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The document summarizes four internet protocols: SMTP, IMAP, POP3, and DNS. SMTP is used for email transmission and uses port 25. IMAP allows clients to access email on remote servers and uses port 143. POP3 is also used for email retrieval but supports a download-and-delete model, using port 110. DNS translates domain names to IP addresses, allowing users to locate internet services by name.
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Application layer
HTTP is an application layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents across the internet. It uses a request-response model where clients make requests which are serviced by HTTP servers. Common HTTP request methods include GET, POST, PUT and DELETE. A GET request retrieves a resource from the server, while POST submits data to be processed. The HTTP protocol defines the format of requests and responses, including request headers, response status codes and more. Other application layer protocols discussed include SMTP for email transmission and POP3 for retrieving emails from a server.
Application layer in network system
The application layer is the topmost layer of the OSI model. It provides services to software applications and users including email, file transfer, web access, and directory services. Domain Name Service (DNS) translates human-friendly domain names to IP addresses, allowing applications and users to access resources by name. Electronic mail systems use SMTP for message transfer between mail servers and access protocols like POP and IMAP for users to retrieve messages from their mailboxes on servers. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) underlies the World Wide Web, with clients making requests from and servers responding with web pages and other objects. While the application layer enables useful services, special client software or proxy servers may be required, and intensive processing is needed for applications
Application layer
The document discusses various application layer protocols including DNS, SMTP, FTP, HTTP, and web applications. It provides the following key points:
- Application layer protocols are divided into those used directly by users like email and those that support user protocols like DNS.
- DNS translates domain names to IP addresses to direct web traffic. SMTP is used for email transmission over the internet while FTP transfers files.
- HTTP transfers web pages over the internet in a similar way to FTP but delivers messages immediately unlike SMTP's store-and-forward system.
- The world wide web is a collection of globally linked web pages accessed through URLs over HTTP using the client-server model of a web server producing and delivering information to
Chapter3
The document describes application layer protocols and services including:
- Application layer protocols provide end-user applications with network services and include HTTP, DNS, DHCP, SMTP/POP, and Telnet.
- Peer-to-peer applications allow devices to act as both clients and servers to share resources without a dedicated server.
- Common application layer functions are establishing communication rules, structuring message formats, and defining interactions with lower layers.
Application layer
The document discusses computer networks and email. It describes how DNS works by converting domain names to IP addresses so humans can access websites using names instead of numbers. It then explains the basic architecture of email, including common email providers and protocols like SMTP, POP, and IMAP. SMTP is used to transfer messages between servers, while POP and IMAP deal with receiving and accessing emails from the server. The document also provides details on email message format, with the header containing sender/recipient info and the body containing the actual content.
Application layer
The document discusses application layer architectures and protocols. It describes host-based, client-based, and client-server architectures and how functions are distributed in each. Popular applications like the World Wide Web and email are then explained, including how protocols like HTTP and SMTP enable them. Key application layer standards and their roles are defined.
Introduction to Application layer
The application layer is the top layer of the OSI model and controls how applications communicate over a network. It provides services for applications including mail, file transfer, domain name translation and network security. Protocols at this layer include HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS and others that allow applications to access remote files and exchange messages over the internet in a standardized way. The application layer hides the complexities of the underlying network from applications and ensures reliable and secure communication between devices.
Application layer
The document discusses the Domain Name System (DNS) and how it works to translate domain names to IP addresses. It explains the hierarchical structure of domain names from top-level domains down to subdomains. It also describes how DNS servers store and retrieve resource records containing IP address mappings for domain names. Finally, it provides examples of common resource record types used in the DNS.
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Application layer
HTTP is an application layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents across the internet. It uses a request-response model where clients make requests which are serviced by HTTP servers. Common HTTP request methods include GET, POST, PUT and DELETE. A GET request retrieves a resource from the server, while POST submits data to be processed. The HTTP protocol defines the format of requests and responses, including request headers, response status codes and more. Other application layer protocols discussed include SMTP for email transmission and POP3 for retrieving emails from a server.
