The Trojan War began after Paris, a Trojan prince, chose Aphrodite as the fairest goddess and was awarded Helen, the beautiful wife of King Menelaus of Sparta. When Helen was abducted by Paris, Menelaus demanded her return, leading to a conflict between the Greeks and the Trojans. Over several years of fighting, important events included conflicts between Achilles and Agamemnon, the death of Patroclus, and the duel between Achilles and Hector that ultimately led to the death of Hector and the fall of Troy.

1. Trojan War
By: Noralyn Agbay

2. At the end of the lesson, 100% of the
students with 90% proficiency in English
Language should be able to:
1. Identify important characters,
places & symbolism in Greek
Mythology by Edith Hamilton, the
Trojan War.
2. Familiarize with the sequence of
important events in Trojan War.
3. Appreciate through synthesizing the
Myth of Trojan War by Edith
Hamilton.

3. Motivational Activity

4. Guess Me I 1.
An Estimate of
Dates in her life:
1214 BCE – her
birth to Leda
1202 BCE – her
rape by Theseus
and possible birth
of 1 child.
Helen

5. Guess Me I 2.
Egg

6. Additional Information:
The semi-mythical, semi-historical
Theseus was the great hero of ancient
Athens. The numerous heroic deeds
ascribed to him were seen by the
ancient Athenians as the acts that led
to the birth of democracy in the Attic
city-state, the cradle of Greek
democracy. Since he is portrayed as
the contemporary of Hercules, it can
be assumed that he belonged to the
generation previous to the Trojan War.
Source: www.greeka.com
THESEUS

7. Additional Information:
Abduction of Helen
The two friends, Theseus and Prithius
decided to assist each other to abduct a
daughter of Zeus each. The choice of
Theseus was Helen, who was later to
become famous as Helen of Troy. The fact
that Helen was only nine years old at that
timed didn't deter our hero, as he wanted to
abduct her and keep her safe until her time
to get married would come. The duo
kidnapped Helen first and Theseus left her in
the safe custody of his mother, Aethra, at
Troizen for a few years. However, the
brothers of Helen, Castor and Pollux,
rescued the girl and took their sister back to
Sparta, their homeland.

8. Additional Informations:
Mentioned also in the book, Great Heroes before Trojan
War—Theseus.
Source: www.greeka.com
1201 BCE – her marriage to Menelaus and subsequent birth
of 5 children.

9. Additional Information:
Tyndareus Oath
He received an idea from Odysseus who was
rewarded by being allowed to marry Penelope.
Tyndareus, having sacrificed a horse here,
administered an oath to the suitors of Helen,
making them stand upon the pieces of the horse.
The oath was to defend Helen and him who might
be chosen to marry her if ever they should be
wronged. When he had
sworn the suitors, he buried the horse. Tyndareus
then chose as the husband of Helen Menalaus

10. Additional Information:
1195 BCE – Paris abducts her
1186 BCE – Start of Trojan war
1176 BCE – End of Trojan war – she leaves
with Menelaus
1168 BCE – She arrives back at Sparta after 8
years in Egypt
1166 BCE – Telemachus visits her for news of
Odysseus.
1146 BCE – Her death at an old age.

11. Guess Me I 3.
Menalaus

12. Guess Me I 4.
River SIMOIS/
Simoeis

13. Additional Information:
Simoeis had two daughters who were
married into the Trojan royal family. One
daughter, Astyoche, was married
to Erichthonius, and the other
daughter, Hieromneme was the wife
of Assaracus. When the gods took sides in
the Trojan War, Simoeis supported the
Trojans.

14. Additional Information:
Scamander, which was also called by the gods as Xanthus
another river who also supported the Trojans, called upon
Simoeis for help in his battle against Achilles:
"Come to my aid with all speed, fill your streams with water
from your springs, stir up all your torrents, stand high in a
great wave, and rouse a mighty roar of timbers and rocks,
so we can stop this savage man who in his strength is
raging like the gods." (Iliad, 21.311-15).
• Before Simoeis could respond, Hephaestus was able to save
Achilles by subduing Scamander with flame.

