Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality has two parts: dynamics and structure. The dynamics involve three levels of consciousness - conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The unconscious contains urges and desires we are unaware of but influence our behavior. Personality is determined by suppressed experiences in the unconscious. The structure consists of the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego balances id and reality, and the superego works from a moral perspective based on lessons from parents and society. A balanced relationship between these three leads to a healthy, integrated personality.

1. PSYCHO-ANALYTIC APPROACH
BY:
SIGMUND FREUD

2.  personality is to be understood in terms of
interactions and conflicts arising out of the
needs and impulses of an individual.
 Some of which at least operate at an
unconscious level

3. FREUDS THEORY OF PERSONALITY
 Psycho analytic theory of Freud has two
major parts
 1.theory of personality dynamics
 2.theory of personality structure

4. THEORY OF PERSONALITY
DYNAMICS
 Freud postulated a dynamic concept of
personality by exploring the unconscious part
of human mind
 According to Freud the human mind has
three levels of consciousness-the conscious,
the preconscious and the unconscious

5. CONSCIOUS MIND
• Only level of mental life that are directly
available to us
• The awareness of our own mental
process (Thoughts/feeling)
• Layer of mind which contains
memories,thoughts,and desires of which
the individual concerned is aware at a
given moment.

6. PRECONSCIOUS MIND
• This layer stands between conscious and
unconscious part of the mind.
• Facts stored in a part of the brain, which
are not conscious but are available for
possible use in the future
 (E.g. A person will never think of her
home address at that moment but when
her friend ask for it, she can easily recall
it)

7. UNCONSCIOUS MIND
• Contains all the feeling, urges or instinct
that are beyond our awareness but it
affect our expression, feeling, action
 (E.g. Slip of tongue, dreams, wishes)

8.  Freud believed that the most important
factor in psychic activity (behaviour) is
unconsciousness.
 The unsatisfied desires and painful
experiences of the individual are forced down
to the unconscious layer of the
mind(repression)
 Personality of an individual is determined by
the suppressed desires and experiences that
constitute the unconscious mind.

9.  Repression of feelings and desires result in
blocking up of the libido(the psychic energy
that provide energy for all mental activities.)
 It give birth to severe anxietyand conflicts
leading to mental illness and abnormal
personality development.

10. THEORY OF PERSONALITY STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY
Consist of three parts :
1.Id
2.Ego
3.Superego

11. ID(libidinal energy)
• Is the original system of personality
• It is the reservoir of psychic energy
• It furnishes all energy for the
functioning of ego and superego
• Infants are born with Id intact

12. • Operates on PLEASURE PRINCIPE – to gain
pleasure, avoid pain
• It is not concerned with good or bad, right or
wrong, real or un real.
• For reduction of tension it chooses a path
which is most pleasurable to the individual.

13.  There are two processes employed by the id
for the fulfillment of its goal
 1.reflex action
 2.primary process

14. Reflex action
 Are inborn and automatic like sneezing and
blinking.They reduce the tension
immediately
 PRIMARY PROCESS
 It attempt to discharge the function by
formulating an image of an object or action
that will produce pressure and thus remove
the tension.

15.  The objects or action thus selected by the id
for deserving pleasure are said to be cathexes
 Eg:sucking thumb

16. . Ego
• The ego develops out of id
• It derives energy from id
• Apart from id ego has no existence
• .The rational level of personality
• Operates on REALITY PRINCIPLES – does
realistic and logical thinking
• The balance between Id and Superego

17.  Ego operates by means of the secondary
process.ie,realistic thinking
 Principle of reality is concerned with whether
an experience is true or false.
 The ego formulate a plan for the satisfaction
of the need and executes it, keeping in to
consideration the reality principle.

18.  Its main role is to mediate between the
instinctual requirements of the organism and
the realities posed by the environment.
 Relationship between id and ego is similar to
the relationship between a horse(id) and a
rider(ego).usually the rider determines the
direction of horse, there are sometimes when
it is the horse who leads the rider.

19. Superego
• The super ego develops out of ego’s
experience with social reality.
• Partially unconscious
• Operates on MORAL PRINCIPLES
• Able to differentiate between good and bad,
right and wrong

20.  It develops as a result of Childs
interaction with parents,teachers,social
code of conduct, religious values etc.
 It represents ideal rather than real
 Its main concern is to decide whether
something is right or wrong
 If people follow their superego, they will
feel proud but if they don’t follow, they
will feel guilty and anxious

21. Two subsystem of super ego
 Edo ideal
 Ego ideal is formed through reward
 It is developed by the feeling of pride
 Conscience
 Conscience is arise as a result of punishment
 It is developed by the feeling of guilt

22. Introjections
 With the formation of the super ego the
reward and punishments are substituted by
self control.This process of adoption is called
introjections
 Id represents the biological urge that seeks
pleasure, ego represents the psychological
need tackled from the point of view of reality
and super ego is the social self which seeks
perfection.

23.  In normal circumstances the three works
together as a team, under the leadership of
ego
 The ego postponed the gratification of the
need, the id wants gratification right way, the
super ego conflict with both. if ego wins over
both id and super ego by keeping a balance, it
leads to an integrated personality.