This document provides an overview of psychoanalytic criticism as an approach to literary analysis. It discusses some key concepts in psychoanalytic theory from Sigmund Freud, including the structural model of the psyche consisting of the id, ego, and superego. Freud's psychosexual stages of development and the Oedipus complex are also summarized. The document then discusses how psychoanalytic criticism can be used to interpret literature by analyzing symbols and archetypes to understand the author's unconscious desires and motivations. Examples are provided of different types of psychoanalytic criticism including Freudian, Jungian, and Lacanian approaches. Learning outcomes focus on identifying key psychoanalytic terminology and using Freudian psychoanalytic criticism to critique texts.
This document provides an overview of Japanese literary genres, including examples. It discusses short stories, novels, non-fiction works like personal narratives, autobiographies and essays. It also covers drama genres like comedy and tragedy, as well as poetry, folk literature including fairy tales and myths, graphic novels, and more. A wide variety of authors and their works are exemplified for each genre.
Pre colonial philippine literature introduction eng7ArchieDaguimol
Introduction to Philippine Literature during the pre-colonial period. This presentation provides a brief overview of how Literature emerged and flourished in ancient Philippine times. It includes a brief outline of the different literary forms that have been early adapted and used by the Filipino ancestors through oral tradition.
Compilation Of Philippine literature during Pre-Spanish and Spanish ColonizationJ. Svlle
During the pre-Spanish period, the Philippines had its own indigenous literature as seen in folktales, legends, folk songs, epics, and other oral traditions that showed Filipino customs and culture. Our ancestors also had their own writing system before the Spanish introduced the Roman alphabet. When the Spanish colonized the Philippines in the 16th century, they sought to convert the natives to Christianity and imposed Spanish language and culture. Spanish missionaries collected and translated ancient Filipino works. Religious themes then dominated literature, and Spanish influences included use of the Roman alphabet, Christian doctrines, and Spanish words. Some of the earliest printed books in the Philippines were Christian texts and translations of biblical stories.
SPANISH AND PRE-COLONIAL TEXT PHILIPPINE LITERATUREgesha027
The document summarizes Spanish colonial and pre-colonial Philippine literature. It discusses how Spanish colonization beginning in 1521 influenced the development of written literature in local languages. Works included devotional Catholic texts and poems. Secular works like novels and poems addressing social issues emerged later. Pre-colonial literature existed through oral traditions like riddles, proverbs, myths, and epics. Various regions developed their own literary forms which reflected local cultures and beliefs. Spanish rule established the foundations for a written Philippine literature tradition while early oral traditions survived alongside new influences.
During the Spanish period in Philippine literature from 1565-1872:
1. Literature flourished under Spanish colonial rule and was heavily influenced by Spanish language, religion, and genres.
2. The first books published were Christian doctrines and folk stories translated into local languages like Tagalog.
3. Poetic forms like folk songs, plays, and narrative poems became popular, addressing themes of love, passion, and Christianity.
This document defines Philippine literature and discusses its various forms and genres. It begins by defining literature as the expression of human ideas, thoughts, and emotions. It then discusses the different types of prose like novels, short stories, plays, legends, and essays. It also outlines the major types of poetry like narrative, lyric, and dramatic poetry. Within these categories it provides examples of specific genres like epics, ballads, sonnets, odes, and tragedies. The document aims to comprehensively outline the forms and concepts within Philippine literature.
The document provides an overview of Japanese literature, including some of its key characteristics and historical periods. It discusses early works like the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, which were chronicles sponsored by the imperial court. Poetry forms that developed included tanka, renga, haiku and others that were influenced by Japanese phonology and themes of nature. Literary periods included the Nara period marked by court sponsorship, later periods of isolation and engagement with other cultures, and tensions between traditional and innovative styles.
The document provides an overview of Philippine literature during the Spanish colonial period. It discusses the genres that flourished at the time, including balagtasan (poetic debates), corrido (metrical romances), awit (heroic poems), pasyon (passion narratives), and zarzuela (musical comedies). It also summarizes the key differences between the Propaganda Movement, which sought reforms through literature, and the Revolutionary Movement, which used literature like the newspaper Kalayaan to inspire revolt against Spanish rule. Major figures associated with each movement, such as Rizal, Del Pilar, Bonifacio, and Mabini, are also briefly mentioned.
This document provides an overview of Japanese literary genres, including examples. It discusses short stories, novels, non-fiction works like personal narratives, autobiographies and essays. It also covers drama genres like comedy and tragedy, as well as poetry, folk literature including fairy tales and myths, graphic novels, and more. A wide variety of authors and their works are exemplified for each genre.
Pre colonial philippine literature introduction eng7ArchieDaguimol
Introduction to Philippine Literature during the pre-colonial period. This presentation provides a brief overview of how Literature emerged and flourished in ancient Philippine times. It includes a brief outline of the different literary forms that have been early adapted and used by the Filipino ancestors through oral tradition.
Compilation Of Philippine literature during Pre-Spanish and Spanish ColonizationJ. Svlle
During the pre-Spanish period, the Philippines had its own indigenous literature as seen in folktales, legends, folk songs, epics, and other oral traditions that showed Filipino customs and culture. Our ancestors also had their own writing system before the Spanish introduced the Roman alphabet. When the Spanish colonized the Philippines in the 16th century, they sought to convert the natives to Christianity and imposed Spanish language and culture. Spanish missionaries collected and translated ancient Filipino works. Religious themes then dominated literature, and Spanish influences included use of the Roman alphabet, Christian doctrines, and Spanish words. Some of the earliest printed books in the Philippines were Christian texts and translations of biblical stories.
SPANISH AND PRE-COLONIAL TEXT PHILIPPINE LITERATUREgesha027
The document summarizes Spanish colonial and pre-colonial Philippine literature. It discusses how Spanish colonization beginning in 1521 influenced the development of written literature in local languages. Works included devotional Catholic texts and poems. Secular works like novels and poems addressing social issues emerged later. Pre-colonial literature existed through oral traditions like riddles, proverbs, myths, and epics. Various regions developed their own literary forms which reflected local cultures and beliefs. Spanish rule established the foundations for a written Philippine literature tradition while early oral traditions survived alongside new influences.
During the Spanish period in Philippine literature from 1565-1872:
1. Literature flourished under Spanish colonial rule and was heavily influenced by Spanish language, religion, and genres.
2. The first books published were Christian doctrines and folk stories translated into local languages like Tagalog.
3. Poetic forms like folk songs, plays, and narrative poems became popular, addressing themes of love, passion, and Christianity.
This document defines Philippine literature and discusses its various forms and genres. It begins by defining literature as the expression of human ideas, thoughts, and emotions. It then discusses the different types of prose like novels, short stories, plays, legends, and essays. It also outlines the major types of poetry like narrative, lyric, and dramatic poetry. Within these categories it provides examples of specific genres like epics, ballads, sonnets, odes, and tragedies. The document aims to comprehensively outline the forms and concepts within Philippine literature.