Application layer in network system
The application layer is the topmost layer of the OSI model. It provides services to software applications and users including email, file transfer, web access, and directory services. Domain Name Service (DNS) translates human-friendly domain names to IP addresses, allowing applications and users to access resources by name. Electronic mail systems use SMTP for message transfer between mail servers and access protocols like POP and IMAP for users to retrieve messages from their mailboxes on servers. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) underlies the World Wide Web, with clients making requests from and servers responding with web pages and other objects. While the application layer enables useful services, special client software or proxy servers may be required, and intensive processing is needed for applications
Application layer
The document discusses various application layer protocols including DNS, SMTP, FTP, HTTP, and web applications. It provides the following key points:
- Application layer protocols are divided into those used directly by users like email and those that support user protocols like DNS.
- DNS translates domain names to IP addresses to direct web traffic. SMTP is used for email transmission over the internet while FTP transfers files.
- HTTP transfers web pages over the internet in a similar way to FTP but delivers messages immediately unlike SMTP's store-and-forward system.
- The world wide web is a collection of globally linked web pages accessed through URLs over HTTP using the client-server model of a web server producing and delivering information to
Chapter3
The document describes application layer protocols and services including:
- Application layer protocols provide end-user applications with network services and include HTTP, DNS, DHCP, SMTP/POP, and Telnet.
- Peer-to-peer applications allow devices to act as both clients and servers to share resources without a dedicated server.
- Common application layer functions are establishing communication rules, structuring message formats, and defining interactions with lower layers.
Application layer
The document discusses computer networks and email. It describes how DNS works by converting domain names to IP addresses so humans can access websites using names instead of numbers. It then explains the basic architecture of email, including common email providers and protocols like SMTP, POP, and IMAP. SMTP is used to transfer messages between servers, while POP and IMAP deal with receiving and accessing emails from the server. The document also provides details on email message format, with the header containing sender/recipient info and the body containing the actual content.
Application layer
The document discusses application layer architectures and protocols. It describes host-based, client-based, and client-server architectures and how functions are distributed in each. Popular applications like the World Wide Web and email are then explained, including how protocols like HTTP and SMTP enable them. Key application layer standards and their roles are defined.
Introduction to Application layer
The application layer is the top layer of the OSI model and controls how applications communicate over a network. It provides services for applications including mail, file transfer, domain name translation and network security. Protocols at this layer include HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS and others that allow applications to access remote files and exchange messages over the internet in a standardized way. The application layer hides the complexities of the underlying network from applications and ensures reliable and secure communication between devices.
Application layer
The document discusses the Domain Name System (DNS) and how it works to translate domain names to IP addresses. It explains the hierarchical structure of domain names from top-level domains down to subdomains. It also describes how DNS servers store and retrieve resource records containing IP address mappings for domain names. Finally, it provides examples of common resource record types used in the DNS.
File tranfer protocol
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an application layer protocol for transferring files between a client and server over TCP. It uses separate connections for control information (on port 21 by default) and data transfer (on port 20 by default). Common FTP commands allow users to navigate directories, retrieve and store files. FTP supports different data representations like ASCII, EBCDIC and binary. It provides features like error control, access control and transmission modes like stream, block and compressed. Variants include FTPS (FTP over SSL/TLS), FTPES (FTP over explicit SSL/TLS) and TFTP (trivial file transfer without authentication over UDP).
Jaimin chp-7 - application layer- 2011 batch
The document summarizes key concepts related to computer networks and internet protocols. It discusses domain name system (DNS) which allows hosts to be referred to using names instead of IP addresses. It also describes electronic mail protocols like SMTP, POP3, IMAP and message formats. Other topics covered include application layer protocols like HTTP, FTP; network programming using sockets; multimedia protocols like MIME; and video and audio streaming protocols.
Application layer
DNS maps domain names to IP addresses by using a distributed database and servers. It translates human-friendly domain names like www.example.com to numerical IP addresses like 192.0.2.1 that computers use to locate each other on the network. The DNS database contains resource records that associate domain names with IP addresses and other information. Name servers query the DNS database to resolve domain names and return IP addresses to applications and users.
