This document provides an overview of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan's theories of psychoanalysis. It discusses Freud's major works on the conscious and unconscious mind, interpretation of dreams, and the id, ego and superego. For Lacan, the unconscious is shaped by language and the discourse of others, rather than dark impulses. Lacan also described three stages of development: the imaginary stage, the mirror stage, and the symbolic stage defined by language acquisition. The document notes some differences between Freud and Lacan's views, such as whether sex or affection comes first, and whether the unconscious is full of impulses or the discourse of others. Finally, it discusses how their theories can be applied to understanding the

1. Freud & Lacan
Presented by:
Ram Shankar Yadav
Kathmandu University
School of Education
Nepal

2. Sigmund Freud
 Father of psychoanalysis
 Psychoanalysis is the interpretation of
human psyche,
 Major works on
- the conscious and unconscious mind
- Interpretation of dreams
- Id ,Igo and supper igo
- Object relation theory
- Life and death instincts

5.  Father of psychoanalysis
 Psychoanalysis is the interpretation of
human psyche
 He used the term “object” as signifying
to wards which Libido is directed for
the purpose of obtaining sexual release

6.  He published an essay called
interpretation of dream
 Freud considered dreams the main
outlet for repressed desires.
 Unconscious is the store room of dark
impulses
 Consciousness is the tip of the iceberg
which is only ten percent is visible,

7.  Infantile state where desire remains
unsublimated so that he/she also
affected though they become adult is
termed as Sin qua non of mental
health by Freud.

8. Lacan
 French thinker
 Linguistic mechanism of reading
human psyche,
 He argues that human unconcious is
not full of dark impulses rather it is
full of discourse of others. Eg. Cat is
cat because there is rat.

9.  I think that you think there is me
therefore I am- lacan says.

10. Three stages of life
according to Lacan
 Imaginary stage the stage of wholeness, or
totality
 Mirror stage the stage of split/ mirrors
himself and herself
 Symbolic stage the stage of post- language
acquisition stage

11. Differences between Freud & Lacan
Frued
Lacan
• Sex comes first , and
attachment after ward……..
•Affection comes first, and
sex afterward……
• He argues that sexual
relation ships are major
components of human
health and happiness…
• Unconscious is full of dark
impulses
• It needs but not necessarily
………………………
• Unconscious is full of
discourse of other or lets say
full of condensations….

12. Connection with Literature
When we connect these
views with literature, the aim
is to know the psyche of the
text
Because these human
instincts are revealed
through text

13. Thank you