The document provides an overview of Japanese literature, including some of its key characteristics and historical periods. It discusses early works like the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, which were chronicles sponsored by the imperial court. Poetry forms that developed included tanka, renga, haiku and others that were influenced by Japanese phonology and themes of nature. Literary periods included the Nara period marked by court sponsorship, later periods of isolation and engagement with other cultures, and tensions between traditional and innovative styles.
The document provides an overview of Philippine literature during the Spanish colonial period. It discusses the genres that flourished at the time, including balagtasan (poetic debates), corrido (metrical romances), awit (heroic poems), pasyon (passion narratives), and zarzuela (musical comedies). It also summarizes the key differences between the Propaganda Movement, which sought reforms through literature, and the Revolutionary Movement, which used literature like the newspaper Kalayaan to inspire revolt against Spanish rule. Major figures associated with each movement, such as Rizal, Del Pilar, Bonifacio, and Mabini, are also briefly mentioned.
This document provides biographical information about Filipino poet Jose Garcia Villa and discusses his style and use of reversed consonance and comma poems. It then explains what a sonnet is - a 14 line poem with a specific rhyme scheme. The document concludes by presenting Villa's Sonnet 1 in full, which explores the qualities of a beautiful poem through descriptive imagery.
The document summarizes three prominent periods in the Philippine literary timeline: pre-colonial times, the Spanish occupation, and the American era. It provides details on forms of oral literature that existed during pre-colonial times, including riddles, proverbs, folk songs, folk tales, and epics. It notes that indigenous culture survived through resistance and isolation from colonial powers. During the Spanish occupation, imposition of Catholicism altered traditional beliefs, though some oral traditions continued. The American era saw the introduction of English and more widespread literacy.
Shs core 21st century literature from the philippines and the world cgDeb Homillano
This document provides an overview of the curriculum for a course on 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World. The course is divided into two quarters. The first quarter focuses on literature from the different regions of the Philippines, examining works from the region where the school is located as well as canonical Filipino authors. Students will analyze and interpret literary texts and adapt works into other creative forms using multimedia. The second quarter covers literature from various parts of the world, including works from Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, and Africa. Students will continue practicing close analysis of texts and relating them to their historical and cultural contexts.
The document summarizes Philippine literature during the periods of the Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970), Activism (1970-1972), and the New Society (1972-1980). It describes the proliferation of newspapers and magazines after WWII and notes influential writers and their works. It also discusses the growth of activism in the 1970s, major Palanca award winners, and the role of theater, music, radio and television during the New Society period under martial law.
The key elements of poetry include rhythm, meter, stanza, rhyme, rhyme scheme, theme, symbolism, and imagery. Rhythm refers to the stressed and unstressed syllables that create musicality. Meter is the basic structural pattern of syllables in each line. A poem is organized into stanzas of lines that have a consistent meter or rhyme pattern. Rhyme is the repetition of similar sounds within the poem. The rhyme scheme establishes the pattern of rhyming lines. A poem's theme conveys its central idea. Symbolism and imagery allow poets to represent ideas in a non-direct manner that engages the senses.
Philippine literature during the spanish periodDenzel Flores
Spanish colonization of the Philippines began in 1565 during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. Literature flourished under Spanish rule, with works published in Spanish and translations to Tagalog. Some of the earliest works printed include the Doctrina Christiana catechism of 1593. National hero Jose Rizal was influential for his realistic novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which criticized Spanish colonial abuses. Rizal also wrote poems that encouraged nationalism like Mi Ultimo Adios. Other notable works from this period include Florante at Laura, Ibong Adarna, and folk songs.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture and society. It discusses the early settlers of the Philippines, including Negritos arriving 15,000-30,000 BC and Proto-Malays arriving around 2500 BC. It describes the social structure, with different tribal groups and warrior societies emerging by 1000 BC. Pre-colonial Filipinos had their own systems of writing, religions, housing, clothing, and forms of government centered around independent barangays led by datus. Social classes included a petty nobility, freemen, and slaves.
Philippine Literature Under The RepublicCasey Miras
This document provides biographical information on several Filipino authors who were writing during the period of 1946-1985 in the Philippines. It discusses the works and themes of authors such as Alberto S. Florentino, known for his play "The World is an Apple" which portrayed the struggles of everyday Filipinos. It also mentions Macario Pineda, a Tagalog fiction writer who wrote short stories set in the Philippine countryside, and Alejandro Abadilla, referred to as the "father of modern Philippine poetry" who challenged traditional forms. The document summarizes novels by Genoveva Matute and Francisco Arcellana that focused on issues of land reform and peasant struggles. Emmanuel Torres' poetry collection "
The House on Zapote Street is one of the works of Nick Joaquin a.k.a. Quijano de Manila. Kisapmata is the title of the film of the House on Zapote Street
- Jose Garcia Villa was a renowned Filipino poet born in 1914 who introduced new techniques to poetry like reversed consonance rhyme and extensive use of punctuation. He was awarded the title of National Artist of the Philippines.
- The poem "Proem" discusses Villa's philosophy that the meaning of a poem is symbolic rather than based on the words, and that a poem's purpose is to caress rather than convey thoughts or have meaning.
- "Sonnet I" lists qualities a poem must have to be magical, musical, bright, slender, hold fire and wisdom, kneel like a rose, and allow God to hover over it with a smile.
The document summarizes the development of Philippine literature from the Spanish colonial period through the American colonial period in the early 20th century. It describes how literature was written in Spanish, Tagalog and other local languages initially, but then transitioned to English as the Americans established English as the primary language of education. It outlines the three periods of Philippine literature in English - the Period of Re-Orientation from 1898-1910 as English was introduced, the Period of Imitation from 1910-1924 as writers imitated American and British styles, and the Period of Self-Discovery and Growth from 1925-1941 as Filipino writers established their own voices in English.
The Japanese colonial period in the Philippines promoted the rise of Filipino literature by prohibiting English works and allowing only literature written in Filipino. Filipino poetry during this time was influenced by Japanese poetry and typically featured themes of nationalism, life in rural villages, faith, and the arts. Examples included haiku poems about nature and tanaga poems that used metaphors and similes to describe agricultural life, beauty, and the hot season.
Pre-colonial Text and Spanish Colonial Textryukigil
This document provides an overview of pre-colonial and Spanish colonial Philippine literature. It describes various pre-colonial literary forms like riddles, proverbs, folktales, and epics that were composed and shared orally. During Spanish colonization, native writers began producing religious poetry and drama in Tagalog to teach Catholic doctrine. Notable works included the earliest versions of the Pasyon and Senakulo. Secular works like awits, koridos, and prose narratives were also written. The first books published in the Philippines were religious texts like the Doctrina Christina and Barlaan at Josefat, which was the first Tagalog novel.