Application layer
This document discusses the application layer of computer networking. It covers several key topics:
1. DNS is used to translate domain names to IP addresses in a hierarchical structure.
2. Email systems use protocols like SMTP for message transfer and POP3 for users to retrieve messages from their email server.
3. The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the HTTP protocol. Web browsers use URLs to fetch and display web pages from servers.
Networking:) Based on Ethical Hacking And Cyber Security
The document provides an overview of TCP/IP and related networking protocols. It discusses how TCP/IP works at the network layer to transmit data between applications and computers. Key points covered include:
- TCP/IP is made up of several protocols including TCP, IP, UDP, and ICMP that handle tasks like data transmission, packet routing, and error handling.
- TCP and IP work together, with TCP breaking data into packets and reassembling them, and IP addressing packets and routing them between computers.
- Other common protocols like HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, POP, IMAP, and FTP build upon TCP/IP to transmit web pages, emails, and files.
- Network devices require IP
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for transferring computer files between a client and server on a network. It was first specified in 1971 and uses TCP for reliable transmission. FTP is commonly used to access software archives and exchange files between computers. It works by uploading files from a personal computer to an FTP server or downloading files from the server. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is used to transfer email messages between servers. It was first published in 1982 and works by specifying senders, recipients, and message text in a series of commands.
Information on protocols-email protocols
The document discusses several internet protocols including IP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, POP3, IMAP, SMTP, and MIME. IP defines how data is sent between computers on the internet using packets. HTTP and HTTPS govern how data is exchanged over the world wide web, with HTTPS providing encryption. FTP, POP3, IMAP, and SMTP define standards for file transfer and email transmission, storage, and access between servers and clients. MIME extended email to allow transmission of non-text files.
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Pop
POP is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from remote servers over TCP/IP connections. POP and IMAP are the two most prevalent protocols for email retrieval, with POP3 being the current standard version of POP that is supported by nearly all modern email clients and servers.
Lecture application layer
The document discusses slides being made freely available for use in substantially unaltered form with attribution, notes the copyright of the material, and encourages readers to enjoy the slides on topics including principles of network applications, popular protocols like HTTP, FTP, and DNS, and socket programming.
Application Layer
The document outlines a syllabus for a computer networks course taught by Usha Barad. The syllabus covers 5 topics: 1) introduction to computer networks and the Internet, 2) application layer, 3) transport layer, 4) network layer, and 5) link layer and local area networks. It also lists recommended reference books for the course.
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The document discusses the application layer of the OSI model and common application layer protocols. It describes how protocols like HTTP, SMTP, POP, FTP, and SMB allow end-user applications to transfer files, emails and web pages across the network. DNS and DHCP are also covered as they provide important network services like translating domain names to IP addresses and assigning IP configuration to devices.
Internet protocols
This document defines and describes several common internet protocols: HTTP is used for transmitting multimedia web content. HTTPS provides secure communication over networks using SSL. SSH allows for secure data transfer and remote access. POP3 downloads email from servers to computers. NTP synchronizes computer clock times across networks to the millisecond. SSL manages secure messaging. SMS exchanges short text messages between devices using standard protocols.
Application Layer
The document discusses several topics related to computer networks including DHCP, DNS, Telnet, SSH, FTP, HTTP, and electronic mail protocols. It describes how DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. It also explains the domain name system (DNS), which maps human-friendly domain names to IP addresses and vice versa, allowing computers to connect to other computers using names instead of numeric IP addresses. Additional sections cover protocols for remote login (Telnet, SSH), file transfer (FTP), web protocols (HTTP, URLs, cookies), and electronic mail (SMTP, POP, IMAP, MIME).
