido is experienced as pleasure.

8. • Topographical theory explains three regions of mental
functioning or systems of the mind exist as defined by
their relationship to conscious thought:
• the conscious,
• preconscious, and
• unconscious.

9. • Conscious level of mind refers to the portion of mental
activity and content that is directly available to immediate
perception.
• Preconscious level of mind refers to mental content and
processes that are not conscious but can be readily
accessed by the direction of attention.
• Unconscious level of mind refers to a set of mental
processes and content that operates outside conscious
awareness.

10. • Narcissism refers to excessive love or admiration of
oneself or self-love.
• The term also refers to the erotic pleasure derived from
contemplation or admiration of one's own body or self,
especially as a fixation on or a regression to an infantile
stage of development.
• Freud explained his theory of narcissism in his seminal
paper "On Narcissism: An Introduction"
(Freud, 1914 ).
• Freud explains primary and secondary narcissisms,
which emerge in normal human development.

11. • Primary narcissism refers to a the state in which the
desire and energy that drives one’s instinct to survive.
• Secondary narcissism occurs when the libido withdraws
from objects outside the self, above all the mother,
producing a relationship to social reality that includes the
potential for megalomania.
• Problems in the transition from one to the other can lead
to pathological narcissistic disorders in adulthood.

12. • Conclusions
• There have been many revisions and additions to
psychoanalytic theories since Freud's time.
• Freud's theories explains the concepts of love, hate,
childhood, family relations, civilization, sexuality, fantasy,
conflicting emotions etc.

13. • References
• Psychiatry, Third Edition. Edrs. Allan Tasman, Jerald Kay,
Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Michael B. First and Mario
Maj.John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008.
• Freud S.(1914). On narcissism: An introduction. SE, 14:
67-102.

14. Thank You