Here are the answers to the questions:
1. Litera
2. Paragraph
3. Verse
4. Short story
5. Novel
6. Lyric poetry
7. Narrative poetry
8. Dramatic poetry
9. Elegy
10. Narrative poetry
This document provides an overview of Japan, including its flag, geography, population, climate, culture, and traditions. The Japanese flag features a red circle representing the sun on a white background, symbolizing peace and honesty. Japan consists of several thousand islands including Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku. The country has over 125 million residents and experiences frequent earthquakes. Japanese culture incorporates Shinto and Buddhist traditions as well as seasonal festivals and weddings involving both traditional and modern customs.
The document summarizes Philippine pre-colonial literature from before 1564 up until the Spanish colonization. It discusses how pre-colonial literature was orally transmitted and covered topics of common experience. Forms included riddles, proverbs, songs, poems, narratives, dances and epics. Indigenous culture was preserved through resistance, isolation or using perishable materials. The literature expressed Filipino wisdom and identity prior to colonial influences.
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, Spanish colonizers introduced the Roman alphabet and banned the native Alibata script. They also brought European literature and established the first printing presses. This period saw the development of oral literature, religious drama, songs, and poetry in Tagalog as a form of resistance. The American period was characterized by the introduction of free public education in English, which led to the emergence of a new educated class and literature in English, including novels, short stories, poems, and works that imitated American models. Significant works during this time included Banaag at Sikat, the first Tagalog novel, and "How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife", one of the earliest short stories in
The document provides an overview of world literature and civilization. It begins by discussing how early humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers before settling down to form permanent agricultural settlements along rivers, marking the emergence of civilization. It then covers the development of culture and social institutions like family, education, economy, politics, and religion. The document also discusses different forms and classifications of literature, as well as the roles of literature in civilization. Specific details are given about ancient Near East civilizations like Sumer, Babylon, and the Code of Hammurabi. The document concludes by summarizing aspects of Chinese civilization such as its philosophy, beliefs, literature, and famous poets like Li Bai.
This document discusses characteristics of pre-colonial Philippine literature such as chants, proverbs, songs, and folk narratives that were passed down orally before Spanish colonization. It provides examples of different folk literary genres that depict Philippine culture, including folktales about trickster character Juan and animals, fables featuring cunning monkeys, legends explaining natural phenomena, and creation myths about how people came to be.
Indigenous Psychology: Incorporating “Culture” in Psychology ResearchHora Tjitra
Executive Summary based on the paper “Indigenous, cultural, and cross-cultural psychology: A theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological analysis” ( Uichol Kim, 2000).
Explaining the different perspective in culture-oriented research in psychology.
This document discusses constructivist theory and its implications for research on foreign language methodology. It argues that constructivism provides a framework for linking qualitative, ethnographic research with cognitive research on foreign language acquisition. Constructivism views contexts and mental processes holistically and sees perception as the construction of meaning in educational and cultural contexts. The document advocates for qualitative research methods in addition to quantitative methods to better account for individual learners' interpretations and mental constructions of reality in different contexts. It explores how constructivism can inform research on topics like concept formation, attitudes, and subjective theories.
This document provides biographical information about Filipino poet Jose Garcia Villa and discusses his style and use of reversed consonance and comma poems. It then explains what a sonnet is - a 14 line poem with a specific rhyme scheme. The document concludes by presenting Villa's Sonnet 1 in full, which explores the qualities of a beautiful poem through descriptive imagery.
The document summarizes three prominent periods in the Philippine literary timeline: pre-colonial times, the Spanish occupation, and the American era. It provides details on forms of oral literature that existed during pre-colonial times, including riddles, proverbs, folk songs, folk tales, and epics. It notes that indigenous culture survived through resistance and isolation from colonial powers. During the Spanish occupation, imposition of Catholicism altered traditional beliefs, though some oral traditions continued. The American era saw the introduction of English and more widespread literacy.
Shs core 21st century literature from the philippines and the world cgDeb Homillano
This document provides an overview of the curriculum for a course on 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World. The course is divided into two quarters. The first quarter focuses on literature from the different regions of the Philippines, examining works from the region where the school is located as well as canonical Filipino authors. Students will analyze and interpret literary texts and adapt works into other creative forms using multimedia. The second quarter covers literature from various parts of the world, including works from Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, and Africa. Students will continue practicing close analysis of texts and relating them to their historical and cultural contexts.
The document summarizes Philippine literature during the periods of the Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970), Activism (1970-1972), and the New Society (1972-1980). It describes the proliferation of newspapers and magazines after WWII and notes influential writers and their works. It also discusses the growth of activism in the 1970s, major Palanca award winners, and the role of theater, music, radio and television during the New Society period under martial law.
The key elements of poetry include rhythm, meter, stanza, rhyme, rhyme scheme, theme, symbolism, and imagery. Rhythm refers to the stressed and unstressed syllables that create musicality. Meter is the basic structural pattern of syllables in each line. A poem is organized into stanzas of lines that have a consistent meter or rhyme pattern. Rhyme is the repetition of similar sounds within the poem. The rhyme scheme establishes the pattern of rhyming lines. A poem's theme conveys its central idea. Symbolism and imagery allow poets to represent ideas in a non-direct manner that engages the senses.
Philippine literature during the spanish periodDenzel Flores
Spanish colonization of the Philippines began in 1565 during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. Literature flourished under Spanish rule, with works published in Spanish and translations to Tagalog. Some of the earliest works printed include the Doctrina Christiana catechism of 1593. National hero Jose Rizal was influential for his realistic novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which criticized Spanish colonial abuses. Rizal also wrote poems that encouraged nationalism like Mi Ultimo Adios. Other notable works from this period include Florante at Laura, Ibong Adarna, and folk songs.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture and society. It discusses the early settlers of the Philippines, including Negritos arriving 15,000-30,000 BC and Proto-Malays arriving around 2500 BC. It describes the social structure, with different tribal groups and warrior societies emerging by 1000 BC. Pre-colonial Filipinos had their own systems of writing, religions, housing, clothing, and forms of government centered around independent barangays led by datus. Social classes included a petty nobility, freemen, and slaves.
Philippine Literature Under The RepublicCasey Miras
This document provides biographical information on several Filipino authors who were writing during the period of 1946-1985 in the Philippines. It discusses the works and themes of authors such as Alberto S. Florentino, known for his play "The World is an Apple" which portrayed the struggles of everyday Filipinos. It also mentions Macario Pineda, a Tagalog fiction writer who wrote short stories set in the Philippine countryside, and Alejandro Abadilla, referred to as the "father of modern Philippine poetry" who challenged traditional forms. The document summarizes novels by Genoveva Matute and Francisco Arcellana that focused on issues of land reform and peasant struggles. Emmanuel Torres' poetry collection "
The House on Zapote Street is one of the works of Nick Joaquin a.k.a. Quijano de Manila. Kisapmata is the title of the film of the House on Zapote Street
- Jose Garcia Villa was a renowned Filipino poet born in 1914 who introduced new techniques to poetry like reversed consonance rhyme and extensive use of punctuation. He was awarded the title of National Artist of the Philippines.