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This document provides an overview of the Domain Name System (DNS) including its hierarchical structure, services, and protocol. DNS acts as a distributed database that maps hostnames to IP addresses and vice versa. It is implemented through a global hierarchy of root servers, top-level domain servers like .com and .edu, and authoritative name servers for each organization. DNS uses a query/response system to look up mappings in a recursive or iterative process. Caching improves efficiency.
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The document summarizes the application layer of the OSI model. It discusses the World Wide Web and how browsers work to fetch and display web pages. It describes the client-server model of the web including how browsers resolve URLs and make requests to web servers. It also covers HTML, URLs, DNS, and how static and dynamic web pages are generated both on the client-side using JavaScript and on the server-side using languages like PHP.
Application protocols
Application protocols define how distributed processes communicate over a network. A typical network application uses a client-server model, with the client initiating requests and the server providing responses. Common application layer protocols include HTTP (for the web), SMTP (for email), FTP (for file transfer), SNMP (for network management), and POP3/IMAP (for accessing email stored on a server). These protocols use various message formats and interactions to provide user services over the underlying transport and network layers.
Computer network
This document provides an overview of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). It describes FTP as a client/server protocol for transferring files over the internet that runs over TCP. It discusses the control and data connections used in FTP, some basic FTP commands, and common FTP clients like FileZilla. Pros of FTP include its simple implementation and ability to resume partial transfers, while cons are its lack of security and difficulties filtering active connections.
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It is an association of paracetamol, analgesic that reduces pain and fever, chlorphenamine, antihistaminic that relieves nasal secretion and phenylephrine, which acts reducing nasal congestion.
It is indicated for the symptomatic relief of cold and influenza processes involving fever, mild to moderate pain, nasal congestion and secretion.
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File tranfer protocol
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an application layer protocol for transferring files between a client and server over TCP. It uses separate connections for control information (on port 21 by default) and data transfer (on port 20 by default). Common FTP commands allow users to navigate directories, retrieve and store files. FTP supports different data representations like ASCII, EBCDIC and binary. It provides features like error control, access control and transmission modes like stream, block and compressed. Variants include FTPS (FTP over SSL/TLS), FTPES (FTP over explicit SSL/TLS) and TFTP (trivial file transfer without authentication over UDP).
Jaimin chp-7 - application layer- 2011 batch
The document summarizes key concepts related to computer networks and internet protocols. It discusses domain name system (DNS) which allows hosts to be referred to using names instead of IP addresses. It also describes electronic mail protocols like SMTP, POP3, IMAP and message formats. Other topics covered include application layer protocols like HTTP, FTP; network programming using sockets; multimedia protocols like MIME; and video and audio streaming protocols.
Application layer
DNS maps domain names to IP addresses by using a distributed database and servers. It translates human-friendly domain names like www.example.com to numerical IP addresses like 192.0.2.1 that computers use to locate each other on the network. The DNS database contains resource records that associate domain names with IP addresses and other information. Name servers query the DNS database to resolve domain names and return IP addresses to applications and users.
Application layer
This document discusses the application layer of computer networking. It covers several key topics:
1. DNS is used to translate domain names to IP addresses in a hierarchical structure.
2. Email systems use protocols like SMTP for message transfer and POP3 for users to retrieve messages from their email server.
3. The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the HTTP protocol. Web browsers use URLs to fetch and display web pages from servers.
Networking:) Based on Ethical Hacking And Cyber Security
The document provides an overview of TCP/IP and related networking protocols. It discusses how TCP/IP works at the network layer to transmit data between applications and computers. Key points covered include:
- TCP/IP is made up of several protocols including TCP, IP, UDP, and ICMP that handle tasks like data transmission, packet routing, and error handling.
- TCP and IP work together, with TCP breaking data into packets and reassembling them, and IP addressing packets and routing them between computers.
- Other common protocols like HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, POP, IMAP, and FTP build upon TCP/IP to transmit web pages, emails, and files.