15. Guess Me I 5.
Protesilaus
& Laodamia

16. Guess Me I 6.
King Priam of Troy

17. Guess Me I 7.
Queen Hecuba of Troy

18. Additional Information:
Cassandra, the seer with
twin sister Helenius.
Deiphobus who appeared
to Hector during his fight
with Achilles.

19. List of King Priam’s Children

20. List of King Priam’s Children

21. List of King Priam’s Children

22. List of King Priam’s Children

23. Guess Me I 8.
Chryseis

24. Additional Information:
When Chryseis was returned to her father,
Agamemnon got angry and sent 2 of his
squires to Achilles’ tent to take the prize of
Honor away from Achilles.

25. Guess Me I 9.
Briseis

26. Additional Information:
• She was the prize of Achilles.
• In our book, she was named as “MAIDEN”
which a young girl or unmarried. However,
from two accounts I have read it was said that:
• Briseis was married to King Mynes 2 of
Lyrnessus, a city east of Mount Ida that
was Troy's ally.
• When Achilles sacked Lyrnessus, he slew
Briseis' husband and her three brothers, and
brought her to the Achaean camp as her
prize.

27. Guess Me I 10.
Women (Symbolism)

28. Guess Me I 11.
Aeneas

29. Additional Information:
In the movie, Paris gave the sword of Troy to him as they
escaped together with Helen and Andromache.
In the book:
• There was a fight between Aeneas and Diomedes, and
when Diomedes wounded Aeneas, Aphrodite lifted
him.
• It was also mentioned in the book that Diomedes
knew that Aphrodite was a coward goddess. And as
she was taking Aeneas, Diomedes leaped toward
Aphrodite and wounded her hand.
So, Aphrodite crying in pain, she let Aeneas to fall.

30. Additional Information:
Also, it was mentioned that Zeus was smiling to
see the laughter-loving god crying. And so, he
ordered Aphrodite to stay away from the battle
because she is the goddess of Love and not War.
On the other hand, Apollo did not let Aeneas die
instead, he enveloped him with clouds and
carried him to sacred place called PERGAMOS.

31. Guess Me I 12.
Pergamos

32. Guess Me I 13.
Hector

33. Additional Information:
• He is also known as “tamer of horses”
• He uses Bronze Spear in fighting.

34. Guess Me I 14.
Calchas

35. Guess Me I 15.
Nestor

36. Additional Information:
• He helps persuade Agamemnon to offer a
compensation to Achilles in book 9.
• This was the event when Odysseus and the
other two chieftains went to Achilles tent to
offer him and convince him to fight again with
them, but Achilles denied the offer from
Agamemnon.
• And in book 11, he urges Patroclus to ask
Achilles to let him lead his men into the battle
which led to Patroclus death.

37. Guess Me I 16.
Antilochus

38. Guess Me I 17.
The Myrmidons

39. Additional Information:
In the poet Hesiod’s Catalogue of
Women, Aeacus, the son of Zeus and the
nymph Aegina, grows up alone on the deserted
island of Aegina. (In Ovid’s Metamorphoses, the
island has been devastated by a plague.)
In answer to Aeacus’s prayers for company, Zeus
transforms the island’s ants into men and women
who are called the Myrmidons.

40. Additional Information:
Either Aeacus or his son Peleus takes the people
to Thessaly, and from there they follow Peleus’s
son Achilles to fight at Troy. Later accounts tell of
the Myrmidons’ move from Thessaly to Aegina;
the fact that Mount Pelion (from Peleus) in
Thessaly was named long ago may indicate that
this story is an early one.

