4. • It is a qualitative research approach that is used to describe an
individual's personal experience. It focuses on the phenomena that
have impacted a person in a situation. It can also be used in
studying the behavior of a group of people.
• The researcher asks these following questions:
- What is this experience like?
- What does this experience mean?
- How does this 'lived experience' present its to a particular
situation?
- What are the subject's experience related to the phenomenon?
- What factors have influenced the experience of the phenomenon?
• Researchers can utilize observations and documents to build a
"universal meaning of experiences."
6. • Husserl (1859-1938) is considered the father of transcendental phenomenology,
which forms the basis of all the other phenomenological methods (Schwandt, 2001)
• Husserl perceived that the phenomena of an object or "lived experience‟
(everyday world) of an individual should be reflected on instead, as this
method captured the way a person experienced the world around him or her,
as well as his or her interpretation of reality (Merriam, 2014)
• It is grounded in the concept and conditioned upon setting
aside all preconceived ideas (epoche) to see phenomena
through unclouded glasses, thereby allowing the true meaning
of phenomena to naturally emerge with and within their own
identity (Moustakas, 1994).
• A researcher carrying out a transcendental study is
solely interested in the participants' descriptions not
their interpretations of the phenomenon being
explored.
7.
8.
9. • Concerned with the lifeworld or human experience as it is lived.
• The focus is toward illuminating details and seemingly trivial aspects within
experience that may be taken for granted in our lives, with a goal of creating meaning
and achieving a sense of understanding.
• Intrinsic awareness was fundamental to phenomenological research, as the
researcher needed to me immersed within the phenomenon to gain an
understanding of the experience.
• Transcendental phenomenology takes a descriptive approach while Hermeneutics
takes an interpretive approach.
• The hermeneutic researcher is equally concerned with the
participants‟ descriptions of the phenomenon, as well as
the interpretation or meaning of the experience.
• The researcher then needs to make an interpretation from
the different meanings deduced from the participants‟
lifeworld experiences.
10.
11.
12. • Existential phenomenology describes subjective human experience as it reflects
people’s values, purposes, ideals, intentions, emotions, and relationships.
• Existential phenomenology concerns itself with the experiences and actions of the
individual, rather than conformity or behavior.
• The individual is seen as an active and creative subject, rather than an object in
nature: in other words, the existential person is not merely passive or reactive,
subject to environmental influences, but also a purposeful being who has inner
experiences and can interpret the meaning of his or her existence and relationships
with others in a social world.
• Existential phenomenology assumes an inseparable
interrelationship between the individual and the social world
• It is the everyday life of the social world that gives an individual’s
existence meaning.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19. It aims to describe the
phenomenon which includes the
emerging phenomena like
emotions, actions, and thoughts if
the subject. It also means to
describe "the thing itself".
Description
20. It is a process that allows the researcher
to have an open-mind and listen to the
descriptions of the participants of the
studied phenomenon process. This
includes the delay of assumptions and
prejudices to ensure that there will be
no biases that can defile the
observations and the descriptions as the
thing themselves.
Reduction
21. It the very meaning of an individual's
experience. The essential themes
are important to the exploration of
the phenomenon with the use of
imagination intuition, and reflection
so that the researcher can
determine whether a particular
characteristic is considered
essential.
Essence
22. To express intentionality, there are
two concepts: Noesis is a
subjective reflection of the
objective statement. Noema, on
the other hand, is a statement of
behavior as part of reality.
Intentionality
23.
24. do no harm
There should be a reasonable expectation by those participating in a research
study that they will not be involved in any situation in which they might be
harmed.
Privacy and anonymity
Any individual participating in a research study has a reasonable
expectation that privacy will be guaranteed.
Confidenciality
Any individual participating in a research study has a reasonable
expectation that information provided to the researcher will be treated
in a confidential manner.
25. informed consent
Individuals participating in a research study have a reasonable
expectation that they will be informed of the nature of the study and
may choose whether or not to participate.
rapport and friendship
Once participants agree to be part of a study, the researcher develops rapport in
order to get them to disclose information. Researchers should make sure that
they provide an environment that is trustworthy. At the same time, they need to
be sensitive to the power that they hold over participants.
INTRUSIVENESS
Individuals participating in a research study have a reasonable
expectation that the conduct of the researcher will not be
excessively intrusive.
26. • Phenomenological Research: Methods And Examples (2021). Retrieved March 3,
2023, from https://harappa.education/harappa-diaries/phenomenological-
research/
• Phenomenology (n.d.). https://deakin.libguides.com/qualitative-study-
designs/phenomenology
• Stanson, W. (2021). Using Transcendental Phenomenology to Explore Elementary
Teachers’ Experiences with Struggling Readers During the Social Restrictions
Precipitated by the Covid-19 Pandemic. Graduate Theses and Dissertations.
https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/4203
• Thorphe, R. & Holt, R. (2008). The Sage Dictionary of Qualitative Management
Research.
• Umanailo, M. (2019). Overview Phenomenological Research.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335230717_Overview_Phenomenologic
al_Research
27. • Hirsh, K. (2015) Phenomenology and Educationn Research. Retrieved March 2, 2023
from
https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1172&context=edu_ar
ticle
• Mottern, R. (2013) Teacher-Education Relationships in Court-Mandated Adult
Education: A Phenomenological Study. Retrieved March 2, 2023 from
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1005009.pdf
• Lichtman, M. (2013) Qualitative Research in Educationn; A User's Guide. Retrieved
March 1, 2022 from
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ec9yAwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5
&dq=qualitative+research+in+education+Lichtman&ots=roVMe-
Gtme&sig=64yio32ny1yZ2dv91yZ3lOt6NQw