- The poem "Proem" discusses Villa's philosophy that the meaning of a poem is symbolic rather than based on the words, and that a poem's purpose is to caress rather than convey thoughts or have meaning.
- "Sonnet I" lists qualities a poem must have to be magical, musical, bright, slender, hold fire and wisdom, kneel like a rose, and allow God to hover over it with a smile.
The document summarizes the development of Philippine literature from the Spanish colonial period through the American colonial period in the early 20th century. It describes how literature was written in Spanish, Tagalog and other local languages initially, but then transitioned to English as the Americans established English as the primary language of education. It outlines the three periods of Philippine literature in English - the Period of Re-Orientation from 1898-1910 as English was introduced, the Period of Imitation from 1910-1924 as writers imitated American and British styles, and the Period of Self-Discovery and Growth from 1925-1941 as Filipino writers established their own voices in English.
The Japanese colonial period in the Philippines promoted the rise of Filipino literature by prohibiting English works and allowing only literature written in Filipino. Filipino poetry during this time was influenced by Japanese poetry and typically featured themes of nationalism, life in rural villages, faith, and the arts. Examples included haiku poems about nature and tanaga poems that used metaphors and similes to describe agricultural life, beauty, and the hot season.
Pre-colonial Text and Spanish Colonial Textryukigil
This document provides an overview of pre-colonial and Spanish colonial Philippine literature. It describes various pre-colonial literary forms like riddles, proverbs, folktales, and epics that were composed and shared orally. During Spanish colonization, native writers began producing religious poetry and drama in Tagalog to teach Catholic doctrine. Notable works included the earliest versions of the Pasyon and Senakulo. Secular works like awits, koridos, and prose narratives were also written. The first books published in the Philippines were religious texts like the Doctrina Christina and Barlaan at Josefat, which was the first Tagalog novel.
Here are the answers to the questions:
1. Litera
2. Paragraph
3. Verse
4. Short story
5. Novel
6. Lyric poetry
7. Narrative poetry
8. Dramatic poetry
9. Elegy
10. Narrative poetry
This document provides an overview of Japan, including its flag, geography, population, climate, culture, and traditions. The Japanese flag features a red circle representing the sun on a white background, symbolizing peace and honesty. Japan consists of several thousand islands including Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku. The country has over 125 million residents and experiences frequent earthquakes. Japanese culture incorporates Shinto and Buddhist traditions as well as seasonal festivals and weddings involving both traditional and modern customs.
The document summarizes Philippine pre-colonial literature from before 1564 up until the Spanish colonization. It discusses how pre-colonial literature was orally transmitted and covered topics of common experience. Forms included riddles, proverbs, songs, poems, narratives, dances and epics. Indigenous culture was preserved through resistance, isolation or using perishable materials. The literature expressed Filipino wisdom and identity prior to colonial influences.
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, Spanish colonizers introduced the Roman alphabet and banned the native Alibata script. They also brought European literature and established the first printing presses. This period saw the development of oral literature, religious drama, songs, and poetry in Tagalog as a form of resistance. The American period was characterized by the introduction of free public education in English, which led to the emergence of a new educated class and literature in English, including novels, short stories, poems, and works that imitated American models. Significant works during this time included Banaag at Sikat, the first Tagalog novel, and "How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife", one of the earliest short stories in
The document provides an overview of world literature and civilization. It begins by discussing how early humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers before settling down to form permanent agricultural settlements along rivers, marking the emergence of civilization. It then covers the development of culture and social institutions like family, education, economy, politics, and religion. The document also discusses different forms and classifications of literature, as well as the roles of literature in civilization. Specific details are given about ancient Near East civilizations like Sumer, Babylon, and the Code of Hammurabi. The document concludes by summarizing aspects of Chinese civilization such as its philosophy, beliefs, literature, and famous poets like Li Bai.
This document discusses characteristics of pre-colonial Philippine literature such as chants, proverbs, songs, and folk narratives that were passed down orally before Spanish colonization. It provides examples of different folk literary genres that depict Philippine culture, including folktales about trickster character Juan and animals, fables featuring cunning monkeys, legends explaining natural phenomena, and creation myths about how people came to be.
Indigenous Psychology: Incorporating “Culture” in Psychology ResearchHora Tjitra
Executive Summary based on the paper “Indigenous, cultural, and cross-cultural psychology: A theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological analysis” ( Uichol Kim, 2000).
Explaining the different perspective in culture-oriented research in psychology.
This document discusses constructivist theory and its implications for research on foreign language methodology. It argues that constructivism provides a framework for linking qualitative, ethnographic research with cognitive research on foreign language acquisition. Constructivism views contexts and mental processes holistically and sees perception as the construction of meaning in educational and cultural contexts. The document advocates for qualitative research methods in addition to quantitative methods to better account for individual learners' interpretations and mental constructions of reality in different contexts. It explores how constructivism can inform research on topics like concept formation, attitudes, and subjective theories.
Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand opinions, experiences, and meanings. It focuses on exploring issues, generating hypotheses, and understanding phenomena in context rather than testing predetermined hypotheses. This document provides an overview of different qualitative research methods including basic interpretive studies, phenomenological studies, grounded theory studies, case studies, ethnographic studies, narrative analysis, critical qualitative research, and postmodern research. Examples are provided for each method to illustrate how they have been applied. Strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research are also discussed.
Introduction, Aim, Objectives and Scope of Cross Cultural PsychologyBilal Anwaar
This document provides an introduction to cross-cultural psychology, including its aim, objectives, and scope. Cross-cultural psychology compares human psychology across cultural groups and examines both differences and universals. It aims to study cultural differences and similarities using research methods, and applies findings in fields like clinical and organizational psychology. Key objectives include testing theories across cultures, understanding cultural variations, integrating results into a universal psychology, and exploring phenomena in cultural contexts. The scope of cross-cultural psychology broadly covers topics related to development, cognition, gender, emotion, language, personality, psychopathology, self and identity, social behavior, and its applications.
The Critical Realist Philosophy of Science of Cultural PsychologyJanithaCharuni
Culture is a dynamic group of individuals that share a similar context, are exposed to many similar cultural messages, and contain a broad range of different individuals who are affected by those cultural messages in divergent ways.
A Brief History Of Social Psychology And Its Contribution To Health In MalawiJoshua Gorinson
Social psychology aims to understand how individuals think and behave in social contexts. The document discusses the history and potential contributions of social psychology in Malawi. It describes 3 stages in the development of psychology in developing countries: 1) Attempting to assimilate western studies, 2) Emphasizing positive cultural attributes through a western lens, 3) Independent assessment of social realities without comparison to the west. The document also outlines 5 "modes" of social psychology observed in Malawi: rejuvenation, refutation, realization, reconstitution, and restatement. Finally, it discusses how social psychology could help understand factors influencing health behaviors and messages in Malawi.
Sujay Structured Apperception tests for socio-cultural change FINAL FINAL FIN...Sujay Rao Mandavilli
1. The document proposes new techniques called "Structured apperception techniques" to assess socio-cultural change using scientific apperception tests.
