2. Similar to BacteriaSimilar to Bacteria
Unicellular
One of the first groups of living things on Earth.
(1.5 billion years ago.)
Microscopic
Can cause disease.
Can be parasites
3. Difference from BacteriaDifference from Bacteria
Has a nucleus.
Live in watery environment.
Generally live as individual cells.
Protists vary greatly in appearance and function.
4. 3 Categories3 Categories
I. Animal-like Protists.
II. Plant-like Protists.
III. Fungus-like Protists.
5. I. Animal-like ProtistsI. Animal-like Protists
Protozoan means “First Animal”.
Cells contain a nucleus.
Cells lack a cell wall.
They are heterotrophs.
Most can move on their own.
6. 4 Groups of Animal-like4 Groups of Animal-like
ProtistsProtists
1. Sarcodines (SAHR-koh-dighnz)
2. Ciliates (SIHL-ee-ihts)
3. Flagellates (FLAJ- ehl-ihts)
4. Sporozoans (spohr-oh-ZOH-uhnz)
7. 1. Sarcodines1. Sarcodines
Have pseudopods (Greek:“false foot”)
Extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm.
Pseudopods are used for movement and to capture
food.
Many have shells.
These shells form limestone, marble and chalk.
8. One type:One type:
Most familiar
Sarcodine.
Pseudopods:
Blob shaped.
Contractile Vacuoles:
controls amount of
water inside
Food Vacuole: where
food is digested.
9. Split PersonalitySplit Personality
Amebas reproduce by
dividing into two new
cells (binary fission).
Amebas can respond
to their environment.
They are sensitive to
light and some
chemicals.
10. 2. Ciliates2. Ciliates
Have cilia on the
outside of their cells.
Tiny hair-like
projections used for
movement, to gather
food and as feelers.
11. Type: ParameciumType: Paramecium
Pellicle: tough outer
wall.
Slipper shaped
Oral groove: like the
mouth
Gullet: holds food.
Food Vacuole: digests
food.
Anal Pore: removes
wastes
2 Contractile Vacuoles
2 Nuclei
Reproduces by either
binary fission or
conjugation.
13. 4. Sporozoans4. Sporozoans
All Sporozans are parasites.
They feed on cells and body fluids.
Form from Spores (tiny reproductive cells).
Pass from one host to another.
Pass from ticks, mosquitoes or other animals to
humans.
14. II. Plant-like ProtistsII. Plant-like Protists
(Algae)(Algae)
Unicellular and Multicellular
Colonies (groups of unicellular protists)
Can move on their own
Autotrophs: make their own food from simple materials using light
energy (photosynthesis).
70% of the Earth’s oxygen is produced by Plant-like Protists!
Pigments: chemicals that produce color
15. 6 Groups of Plant like6 Groups of Plant like
ProtistsProtists
Euglenoids (yoo-GLEE-noydz)
Diatoms (DIGH-ah-tahmz)
Dinoflagellates (digh-noh-FLAJ-eh-layts)
Red Algae
Green Algae
Brown Algae
16. 1. Euglenoids1. Euglenoids
Green
Unicellular
Live in fresh water
Autotrophs, but can be
heterotrophs under certain
conditions.
Flagella
Eyespot: sensitive to light.
Chloroplasts
Pellicle
17. 2. Diatoms2. Diatoms
Unicellular
10,000 living species.
Aquatic
Glass like cell wall
Diatomaceous earth:
course powder that
comes from dead
diatoms (toothpaste,
car polish & reflective
paint.
18. 3. Dinoflagellates3. Dinoflagellates
Unicellular
Cell walls are like
plates of armor.
Two flagella
Spins when it moves.
Colorful (pigments)
Can glow in the dark.
Causes Red Tide
19. Red AlgaeRed Algae
Multicellular seaweeds
Live in deep ocean waters
Used for ice cream and hair
conditioner
Used as food in Asia
20. Green AlgaeGreen Algae
Most are unicellular
Some form colonies
Few are multicellular
Can live in fresh and salt water
and on land in damp places.
Very closely related to green
plants.
21. Brown AlgaeBrown Algae
Commonly called seaweed
Can contain brown, green,
yellow, orange and black
pigments.
Attach to rocks
Have air bladders
Giant Kelp can be 100 meters
long!
Used as food thickeners
22. III. Fungus-like ProtistsIII. Fungus-like Protists
Heterotrophs
Have cell walls.
Many have flagella and are able to move at some point in their
lives.
Three types: Slime Molds, Water & Downy Molds
Reproduce with Spores (tiny cell that is able to grow into a new
organism)
23. Water & Downy MoldsWater & Downy Molds
Live in water or moist places.
Tiny threads that look like fuzz.
Attack food crops
Caused the Irish Potato Famine.
24. Type:Type:
Reproduce by Fruiting
Bodies:
The Fruiting Bodies
contain Spores.
At first they look like
ameba, then later they
look like mold.
Live on moist shady
places.
Feed on bacteria and
other microorganisms.