Mania is defined as a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week. It can be classified as mixed states with both manic and depressive features, hypomania with less sleep needs and increased goal-motivated behavior, or associated with bipolar disorder. Causes may include genetic, biochemical, seasonal, or stressful life influences. Signs include inflated self-esteem, decreased sleep needs, pressured speech, distractibility, and risky behaviors. Treatment involves psychological therapies and organic treatments like mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, or benzodiazepines to control symptoms.

1. mania
YAHAYA ABUBAKAR
JIKA
Bnsc
1

2. InstRUctIonAl oBJectIves
At the end of this class student
should be able to;
Define mania.
List the classification of mania.
List the signs and symptoms of
mania.
List the causes of mania.
List the treatment modalities of
mania. 2

3. introduction
A Mania is a distinct period
during which there is an
abnormally and persistently
elevated, expansive, or irritable
mood. This period of abnormal
mood must last at least 1 week (or
less if hospitalization is required).
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4. definition
Mania is the mood of an
abnormally elevated arousal
energy level.
Mania is a state of extreme
physical and emotional elation.
The word is derives from
the Greek (mania) meaning
"madness, frenzy" 4

5. ClassifiCation
Mania can be classify into 3; these are
Mixed states; In a mixed state the
individual has co-occurring manic and
depressive features.
Hypomania; In hypomania, there is less
need for sleep and both goal-motivated
behavior and metabolism increase.
Associated disorders; A single manic
episode is sufficient to diagnose bipolar I
disorder 5

6. CaUsEs
The exert mechanism by which
mania occurs is not yet known.
Based on the mechanism of action of
antimanic agents and abnormalities
seen in patients experiencing a manic
episode the following factors are
noted
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7. CON’T
A person may experience mania as a
result of a range of factors, including:
 stressful events
 genetic factors
 biochemical factors
(neurotransmitter abnormalities or
imbalances)
 seasonal influences
 bipolar affective disorder (BPAD).
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8. signs and symptoms
 The mood disturbance must be accompanied by at
least three of the following symptoms;
 Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
 Decreased need for sleep
 pressure to keep talking
 Flight of ideas
 Distractibility
 Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor
agitation
 Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that
have a high potential for painful consequences
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9. TreaTmenT modaliTies
There are basically 2 types
treatment modalities;
Psychological
Treatments
Organic Treatments
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10.  Organic Treatments; this involve the used
of drugs
 Mood stabilizers:
 lithium (0.6—1.2 mEq/L)
 carbamazepine (6—12 mg/L)
 valproate (50—125 mg/L)
 Anticonvulsants:
 gabapentine
 topiramate
 lamotrigine
 Agitated or psychotic patient –
coadministartion of
 antipsychotics of second generation
(olanzapine, risperidone)
 Benzodiazepines (lorazepam, clonazepam)
10

11. nursing inTervenTion
Develop a relationship with the person based
on empathy and trust.
Ensure that the person remains free from
injury.
Assist the person to decrease their agitation
and hyperactivity.
Promote positive health behaviors, including
medication compliance and healthy lifestyle
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12. CON’T
Promote the person’s engagement with
their social and support network.
Ensure effective collaboration with other
relevant service providers, through
development of effective working
relationships and communication.
Support and promote self-care activities
for families and carers of the person with
mania. 12

13. SUMMARY
A Mania is a distinct period during
which there is an abnormally and
persistently elevated, expansive, or
irritable mood.
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