- Network devices require IP
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10 Of The Best Books About TCP/IP And Networking
1.Internet Core Protocols: The Definitive Guide: Help for Network Administrators
2.Effective TCP/IP Programming: 44 Tips to Improve Your Network Programs
3.TCP/IP Explained
4.High-Speed Networks TCP/IP and ATM Design Principles
5.TCP/IP: Architecture, Protocols, and Implementation with IPv6 and IP
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FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for transferring computer files between a client and server on a network. It was first specified in 1971 and uses TCP for reliable transmission. FTP is commonly used to access software archives and exchange files between computers. It works by uploading files from a personal computer to an FTP server or downloading files from the server. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is used to transfer email messages between servers. It was first published in 1982 and works by specifying senders, recipients, and message text in a series of commands.
Information on protocols-email protocols
The document discusses several internet protocols including IP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, POP3, IMAP, SMTP, and MIME. IP defines how data is sent between computers on the internet using packets. HTTP and HTTPS govern how data is exchanged over the world wide web, with HTTPS providing encryption. FTP, POP3, IMAP, and SMTP define standards for file transfer and email transmission, storage, and access between servers and clients. MIME extended email to allow transmission of non-text files.
Internet protocols
This document outlines several common internet protocols: HTTP is the foundation of web data communication; FTP transfers computer files between locations; SMS allows short text messages between phones and computers; HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP; IMAP enables shared access to mailboxes; SSL securely transmits important documents online; and SSH securely communicates between computers on the same network. The document provides brief definitions of these key internet protocols.
Pop
POP is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from remote servers over TCP/IP connections. POP and IMAP are the two most prevalent protocols for email retrieval, with POP3 being the current standard version of POP that is supported by nearly all modern email clients and servers.
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The document discusses slides being made freely available for use in substantially unaltered form with attribution, notes the copyright of the material, and encourages readers to enjoy the slides on topics including principles of network applications, popular protocols like HTTP, FTP, and DNS, and socket programming.
Application Layer
The document outlines a syllabus for a computer networks course taught by Usha Barad. The syllabus covers 5 topics: 1) introduction to computer networks and the Internet, 2) application layer, 3) transport layer, 4) network layer, and 5) link layer and local area networks. It also lists recommended reference books for the course.
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The document discusses the application layer of the OSI model and common application layer protocols. It describes how protocols like HTTP, SMTP, POP, FTP, and SMB allow end-user applications to transfer files, emails and web pages across the network. DNS and DHCP are also covered as they provide important network services like translating domain names to IP addresses and assigning IP configuration to devices.
Internet protocols
This document defines and describes several common internet protocols: HTTP is used for transmitting multimedia web content. HTTPS provides secure communication over networks using SSL. SSH allows for secure data transfer and remote access. POP3 downloads email from servers to computers. NTP synchronizes computer clock times across networks to the millisecond. SSL manages secure messaging. SMS exchanges short text messages between devices using standard protocols.
Application Layer
The document discusses several topics related to computer networks including DHCP, DNS, Telnet, SSH, FTP, HTTP, and electronic mail protocols. It describes how DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. It also explains the domain name system (DNS), which maps human-friendly domain names to IP addresses and vice versa, allowing computers to connect to other computers using names instead of numeric IP addresses. Additional sections cover protocols for remote login (Telnet, SSH), file transfer (FTP), web protocols (HTTP, URLs, cookies), and electronic mail (SMTP, POP, IMAP, MIME).
Chapter 2 : Application Layer
This document provides an overview of the Domain Name System (DNS) including its hierarchical structure, services, and protocol. DNS acts as a distributed database that maps hostnames to IP addresses and vice versa. It is implemented through a global hierarchy of root servers, top-level domain servers like .com and .edu, and authoritative name servers for each organization. DNS uses a query/response system to look up mappings in a recursive or iterative process. Caching improves efficiency.
Unit 5 application layer
The document summarizes the application layer of the OSI model. It discusses the World Wide Web and how browsers work to fetch and display web pages. It describes the client-server model of the web including how browsers resolve URLs and make requests to web servers. It also covers HTML, URLs, DNS, and how static and dynamic web pages are generated both on the client-side using JavaScript and on the server-side using languages like PHP.
