The document summarizes Spanish colonial and pre-colonial Philippine literature. It discusses how Spanish colonization beginning in 1521 influenced the development of written literature in local languages. Works included devotional Catholic texts and poems. Secular works like novels and poems addressing social issues emerged later. Pre-colonial literature existed through oral traditions like riddles, proverbs, myths, and epics. Various regions developed their own literary forms which reflected local cultures and beliefs. Spanish rule established the foundations for a written Philippine literature tradition while early oral traditions survived alongside new influences.

1. SPANISH
AND
PRE-COLONIAL TEXT PHILIPPINES
LITERATURE

2. Spanish Colonial Text
1521 to 1898

3. Spanish Colonization in the Philippines started in 1565
during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first
Spanish- governor-general in the Philipppines .
The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for
more than three centuries
Literature started to flourish during this time
The Spanish colonizers wanted to undermine the
native oral tradition by substituting for it to the story
of the Passion of Christ. However, the native
tradition survived and even flourished in areas
inaccessible to the Spaniards.

4. *The church authorities adopted a policy of spreading the
Church doctrines by communicating to the natives in their own
language
- Doctrina Christiana
- The first book to be printed in the Philippines,was a
prayer book written in Spanish with an
accompanying Tagalog translation.

5. The task of translating religious instructional materials forced
the Spanish missionaries to employ natives as translator.
Eventually, these natives learned to read and write both in
Spanish and in their native tongue.
Ladinos-bilingual natives –
They published their works, mainly devotional
poetry,in the first decade of the 17th century.

6. Gaspar Aquino de Belen
-the most gifted among the Ladinos
-he wrote the Mahal na Pasion ni Jesu Christo, a
tagalog poem based on christ’s passion, was publish in
1704.

7. In the 18 century, secular literature from
Spain oin the form of medieval ballads
inspired the native poetic- drama called
komedya, later to be called more-moro
because these often dealt with the theme
of Christians truimphing over Muslims.

8. Printing overtook the oral tradition and it set
for the development of Prose.
The first filipino novel was “Ninay”, written in
Spanish by Pedro Paternno.

9. The prominent figures during Spanish
Colonial Period
• Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar (1788- 1892),popularly
called Balagtas, is acknowledge master of traditional
Tagalog poetry.
• His narrative poem “Florante at Laura”, written in
sublime Tagalog, is about tyranny in Albanya, but it is also
perceived to be about tyranny in his Filipino homeland.

10. • Jose Rizal (1896-1896), our national hero chose the
realistic novel as his medium.
• Rizal’s two novels, “ Noli Me Tangere” and it’s
sequel “ El Filibusterismo “, chronicle the life and
ultimate death of Ibarra, a Filipino educated on
abroad, who attempts to reform his country through
education.

11. Inspired by Rizal and his two novels were
Andres Bonifacio (1863-1897) and his closest
aide Emilio Jacinto (1875-1899). Both were
writers and social critics who were profoundly
influenced by the liberal ideas of the French
enlightment.

12. • The Philippine revolutionary
period also has it’s share of women
writers.
• Gregoria de Jesus, wife of Andres
Bonifacio, wrote noble Tagalog
poem.
• In Vigan of the Ilocano North,
Leona Frolentino, by her poetry,
became the foremost Ilocano writer
of her time.

13. Spanish Influences on the Philippine
Literature
1. Alibata
2. 2. Christian Doctrine
3. 3. Spanish Language became the literary
language this time
4. European legends and tradition
5. Ancient Literature was collected and and
translated to Tagalog
6. Grammar books were printed in Filipino
7. Religious Tone

14. The First Books
1.Ang Dontrina Christina (The Christian
Doctrine)
2.Nuestra Senora del Rosario
3.Libro de los Cuatro Porstpremiras de
Hombre (in Spanish and Tagalog)
4.Ang Barlaan at Josephat
5.The Pasion
6.Urbana and Felisa
7.Ang mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalm of Mary)

15. Literary Compositions
1. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and Rules of the
Tagalog Language
2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the
Tagalog Language)
3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala ( Tagalog Vocabulary)
4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampango
Vocabulary)
5. . Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan Vocabulary)
6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana ( The Art of the Ilocano
Language)
7. Arte de ka Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol
Language)

