This document provides an overview of psychoanalysis and its development. It discusses how psychoanalysis emerged from 18th century intellectual movements and was further influenced by 19th century thinkers. The document then focuses on Sigmund Freud and his development of psychoanalytic theory, including his concepts of the id, ego, and superego; psychosexual stages; and defense mechanisms. It also notes some common criticisms of psychoanalysis and Freud's theories.

1. Psychoanalysis
Author: Eagleton
Presentation made by
Ronald Simoes
Psychoanalysis 1

2. 18 Century
th

Enlightenment or Age of Reason was an elite
cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century
Europe that sought to mobilize the power of reason
in order to reform society and advance knowledge.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau. "Man is born free, but is
everywhere in chains".

Immanuel Kant - We do not see true reality, nor do
we speak of it. All we know of reality is
appearances.
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3. 19th Century

Evolution – Charles Darwin

Free market – Adam Smith

Marxism – Marx
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4. 19th and 20th century

Friedrich Nietzsche

Hegel

Auguste Comte ( positivism)

George Eliot – writer-Use of psychological insight

Émile Durkheim

Arthur Schopenhauer - Metaphysical analysis of
will, his views on human motivation and desires.

Freud – Psychology

Max Weber - Anti-positivism
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5. Freud

The motive of human society is in the last resort an
economic one. ( need to labour)

We repress our tendencies to pleasure and
gratification.
Freud - Internal Marx - External
Need to work - Need to work – social
psychical life terms
Represssed desires - Concious about
uncouncious reality
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6. Id, Superego and Ego Sublimation:
Transfer desire
to more socially
valued end
Repression
Sick: neurosis
Pleasure principle Reality principle
Id Super Ego
EGO EGO
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7. Defense Mechanisms
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8. Only penis Freud's Psychosexual Stages

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvOoYX45G_0
At this moment,
a person might become
narcissistic
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9. Lacan and Freud
Infant's development
No clear distication between
object and subject, itself
and the external world.
Freud: Pre-oedipal stage
Lacan: Imaginary
Lacks any defined center of
self.
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10. Oedipus and Electra complex

Oedipus complex is for Freud the beginnings of
morality, conscience, law and all forms of social
and religious authority.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvOoYX45G_0

1:29

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BA35ys91QJU
How does this commercial contradict the classical
Oedipus complex?
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11. Girls develops penis envy –
Electra complex
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12. Problems

What are the possible problems for this model
(Oedipus complex)?

Sexist?

Psychoanalysis as a medical practice is a form of
social control? Labeling individuals as “normal” or
not.

Justifies capital relations?

Only one model?

Indigenous societies with a 3rd gender? Western-
centered?
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13. Concious and uncouncious

Both emerges form the Oedipus complex. The
subject is split.
Dreams represent the
symbolic fulfilment.
Not expressed directly
Because it might be shocking.
(Symbolic texts)
parapraxes
unaccountable slips of the
Dreams aren't the only acess tongue
to the unconcious.
mislaying
Failure of memory
jokes
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misreadings

14. Neurosis
Obsessions ( Obsessive-compulsive disorder)
Ex: Having to touch every green color
Hysteria (in which anxiety may be discharged
through a physical symptom)
Ex: Developed a paralyzed arm for no good organic
reason.
Phobias
Ex: Being unreasonably afraid of something, like open
spaces.
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15. Internal and external relations
Alternative delusional
Reality
Uncouncious overcome
Internal Ego
Conflicts
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16. Eros and Thanatos
Eros is the drive of life, love,
creativity, and sexuality, self-
satisfaction, and species
preservation.
Thanatos, from the Greek word for
"death" is the drive of aggression,
sadism, destruction, violence, and
death.
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17. Psychoanalytical reading of the novel
Content analysis: looking at what is said rather than
how it is said.
Subtexts
It is divided into four kinds depending on what it takes
as its object of attention:
1) Author of the work
2) Work's contents
3)Formal construction
4) The reader
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18. Critics
Kristeva - patriarchal sexual and social order
Transcendental signifier of the phallus dominated by
the law which the father embodies.
The language of the semiotic as a means
of undermining the symbolic order
Semiotic is fluid and plural. It is not an alternative to
the symbolic order. It is a process within our
conventional sign-systems, which questions and
transgresses their limits.
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19. Id, Superego and Ego
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20. Thank you!
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