2. It reviews existing tests like Thematic Apperception Tests and projective tests but argues they are outdated and Eurocentric.
3. The author proposes adapting the core concepts of apperception and projective tests to develop new tests tailored for assessing 21st century socio-cultural change across cultures.
Origins and development of indigenous psychologies.pptx14yenyen12
This document discusses the origins and development of indigenous psychologies from an international perspective. It describes how indigenous psychologies have developed in many countries and cultures over the last 30 years as an alternative to mainstream Western psychology. Indigenous psychologies aim to develop psychological theories and approaches that are grounded in their own social and cultural contexts rather than solely relying on Western frameworks. The document also examines some of the key characteristics and approaches of indigenous psychologies.
Qualitative research aims to describe life experiences from the perspective of those involved in order to gain insights into nursing practice. There are several approaches to qualitative research including phenomenological research, grounded theory research, ethnographic research, autoethnography, exploratory descriptive qualitative research, and historical research. Phenomenological research seeks to describe lived experiences to understand phenomena from the participants' perspective. Grounded theory research develops theories grounded in data from participants to interpret experiences at an abstract level. Ethnographic research provides a framework for studying cultures by spending extensive time in a setting and observing from an insider's perspective.
Psychological, Sociological, Economical foundations of education, and educati...HennaAnsari
Educational psychology deals with human behavior and learning processes in educational situations. It seeks to understand learning by applying scientific principles to describe, predict, and control behavior. Educational psychology aims to discover the nature of learning, individual differences, inner changes during learning, relationships between teaching and outcomes, and effective evaluation techniques. Educational sociology studies the relationship between education and society, analyzing how social factors influence educational systems and individual learning experiences. It applies sociological principles to understand the role of educational institutions in socializing individuals and promoting social progress.
Here are brief explanations for the test questions:
1. Qualitative research is a form of social inquiry that focuses on understanding and interpreting how people make sense of their experiences and the world in which they live.
2. The three types of approach to research are: scientific approach, naturalistic approach, and triangulation/mixed method. The naturalistic approach focuses on discovering the real meaning behind people's lifestyles and social relations in a natural setting using qualitative methods like interviews.
3. Hard sciences like biology, chemistry and physics study natural phenomena using quantitative, objective and experimental methods. Soft sciences like sociology, psychology and history study human behavior and social phenomena using qualitative, subjective methods focused on meaning and discovery through interpretation.
Essay on Psychologists
Essay on my interest in psychology
Essay on The History of Psychology
Prejudice In Psychology
Essay about Definition of Psychology
This document defines and describes several key terms related to linguistics and language learning:
- Linguistics is defined as the study of language, including areas like phonetics, morphology, and syntax. Applied linguistics deals with language use in professional settings and seeks to solve real-world problems.
- Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior, including areas like cognitive psychology which examines mental processes like perception, memory, and learning.
- Other terms defined include schema, psycholinguistics, second language acquisition, universal grammar, monitor theory, behaviorism, and connectionism. Interactionism specifically examines the interplay between the linguistic environment and a child's mental abilities in first and second language acquisition
This document discusses apperception tests and projective tests used in social sciences research to assess socio-cultural change. It provides background on existing tests like the Thematic Apperception Test and Rorschach inkblot test, but argues they are insufficient for today's needs. The document proposes developing "Structured Apperception Techniques" to better capture socio-cultural change across different cultures in a post-globalized world, while keeping the core concepts of existing tests.
Cultural studies on emotions and communication skills in englishAlexander Decker
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Phenomenological-Research.pdf(please do not re-upload)EnglishBheanjhieHeartEstani
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Agbay yen psychologicalfoundationofeducationflattsph
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Structuralism a rose for emily by william faulknerflattsph
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Faulkner's dark, mythic portrayal of the American South in this story has influenced Southern fiction with its flawed characters and gloomy
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The document provides an overview of deconstructive criticism and its application to Wilfred Owen's poem "Dulce et Decorum Est". It summarizes the key aspects of deconstruction including recognizing binary oppositions in text and reversing the hierarchy. It then analyzes the poem using deconstruction, noting the binary opposition between patriotism and abandonment. Additionally, it applies new historicism by discussing how Owen's first-hand experience of gas warfare informs the work. Finally, it performs a psychoanalytic reading, citing how the traumatic memory depicted continues to haunt the narrator.
Feminism babae akong namumuhay magisa by joi barriosflattsph
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- Joi Barrios' poem "Babae Akong Namumuhay Mag-Isa" explores the social pressures and biases faced by single women in the Philippines. It plays with traditional gender categories by rejecting labels like "spinster" and asserting the woman's freedom and autonomy.
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1. Bataan Peninsula State University Literary Criticism First Semester
College of Education Normi Lugtu 2017
Agbay, Noralyn G. III-English
Mission
To develop competitive graduates and empowered community members by
providing relevant innovative and transformative knowledge, research, extension
enhancement of its human resource capabilities and institution mechanisms.
Vision
A leading university in the Philippines recognized for its proactive contribution to
sustainable development through equitable an inclusive programs and services by
2030.
“If Psychoanalysis can help us better understand human behavior, then it must certainly be able
to help us understand literary texts which are about human behavior” (Tyson.p11)
“Psychoanalytic Criticism provides a stimulating approach to literary analysis that holds that we
humans are complex yet somewhat understandable creatures who often fail to note the influences
of the unconscious on our motivations and our everyday actions” (Bressler.p161)
An Overview
Psychoanalytic is more of an approach rather than mere method or technique that we use
in critiquing literary text because it can work side by side along with other criticism and because
this approach attempts to explain the how’s and the why’s of human action without developing
an aesthetic theory. For instance, Feminist, Marxist, and New Historicist use Psychoanalytic
method in interpreting literature without violating their own hermeneutics.
*Aesthetic Theory is a systematic, philosophical body of beliefs concerning the how meaning
occur in literature.
*Hermeneutics is the study of the methodological principles of interpretation.
*Psychoanalysisis a method of treating emotional and psychological disorder.
“Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) whose theory of the psyche often is referred to today as Classical
Psychoanalysis which show how human behavior is relevant to our experience of literature”.
(Tyson.p12)
“The classical psychoanalytic theory we’ve discussed so far in this chapter has long been the
standard psychoanalytic approach to literature” (Tyson.p26).
The most controversial psychoanalytic technique is the Freudian Psychoanalytic which assumes
that all human behavior is sexually driven manifested in the text. In this perspective, all images,
action, characterizations in the text must be traced to the author’s ID, for everything in a text is
Intended Learning Outcome:
At the end of the lesson, 100% of the students with 75% Level of
Proficiency will be able to:
• Identify terminologies that are essential to Psychoanalytic
Criticism.
• Use Freudian Psychoanalytic Criticism in critiquing a text.
2. Bataan Peninsula State University Literary Criticism First Semester
College of Education Normi Lugtu 2017
Agbay, Noralyn G. III-English
Mission
To develop competitive graduates and empowered community members by
providing relevant innovative and transformative knowledge, research, extension
enhancement of its human resource capabilities and institution mechanisms.