16. Folk Songs
A song that originates in traditional popular culture or that written
in such style. Folk songs are one of the oldest forms of Philippine
literature that emerged in the Pre-Spanish period. These mirrored the
early forms of culture. Many of these have 12 syllables.
Folk songs truly manifest the artistic feeling of the Filipinos. They
show the Filipino’s innate appreciation for love and for beauty.
Examples of Folk songs:
• Leron-leron Sinta (Tagalog)
• Pamulinawen (Ilokano)
• Dandansoy (Bisaya)
• Sarong Banggi ( Bicol)
• Atin Cu Pung Singsing (Kapampangan)

17. Recreational Play
• There are many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the
Spanish times. Almost all of them were in poetic form.
Here are examples:
1. Tibag –the word tibag means to excavate. This ritual was brought
here by the Spaniard to remind the people about the search of St.
Helena for the Cross on which Jesus died.
2. Lagaylay –this is a special occasion for the Pilareños of Sorsogon
during May, time to get together. As early as April, the participating
ladies are chosen and sometimes, mothers volunteer their girls in
order to fulfill a vow made during an illness or for a favor received. In
some parts of Bicol, a different presentation is made but the objective
is the same –praise, respect and offering of love to the Blessed Cross
by St. Helen on the mound she had dug in.

18. 3.The Cenaculo –this is a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and
death of Jesus Christ. There are two kinds: the Cantada and Hablada. In the Hablada
the lines are spoken in a more deliberate manner showing the rhythmic measure of
each verse and the rhyming in each stanza and is more dignified in theme; the Cantada
is chanted like the Pasion. The Cenaculo is written in octosyllabic verse, with 8 verses to
the stanza. The full length versions take about 3 nights of staging. Performers come in
costumes with wigs and performers are carefully chosen for their virtuous life. One
performs the role of Jesus Christ and another the role of the Virgin Mary. Many
famous Cenaculo players come from the Tagalog regions although there are also those
from Ilocos, Pampanga, Bicol and both Sibulanon and Hiligaynon.
4. Panunuluyan –this is presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve. This is a
presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to
deliver the baby Jesus.
5. The Salubong (or Panubong) -The Salubong is an Easter play that dramatizes
the meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother. It is still presented in many Philippine
towns.

19. 6.Carillo (Shadow Play) –this is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a
moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest. This shadow
play is made by projecting cardboard figures before a lamp against a white sheet.
The figures are moved like marionettes whose dialogues are produced by some
experts.
The dialogues are drawn from a Corrido or Awit or some religious play interspersed
with songs.
These are called by various names in different places: Carillo in Manila, Rizal and
Batangas and Laguan; TITRES in Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataa, Capiz and
Negros; TITIRI in Zambales; GAGALO or KIKIMUT in Pampanga and Tarlac;
and ALIALA in La Union.
7. The Zarzuela –considered the father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or
melodrama three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate,
revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social or political problem.
8. The Sainete –this was a short musical comedy popular during the 18th century.
They were exaggerated comedies shown between acts of long plays and were mostly
performed by characters from the lower classes. Themes were taken from everyday
life scenarios.

20. Moro-moro
Moro-moro (Comedia) is a play that became popular in the Philippines during the
Spanish colonial period. It depicted battles between Christians and Moros-as Muslims
in the Philippines are popularly known-with the Moros as the perpetual villains who
always lost to the Christians in the end.
Duplo
The Duplo was a poetic debate by trained men and women in the ninth night, which is
the last night of the mourning period for the dead.
Karagatan
The Karagatan was also a poetic debate like the Duplo, except its participants were
amateurs. Both were held in homes and their theme was about a ring that fell into the
sea.
Balagtasan
Balagtasan is Filipino form of debate done in verse. The term is derived from the
surname of Francisco Balagtas