Application protocols
Application protocols define how distributed processes communicate over a network. A typical network application uses a client-server model, with the client initiating requests and the server providing responses. Common application layer protocols include HTTP (for the web), SMTP (for email), FTP (for file transfer), SNMP (for network management), and POP3/IMAP (for accessing email stored on a server). These protocols use various message formats and interactions to provide user services over the underlying transport and network layers.
Computer network
This document provides an overview of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). It describes FTP as a client/server protocol for transferring files over the internet that runs over TCP. It discusses the control and data connections used in FTP, some basic FTP commands, and common FTP clients like FileZilla. Pros of FTP include its simple implementation and ability to resume partial transfers, while cons are its lack of security and difficulties filtering active connections.
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Email
Electronic mail, commonly known as email, allows digital messages to be exchanged between an author and recipients over the Internet or other computer networks. Modern email systems operate on a store-and-forward model where messages are stored on a remote server until the recipient downloads it using protocols like SMTP, POP, or IMAP. These protocols control how email is transmitted, stored, and accessed between clients and servers.
Mail server
A mail server is a computer that handles email delivery. It implements the client and server portions of SMTP to reliably transfer messages between servers using TCP on port 25. A mail server stores users' incoming emails in their mailboxes and queues outgoing messages to be sent. IMAP and POP3 are additional protocols that allow users to access their mailboxes to read and manage messages.
Mail server
A mail server is a computer that handles email delivery. It implements the client and server portions of SMTP to reliably transfer messages between servers using TCP port 25. A mail server stores users' incoming emails in their mailboxes and queues outgoing messages to be sent. The major components of electronic mail systems are user agents for composing/reading mail, mail servers for message storage and transfer using SMTP, and protocols like POP3 and IMAP for users to access their mailboxes.
Protocols in computer network
Protocols define rules and standards for communication in computer networks. The document discusses several key network protocols including TCP/IP, POP3, SMTP, IMAP, VoIP, RTSP, HTTPS, DHCP, ICMP, UDP, FTP, ARP, Telnet and the OSI model. TCP/IP is the most widely used protocol suite consisting of TCP and IP which were the first networking protocols. Other protocols discussed include those for email (POP3, SMTP, IMAP), streaming media (RTSP), secure communication (HTTPS), network configuration (DHCP), error handling (ICMP), file transfer (FTP), address resolution (ARP), and remote terminal access (Telnet).
TCP RFC 793 TCPIP (Transmission Control ProtocolInternet Proto.pdf
TCP : RFC 793
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language
or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network
(either an intranet or an extranet). When you are set up with direct access to the Internet, your
computer is provided with a copy of the TCP/IP program just as every other computer that you
may send messages to or get information from also has a copy of TCP/IP.
UDP: RFC 768
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is an alternative communications protocol to Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP) used primarily for establishing low-latency and loss tolerating
connections between applications on the Internet. Both UDP and TCP run on top of the Internet
Protocol (IP) and are sometimes referred to as UDP/IP or TCP/IP. Both protocols send short
packets of data, called datagrams.
UDP provides two services not provided by the IP layer. It provides port numbers to help
distinguish different user requests and, optionally, a checksum capability to verify that the data
arrived intact.
IPv4: RFC 791
Internet Protocol being a layer-3 protocol (OSI) takes data Segments from layer-4 (Transport)
and divides it into packets. IP packet encapsulates data unit received from above layer and add to
its own header information.
IPv4 is a connectionless protocol for use on packet-switched networks. It operates on a best
effort delivery model, in that it does not guarantee delivery, nor does it assure proper sequencing
or avoidance of duplicate delivery. These aspects, including data integrity, are addressed by an
upper layer transport protocol, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
IPv6 : RFC 2460
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is a set of specifications from the Internet Engineering Task
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to those of IPv4 -- devices can use IPv6 as source and destination addresses to pass packets over
a network, and tools like ping work for network testing as they do in IPv4, with some slight
variations.