Vision
A leading university in the Philippines recognized for its proactive contribution to
sustainable development through equitable an inclusive programs and services by
2030.
ultimately hidden wishes of the author’s libido—Freudian Psychoanalytic Criticism.
Examples: Girl = Flower/Cup/Vase/Cave Boys = Sword/Knife/Pen
A text containing a boat floating into a CAVE or PEN being placed within a cup is
interpreted as a symbol of Sexual Intercourse.
“Psychoanalytic Approach is Archetypal Criticism first developed by Carl Jung and later by
Northrop Frye. (Bressler.p162). Using this analysis, critics examine a text to discover the
various archetypes that appears in the text. And these archetypes
or symbols have the same meaning for all readers.
Examples: Red = Danger/Blood/Love Water = Life
By citing textual evidences to show where and how these archetypes appear in the text and form
recognizable patterns, the critic believes that one can discover the text’s meaning. –Jungian
Psychoanalytic Criticism.
“The most recent type of psychoanalytic criticism is developed by Jacques Lacan”
(Bressler.p162)
Using this, a critic would attempt to uncover how a text symbolically represents elements of the
Real, the Imaginary and the Symbolic Orders by identifying the symbolic representations of
these orders within the text. –Lacanian Psychoanalytic Criticism
To better grasp the Psychoanalytic Criticism, we should be knowledgeable with the
different theories, concepts and terminologies that falls under in this Approach.
Historical Development
Sigmund Freud
Vienna Neurologist and Psychologist. He is the foremost investigator of the unconscious and
its activities.
The Interpretation of Dreams 1900, he lays the foundation for a new mode of how our mind
works.
According to him, the best avenue for discovering the content and the activities of the
unconscious is through our dreams and that it is through the interaction of both conscious and
unconscious working together that we shape ourselves and our world.
The founding father of the Psychoanalysis.
While working with patients whom he diagnosed as hysterics he believed that his patient had
suppressed incestuous desires with which they had unconsciously refused to deal with.
3. Bataan Peninsula State University Literary Criticism First Semester
College of Education Normi Lugtu 2017
Agbay, Noralyn G. III-English
Mission
To develop competitive graduates and empowered community members by
providing relevant innovative and transformative knowledge, research, extension
enhancement of its human resource capabilities and institution mechanisms.
Vision
A leading university in the Philippines recognized for its proactive contribution to
sustainable development through equitable an inclusive programs and services by
2030.
He posited that fantasies and wishful thinking and not the actual experience plays a large
part in the onset of Neurosis
*Psychoanalysis is a medical term for the method used in treating emotional and psychological
disorder.
*Hysteric a widely emotional and exaggerated reaction.
*Incestuousan overly close relation that seems improper or sexual intercourse between two
closely related people
*Neurosisa function disorders involving chronic distress. It is the conflict among ID, EGO
and SUPEREGO
Model of Human Psyche: Dynamic Model
*Psyche Greek word for Soul or Spirit. It could also mean Personality
Fred developed various models of the human psyche and became the changing basis of
psychoanalytic theory and practices.
1. Topographic Model of Psyche
a. Conscious Perceives and records the external reality
It is the reasoning part of the mind and we believe that our behavior or
action is governed by our Reasoning or Analytic Skills but, Freud suggest that it is the
Unconscious that governs our action or behavior.
It is the mind’s direct link to external reality because it perceives and reacts
with the external environment so it allows the mind to order and organize the outside
world.
Also, it is the part of the mind that holds what we are aware of like verbalize
our thoughts and think about it logically.
b. Preconscious Simply storehouse of memories that the conscious part of the mind
allows to be brought to the conscious or awareness without disguising these memories
into other forms. Thus, it is the ordinary memory.
c. Unconscious as a static system that simply collects and maintain our memory.
Freud redefined that meaning of it believing it to be Dynamic System that
contains biographical
memories & our suppressed and unresolved conflicts.
It storehouse the: Disguised Truth and Desires that want to be revealed in
and through the conscious.
4. Bataan Peninsula State University Literary Criticism First Semester
College of Education Normi Lugtu 2017
Agbay, Noralyn G. III-English
Mission
To develop competitive graduates and empowered community members by
providing relevant innovative and transformative knowledge, research, extension
enhancement of its human resource capabilities and institution mechanisms.
Vision
A leading university in the Philippines recognized for its proactive contribution to
sustainable development through equitable an inclusive programs and services by
2030.
This stores the urges, feelings and ideas that are tied up by the ANXIETY or
CONFLICTS (Neurosis). These do not disappear, instead they are still inside us
inserting influence in our actions unknowingly.
*Freudian Slip refers to the Disguised truth and Desires which inevitably made themselves be
known through our Dreams, Arts, Music, and Accidental slip of tongue.
2. Economic Model of Psyche
a. Pleasure Principles this is where the ID based its activities.
it is the idea of Wishful impulses that need to be satisfied immediately
regardless of the consequences.
it engages in the Primitive Thinking Process which is illogical,
irrational and fantasy oriented and it has no comprehension of objective
reality. Thus, it is selfish in nature.
b. Reality Principles this is where the EGO based its activities.
it works out in realistic way of satisfying the ID’s demand. Often it
compromises or postpones the satisfaction to avoid negative consequences of the Society
because ego considers SOCIAL REALITY NORMS, ETIQUETTE and RULES in
behaving.
c. Morality Principles Structural thought of Psyche. Definition of this is relative because
it talks about Morality.
3. Tripartite Model of Psyche
a. ID the LIBIDO that is the sexual and aggressive part of the mind and are hidden
memories.
it consists of the components of personality present at birth including sex.
(biological).
it does not change over time and experience because it is not touched by the outside
world.
it is not affected by reality, logic or the everyday world as it operates in the
unconscious mind.
b. EGO it mediates between the ID and SUPEREGO.
it is the decision-making part of the brain.
it is in the Secondary Process of Thinking which is rational, logical and oriented
towards problem solving.
c. SUPEREGO it has two components
5. Bataan Peninsula State University Literary Criticism First Semester
College of Education Normi Lugtu 2017
Agbay, Noralyn G. III-English
Mission
To develop competitive graduates and empowered community members by
providing relevant innovative and transformative knowledge, research, extension
enhancement of its human resource capabilities and institution mechanisms.
Vision
A leading university in the Philippines recognized for its proactive contribution to
sustainable development through equitable an inclusive programs and services by
2030.
1. Conscience it punishes the EGO if the EGO gives in to the demand of the ID by
causing the feeling of guilt.
2. Idea self or the EGO ideal which is an imagery picture of how one ought to be.
The ideal personality.
it is the standard or the basis of the conscience whether or not the standard
is followed and if there is a need for punishment.