41. Additional Information:
According to the writer of the
mythography Bibliotheca (1st or 2nd
century AD; Library), the Myrmidons were
descended from Myrmidon, the son of Zeus and
Eurymedusa, who was seduced by Zeus in the
form of an ant.
These are the characters which was not
mentioned by previous presenter but are present
in Trojan War.
Now let us proceed to Sequencing Important
Event in Trojan War.

42. Sequencing of Events

43. Sequencing Events
1. Helen was introduced
2. King Tyndareus chose King Menelaus to
be Helen’s Wife.
Oath of King Tyndareus.
3. Paris and Oenone were introduced
4. Aphrodite gave Paris his price.

44. 5. King Tyndareus Oath—summoned all
Greece to help Menelaus to turn Troy into Ashes.
However, two of the first rank were missing…
6. A thousand ships were to be launched by
Greeks. But Artemis was angry….
• Iphigenia…
7. The Greeks reached the River Simois.
The story of Protesilaus and Laodamia.
8. King Priam, Queen Hecuba and Hector
zzzwere introduced.

45. 9. 9th year of war between Trojans and Greeks.
• ChryseisConflict between Agamemnon and
Achilles happened.
• Apollo shot fiery arrows down upon the Greek
Army.
• Achilles and Calchas talked and suggest that
Chryseis must be given back to his father.
• Agamemnon took from Achilles his prize,
Briseis.

46. 10. The war by now had reached Olympus
Trojan Side
Thetis went to Zeus and asked him to give success
to the Trojans.
Aphrodite on the side of Paris.
Ares always on the side of Aphrodite.
Apollo cared for Hector and so his twin sister
Artemis.
Zeus liked the Trojans best, but was trying to be
neutral.
Greek Side
Athena & Hera because of the Judgement of Paris.

47. 11. Zeus plan was simple….
12. Paris VS Menelaus;
Aphrodite intervenes…
13. Almost the end of the war;
Athena intervenes…
14. The battle was on again.
15. Aeneas VS Diomedes.
• Apollo saved Aeneas at Pergamos.
16. Diomedes raged on, working Havoc in Trojan
ranks until he came face to face with Hector….

48. 17. Without Ares, Trojans were forced to fall back.
18. A brother of Hector…
19. Hector went back to the battle. There on the
wall he had a talk with his wife Andromache with
his son Astyanax. As seen in the movie.
20. Zeus remembered his promise to Thetis…

49. 21. Nestor advised Agamemnon to return Briseis
back to Achilles…
• Odysseus brought the offer to Achilles which
he refused.
22. Greeks were falling. Here had laid her plan…
23. Ajax VS Hector…
24. Zeus was awakened…
25. Patroclus’ fate…

50. 26. Fleet-footed Antilochus brought the news to
Achilles.
27. Thetis asked Hephaestus to make an armor
for Achilles.
28. Father Zeus hung his Golden Balances and
Hectors’ sank down.
29. Even the great rivers of Troy, the
Xanthus/Scamander took part and strove down
Achilles as he crossed its waters.
30. Gods were seizing each other up in
Olympus…

51. 31. Achilles VS Hector
• Beside Achilles was Athena but Hector was
alone.
• Athena intervenes…
• When Achilles hurled his spear, it missed but
Athena brought it back so it wounded Hector.
• Hector struck his spear and it hit Achilles’ shield
but the armor was magical that it could not be
pierced.
• Hector turned quickly to Deiphobus to get his spear
but Deihphobus was gone. Then he realized that it was
an illusion made by Athena.
• Hector knew then that it was his end.

52. 32. Hector was wearing the armor of Achilles, the one
he took from Patroclus. So, Achilles aimed at an opening
in the armor near the throat and that is where Achilles
drove the spearpoint in.
33. Hector fell dying with his last words:
“Bring back my body to my father and mother”
34. Achilles tied Hector’s body at the back of his
chariot…
35. They lamented for 9 days. The funeral of Hector,
the tamer of horses.
And this with it, the Iliad ends.

53. Generalization

54. What do you thinks is the
significance of Trojan War in
present time?

55. The end
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