The most obvious improvement in IPv6 over IPv4 is that IP addresses are lengthened from 32
bits to 128 bits. This extension anticipates considerable future growth of the Internet and
provides relief for what was perceived as an impending shortage of network addresses. IPv6 also
supports auto-configuration to help correct most of the shortcomings in version 4, and it has
integrated security and mobility features.
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HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of rules for transferring files (text, graphic
images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web. As soon as a Web
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application protocol that runs on top of the TCP/IP suite of protocols (the foundation protocols
for the Internet).
HTTP concepts include (as the Hypertext part of the name implies) the idea that .
Introduction to internet.
The document discusses several internet protocols including IP, SMTP, HTTP, FTP, and URLs. IP delivers packets between hosts based on addresses. SMTP is the standard for email transmission using ports 25 or 587. HTTP is the foundation of the World Wide Web. FTP transfers files between clients and servers using separate control and data connections. URLs identify resources on the internet and have the format of protocol://address/path/resource.
CCNA RS_ITN - Chapter 10
The document discusses application layer protocols and services. It describes how the application, session, and presentation layers work together to provide network services to end user applications. It provides examples of common application layer protocols like HTTP, SMTP, POP, and IMAP and how they enable services like web browsing and email. It also discusses protocols that provide IP addressing services like DNS and DHCP. The document outlines objectives for explaining application layer protocols, how they interact with applications, well-known examples, and how data moves across the network.
Email
MIME was proposed to address the limitations of RFC 822 for sending non-text messages over email. MIME defines encoding rules to allow messages in non-ASCII formats and non-text content like images, audio and video. It introduces new headers to identify the message type and encoding. Common types include text, images, audio and video. SMTP is used to transfer messages between machines and gateways allow communication between internet and non-internet sites. POP3 and IMAP are protocols for retrieving messages from remote mailboxes. PGP and S/MIME are used to encrypt messages for privacy over the public email infrastructure.
Sem 1 Ch 11
The document summarizes key concepts about the TCP/IP transport and application layers:
1) The transport layer provides five basic services: segmenting data, establishing end-to-end operations, transporting segments, ensuring data reliability, and providing flow control.
2) TCP uses a three-way handshake for connection establishment and positive acknowledgment with sequence numbers to ensure reliability.
3) Common transport layer protocols are TCP and UDP, with TCP being connection-oriented and reliable while UDP is connectionless.
4) The application layer defines protocols for functions like DNS, FTP, HTTP, SMTP, and Telnet.
Tcp
TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the Internet that defines rules for how computers communicate. It includes several protocols like TCP, UDP, IP, and ICMP. TCP/IP uses IP addresses and domain names to identify devices. It allows browsers to access servers, email programs to send and receive messages, and other Internet functions. TCP/IP is essential for electronic devices to connect and exchange data over the Internet.
Tcp and introduction to protocol
The document discusses several networking protocols including TCP/IP, Netware, IEEE 802 standards, IPX, UDP, IP, ARP, SMTP, POP, IMAP and more. It provides information on what each protocol is used for, such as IP being used for addressing, routing packet selection, and fragmentation. It also compares the OSI model, DoD model and TCP/IP protocol suite.
Tcpandintroductiontoprotocol 150618054958-lva1-app6892
The document discusses several networking protocols including TCP/IP, Netware, IEEE 802 standards, IPX, UDP, IP, ARP, SMTP, POP, IMAP and more. It provides information on what each protocol is used for, such as IP being used for addressing, routing packet selection, and fragmentation. It also compares the OSI model, DoD model and TCP/IP protocol suite, noting similarities and differences between the layers and protocols of each.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard protocol for electronic mail transmission. It was first defined in 1982 and became widely used in the early 1980s as a complement to UUCP mail. SMTP uses a client-server model where the client initiates a connection and sends messages to the server, which then acknowledges receipt. It allows messages to be transferred between machines that are intermittently connected. Common SMTP commands include HELO, MAIL FROM, RCPT TO, DATA, QUIT, and RSET. SMTP can be secured using SSL/TLS to encrypt the communication channel. The latest developments include supporting real-time dynamic content in emails and internationalized email addresses encoded in UTF-8.