Freud’s Oedipal Developmental Phase: The Fixation Stage
1. Oral Phase as we suck our mother’s breast, our sexual libido is activated.
our mouth becomes EROTOGENIC ZONE which refers to any part of the
body that is susceptible to becoming excited that will later cause us to enjoy sucking our
thumbs or other objects.
2. Anal Phase Anus becomes the Object of Pleasure when the children learn the delights
of defecation.
Also, at this phase the children learn that they are independent person who are
separate from their parents.
children here unconsciously learning being sadistic. They acquire the sense
of Expulsion and Destruction through defecating as means of expressing both anger and
excitement upon discovering independence from parents.
3. Phallic Phase This is when the child’s sexual desire or libido is directed toward Genital
when the child learns the pleasure that resulted from stimulating one’s sexual organ.
The Oedipus Complex: Fear of Castration
Oedipus Complex unconscious desires of the boys to their mother
Castration Complex as punishment. It is the fear of the removal of the penis by the father.
The Electra Complex/Penis Envy
What happens here is that the ID of a girl also demands to sexually possess the mother like
how the father possesses her mother. But, the girl will discover that she has no penis like her
father—PENIS ENVY. Then the girl will think of that she might have been castrated by her
mother since both of them have no penis so she will direct her libidinal desire to the father which
progresses to heterosexual feminity. The sense of lacking (penis) will be appeased but will not
disappear.
6. Bataan Peninsula State University Literary Criticism First Semester
College of Education Normi Lugtu 2017
Agbay, Noralyn G. III-English
Mission
To develop competitive graduates and empowered community members by
providing relevant innovative and transformative knowledge, research, extension
enhancement of its human resource capabilities and institution mechanisms.
Vision
A leading university in the Philippines recognized for its proactive contribution to
sustainable development through equitable an inclusive programs and services by
2030.
Thus, it might develop into a weaker superego and weaker superego may manifest
through women by being MORALLY INFEFRIOR TO MEN or by being SUBMISSIVE TO
MEN. It could also be the other way around the women becomes DOMINATIVE TO MEN
because the girl may redirect her feeling of envy to hatred to men.
SIGNIFICANCE OF DREAMS according to FREUD
Freud explained that the conscious is having hard time handling those repressed desired w/o
producing feelings
The unconscious then redirects and reshape the concealed wishes into an acceptable social
activities or form. By doing so, the ID creates a window allowing this softened and be socially
accepted desire to seep into the conscious states. And one form it is through DREAMS.
1. Displacement it occurs whenever we use a SAFE person, evet or object as STAND IN
to represent a more threatening person, event or object.
Example: I may dream that an elementary school teacher is sexually molesting me in or
der to express my unconscious knowledge that my parents sexually molested me.
2. Condensationoccurs during a dream whenever we use a single dream image or event to
represent more than one unconscious wound or conflict.
Example: my dream that I am battling a ferocious ear might represent psychological
battles or conflicts both at home or at work.
Psychological Defences Tyson (p. 18)
· Selective perception – hearing and seeing only what we feel we can handle
· Selective memory – modifying our memories so that we don’t feel overwhelmed by them
or forgetting painful events
Entirely.
· Denial – believing that the problem doesn’t exist or the unpleasant incident never
happened.
· Displacement – “taking it out” on someone or something less threatening than the person
who caused our fear, hurt, frustration, or anger, and
· Projection – ascribing our fear, problem, or guilty desire to someone else, and condemning
them for it, in order to deny that we have it ourselves”
Much of the pain we experience is rooted in our family relationships with mother, father, and
siblings interacting in a dynamics pattern of exchanges that continue to influence our behaviour
and choices as adults.
7. Bataan Peninsula State University Literary Criticism First Semester
College of Education Normi Lugtu 2017
Agbay, Noralyn G. III-English
Mission
To develop competitive graduates and empowered community members by
providing relevant innovative and transformative knowledge, research, extension
enhancement of its human resource capabilities and institution mechanisms.
Vision
A leading university in the Philippines recognized for its proactive contribution to
sustainable development through equitable an inclusive programs and services by
2030.
· Avoidance – staying away from people or situations that are liable to make us anxious by
stirring up some unconscious – i.e., repressed – experience or emotion
Literature and Psychoanalysis
The unresolved conflicts that give rise to any neurosis are the stuff of literature because
literary work could be one of external expression of the author’s unconscious mind.
Literary work then must be treated as a dream that needs to be analysed like Psychoanalysis
applying the Psychoanalytic technique to the text to uncover the author’s hidden motivational
and repressed desire.
Psychoanalytic Approach is actually an approach, approach in a sense that it may work side
by side with other criticism.
Example:
Psychobiographical mentioned in Bressler’s which focuses on the interpretation of the neuroses
of the author using the different concept of psychoanalytic. It is then comparably similar with
Biographical Criticism, only that biographical criticism looks at the author’s life to see the
resemblance or the opposite of the author’s life to the text.
Psychological Reader’s Response. It may fall under Psychoanalytic if we will be basing our
responses as readers to the different psychoanalytic concepts. Then it is the other form of
reader’s response if we use other basis for our responses such as societal norms.
More so, literature according to Freud is seen as wish fulfillment of desires and wishes
denied by the EGO based on Reality Principle or banned by Superego based on Morality
Principle. These oppressed feelings, emotions or desires are kept in our Unconscious Mind.
These unconscious desires find symbolic expression in art exactly in DREAMS. The goal of
Freudian Concept of Psychoanalytic is to reveal the latent content of the work that underlies its
visible content.
Accordingly, literary work must be treated like a dream. Dreams as Freud posited in
Bressler’s book has the LANTENT CONTENT which is the desire of the ID and the
MANIFEST CONTENT is the remembered reported dream. In simpler words, the Manifest
content, from the word manifestation, is the reflection of the Latent Content. Just like
psychoanalysis method, the literary critic will then look for Psychological Materials present in
the text as well as Psychological Defense Mechanism that may manifest among the characters in
8. Bataan Peninsula State University Literary Criticism First Semester
College of Education Normi Lugtu 2017
Agbay, Noralyn G. III-English
Mission
To develop competitive graduates and empowered community members by
providing relevant innovative and transformative knowledge, research, extension
enhancement of its human resource capabilities and institution mechanisms.
Vision
A leading university in the Philippines recognized for its proactive contribution to
sustainable development through equitable an inclusive programs and services by
2030.
order to interpret the literary text just like dreams.
Psychological Materials are:
Symbolism the repressed object represented in disguise.
Condensation several thoughts or persons represented in a single image. It could be a
grouping of all one’s feeling, usually anger, into one content form. It is similar to METAPHOR
Displacement anxiety located onto another image by means of association. It is the
transference of feelings to someone or something else. It is similar to METONYMY in which an
associative term is used for the object, concepts or events.
Oedipus Complex According to classical psychoanalytic theory, it is the boy’s attachment to
his mother.
Electra Complex The term was introduced by Carl Gustave Jung 1913 according to Bressler’s
which refers to girls’ attachment to the father. Carl Jung proposed the name Electra Complex
deriving it form the Greek Myth of Electra, who wanted her brother, Orestes to avenge the death
of the siblings’ father Agamemnon by killing her mother Clytemnestra.