21. Dung-aw
The dung-aw expresses the lyric mode of death, the thought of which it congeals
one’s blood with chill anticipation thrusts one into the blank depth of sorrow. It is
the song of grief, sorrow, lamentation and praise for the dead. The dung-aw is
charged with deep emotion and is stamped with feeling of sympathy and love
which arise directly form sharp personal sorrow which the singer of the dung-aw
may have felt while creating it extemporaneously.
Awit and Korido
Philippine metrical romances, awit and korido in Tagalog, are long verse narratives
on chivalric-heroic, religious, legendary and folkloric themes. 'Koridos' or
'corridos,' as Philippine romances are generally called, are heavily influenced by
foreign literature. They were the most popular among the Spanish colonial literary
forms. They are of uniform stanza pattern -- monoriming and assonant quatrain --
and vary in length, from a few hundred to several thousand lines.

22. Pre-Colonial

23. • The literature of the formative past by the various groups of people
who inhabited the archipelago.
• A literature of varrying human interest
Close to the religious and political organizations of the ancient
Filipinos
• The verses were addressed to the ears rather than the eyes.
• Verses composed and sung were regarded as group property.
• Versification
-Octosyllabic
Legendary and religious poems
-Dodecasyllabic
Romance

24. Riddle (bugtong)
• Made up of one or more measured lines with rhymes and
may consist of 4 to 12 syllables
• Showcase the Filipino wit, literary talent, and keen
observation of the surroundings
• Involves reference to one or two images that symbolize the
characteristics of an unkwon object that is to be guessed
Purpose of Bugtong
• To entertain
• To titillate
• To curse
• To preserve the culture

25. Salawikain and Sawikain
• Epigrams/Maxims/Proverbs
• Short poems that have been customarily been used and served as laws
or rules on good behavior by our ancestors
• Allegorie or parables that impact the lessons for the young
• Often used in expressing single idea, that usually saturucal and had a
witty ending.
• Maxims- rhyming couplets (5,6, 8 syllables)
Example of Salawikain
Ang matapat na kaibigan, tunay na maaasahan Example of Sawikain
Kumukulo ang dugoo- very angry Write on water- forget about it
Example of Maxims
Pag hindi uukol Hindi bubukol
Means= What is not intended for one will not bear fruit

26. Bulong or Chants
• Used in witchcraft or enchantments
Sa hinaba-haba ng prusisyon
Sa simbahan din ang tuloy
Hele hele
Bago Keyme
Tabi tabi po
Makikiraan po lamang

27. Kasabihan or Sayings
Used in teasing or to comment on a person’s acutations
Nag almusal mag-isa
Kaning lamig;tinapa
Nahulog ang kutsara
Ikaw na sana,sinta
Tanaga
A quatrain with seven syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line
No title, 7-7-7-7,AABB
Example
Tahak ng tingin, tulak
ng sulyap, yakao, lapat
Ng titg sa balikat
Hatak pa, kindat, hakat

28. Myth
A traditional story consisting of events that are ostensibly historical,
explaining the origins of a cultural practice or natural phenomenon.
A myth can be a collectively held belief that has no basis in fact. This
usage, which is often pejorative,[11] arose from labeling the religious
myths and beliefs of other cultures as incorrect, but it has spread to
cover non-religious beliefs as well.[12] Because of this popular and
subjective word usage, many people take offense when the narratives
they believe to be true are called myths.
To the source culture a myth by definition is "true", in that it
embodies beliefs, concepts and ways of questioning to make sense of
the world.

29. There are many different creation of myths in Philippine
mythology, originated from various ethnic groups.
• Story of Bathala
• Visayan Version
• The Legend of Maria Makiling
Presence of Different Deities
Ex. Bathala
Mythical creatures
Ex. • Aswang
• Dila
• Diwata
• Dewende
• Tikbalang
• Mankukulam

30. Ancient Metrical Tales
Ifugao- Hudhud ni Aliguyon
Ilocos-Biag ni Lam-ang
Bicol- Ibalon
Mindanao- Darangan
Panay- Hinilawod
Bagobo- Tuwaang
Kalinga- Ulaliim
Manobo- Agyu or Olahing
Subanon- Sandayo

31. MADE BY :
SHINSHA JUGALBOT
MAY JANE CAIRO
ANGELIE VILLANUEVA
ROSEMARIE LOBITANIA