Tcp/Ip Model
The document summarizes the TCP/IP model, which consists of 5 layers - application, transport, internet, and network access. The application layer supports protocols like HTTP, SNMP, SMTP, DNS, Telnet, and FTP. The transport layer includes the TCP and UDP protocols. TCP establishes reliable connections while UDP is used for small amounts of data. The internet layer handles IP, ICMP, and ARP. The network access layer transmits data physically on a network using protocols like Ethernet.
The TCP/IP and OSI models
This document provides an overview of the TCP/IP and OSI networking models, including:
1) Both models use a layered approach and were developed around the same time for standardizing network protocols, with TCP/IP focusing on practical implementation and OSI aiming for strict layering.
2) TCP/IP became the dominant model due to its flexibility and simplicity, while OSI provided a structured way to describe network functions.
3) Key protocols are mapped to their corresponding layers in each model, showing how they achieve similar communication goals with different approaches.
Small office Home office , network setup in details
This document provides an outline for a course on Small Office Home Office (SOHO) IT network setup. It includes chapters on network fundamentals like components, configurations and terminology. It also covers topics like email and file sharing setup. An initial section defines common network abbreviations.
Protocols
This document defines several common internet protocols: SMTP is the standard for email transmission and was last updated in 2008; POP3 allows downloading email from a server to a computer; IMAP enables accessing email on a remote server; NTP synchronizes clocks over a network; SSL manages security of messages; SMS is for text messaging; and FTP allows file transfer and downloading/uploading over the internet.
Ports and services
This document provides an overview of common network services and the ports they use. It describes services like DNS (port 53), DHCP (ports 67, 68), HTTP (port 80), HTTPS (port 443), FTP (port 21), SMTP (port 25), SMB (ports 445, 139), RDP (port 3389), and SQL (port 3306). Each service is defined along with the typical function it provides over a computer network and the client-server architecture most often used to deliver that service.
Application layer
The document discusses several key application layer protocols:
1. HTTP is used to transfer web pages over the internet using requests and responses between clients and servers. It operates over TCP port 80.
2. DNS is used to translate between hostnames and IP addresses in a hierarchical system of top-level and subdomain names. It allows humans to use easy-to-remember names.
3. FTP establishes two TCP connections to transfer files between a client and server, using different ports for control commands and the file data. It allows downloading and uploading of files.
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Protocol
- 1. Tutorial-2 1. Study of below given protocol: (i)SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an internet standard for electronic mail (e-mail) transmission across Internet Protocol (IP) networks. SMTP uses TCP Port 25. It uses Layer no. 3 (Network Layer). SMTP connections secured by SSL are known by the shorthand SMTPS. SMTP defined by RFC 821 and updated by standard RFC 5321. While electronic mail servers and other mail transfer agents use SMTP to send and receive mail messages, user-level client mail applications typically use SMTP only for sending messages to a mail server for relaying. (ii) IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is a protocol for e-mail retrieval. IMAP is an Application Layer Internet protocol that allows an e-mail client to access e-mail on a remote mail server. An IMAP server typically listens on well-known Port 143. IMAP over SSL (IMAPS) is assigned well-known port number 993. IMAP supports both on-line and off-line modes of operation.
- 2. (iii) POP3: Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection. POP and IMAP are the two most prevalent Internet standard protocols for e-mail retrieval, Virtually all modern e-mail clients and servers support both. Most webmail service providers such as Gmail and Yahoo! Mail provide both an IMAP and POP3 service. POP supports simple download-and-delete requirements for access to remote mailboxes. A POP3 server listens on well-known port110. (iv) DNS: The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities. Most prominently, it translates easily memorized domain names to the numerical IP addresses needed for the purpose of locating computer services and devices worldwide. Domain Name System is an essential component of the functionality of the Internet. For example, the domain name www.example.com translates to the addresses 192.0.43.10 (IPv4) and 2001:500:88:200::10 (IPv6).