Sexuality On the other hand, according to Lois Tyson’s book, psychoanalysis sees a close a
connection between our sexuality and our identity because the origin of our sexual being is in the
nature of the affirmation or disruption our sense of self that occurs in childhood. To Tyson, there
are merely psychological differences among individuals more than the sex of a girl and sex of
boy.
***Remember that much of the pain we experience is rooted in our family relationships with
mother, father, and siblings interacting in a dynamics pattern of exchanges that continue to
influence our behaviour and choices as adults.
So how do we do it?
Here are some guide questions that may lead us to effective use of Freudian
Psychoanalytic Criticism for these may lead us to different psychological materials present in the
text.
1. What conscious motives are operating in the main characters? What core issues are
illustrated and how do these core issues structure or inform the piece.
2. Are there any Oedipal dynamics or family dynamics at work here? That is, is it
possible to relate a character’s pattern of adult behavior to early experiences in the family as
represented in the story?
3. How can characters behavior, narrative events and images be explained in terms of
9. Bataan Peninsula State University Literary Criticism First Semester
College of Education Normi Lugtu 2017
Agbay, Noralyn G. III-English
Mission
To develop competitive graduates and empowered community members by
providing relevant innovative and transformative knowledge, research, extension
enhancement of its human resource capabilities and institution mechanisms.
Vision
A leading university in the Philippines recognized for its proactive contribution to
sustainable development through equitable an inclusive programs and services by
2030.
psychoanalytic concepts of any kind (for example, regression, crisis, projection, fear of or
fascination with death, sexuality- which includes love and romance as well as sexual The
Oedipal Dynamics: A behaviors – as a primary indicator or psychological identity or the
operations of Ego -Id and Superego?
4. In what ways can we view a literary work as analogous to a dream? That is how might
recurrent or striking dream symbols reveal the ways in which the narrator or speaker is
projecting his or her unconscious desires, fears, wounds or unresolved conflicts onto other
characters, unto the setting, or unto the events portrayed?
5. What does this work suggest about the psychological being of its author?
6. What might a given interpretation of literary work suggest about the psychological
motives of the reader?
Application to Literature
Jocasta: An oracle was reported to Laius once. (Line 676)
That his doomed would be death at the hands of his own son (Line 679)
His son, born of his flesh and of mine! (Line 680)
***
Messenger: Your ankles should tell you that. (Line 1010)
Oedipus: Ah, stranger, why do you speak of that childhood of mine. (Line 1011)
Messenger: I cut the bond that tied your ankles together (Line 1012)
Line 1010-1012, tells us Oedipus’ childhood, we could recall from the story that when King
Laius had his oracle: he will be killed by his own son Line 676-680. King Laius immediately had
his baby exposed (abandoned without protection from the elements—a common way to get rid of
unwanted infants) on Mount Cithaeron, one of the most remote point of the kingdom. As an
extra precaution, he nailed the child’s feet together (Line 1012).
This specific event in Oedipus’ life led to repressed feeling of abandonment and the horror of his
realization. Unconsciously, all his unpleasant feelings: the pain; the anger; the avoidance of this
oracle had caused him decide and act the way he did in the play.
Effects of this incident:
(a). Aggressive independence and damaging self-reliance.
it caused him to be independent and to think that he could do everything/anything in his own.
10. Bataan Peninsula State University Literary Criticism First Semester
College of Education Normi Lugtu 2017
Agbay, Noralyn G. III-English
Mission
To develop competitive graduates and empowered community members by
providing relevant innovative and transformative knowledge, research, extension
enhancement of its human resource capabilities and institution mechanisms.
Vision
A leading university in the Philippines recognized for its proactive contribution to
sustainable development through equitable an inclusive programs and services by
2030.
This is one of his defense mechanism caused by his abandonment.
1. He faces the Sphinx alone and assumes the throne of Thebes
Oedipus: Tell me, and never doubt that I will help you in every way I can (Line 13)
Priest: And wisest in the ways of God. You saved us from the sphinx (Line 38)
A strikingly independent action driven by his unconscious defense mechanism of aggressive
independence and damaging self-reliant to prove that he can even without the help of anyone. In
archetypal criticism, this is what we interpreted to as the Hamartia of pride.
(b). Condensation of anger
The anger that accumulates within his infancy to the time he decided to left Corinth to avoid
the oracle.
1. Oedipus unconsciously transferred the anger of his birth and his exile to a man he met where
three roads meet and unknowingly killed his father.
Oedipus: At feast, a drunken man maundering in his cup (Line 750)
Cries out that I am not my father’s son! (line 751)
I contained myself that night, though I felt anger and sinking heart. (Line 752)
The next day I visited my father and mother and questioned them,
they stormed. (Line 754)
And this relieved me. (Line 756)
Yet the suspicion remained always aching in my mind (Line 757)
(c). Tripartite psyche of ID EGO and SUPEREGO
These began to flourish the moment he was told about the oracle. ID brings about irrational
behavior and an unexplainable form of fear which unconsciously drives the character to actions
he himself could not phantom.
Being driven by fear, he flees from Corinth and encounters Laius by the three crossroads.
Oedipus: There were three highways coming together at a placed I passed (Line 777)
Forced me off the road at his lord’s command (Line 781)
I struck him in my rage. (Line 783)
He was paid back and more! (Line 790)
11. Bataan Peninsula State University Literary Criticism First Semester
College of Education Normi Lugtu 2017
Agbay, Noralyn G. III-English
Mission
To develop competitive graduates and empowered community members by
providing relevant innovative and transformative knowledge, research, extension
enhancement of its human resource capabilities and institution mechanisms.
Vision
A leading university in the Philippines recognized for its proactive contribution to
sustainable development through equitable an inclusive programs and services by
2030.
I killed him. (Line 793)
The fear King Oedipus again exhibits when he forcefully accuses Tiresias, the all-knowing
seer and prophet of being the master minder of the death of Laius and the inventor of the plague
as a result of his past misdeeds. Not only fear interferes here but also a defense mechanism called
(d). Projection. He condemned others to deny what he had himself
Oedipus: Rage! Why not! And I’ll tell you what I think. (Line 343)
You planned it; you all but killed him with your own hands (Line 344)
If you had eyes, I’d say the crime was yours and yours alone. (Line 345)
These are just some of the possible interpretation we could give to the text Oedipus Rex using
Psychoanalytic Criticism. We could apply variety of psychoanalytic concepts such as Jungian
and Lacanian concepts of psychoanalytic.
References: Bressler C.E. (1999). Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice
Second Edition. Prentice Hall,
New Jersey 07458
Tyson L. (2006). Critical Theory Today: A Friendly Guide Second Edition.
Routledge New York, NY 10016
Oedipus Rex by Sophocles pages 476-520 of: Tomeldan, Y. et al. (2010). Prism: an
introduction to literature.
National Book Store, ISBN 9710830724