This document discusses prostatitis, which is inflammation of the prostate gland that can be caused by bacterial, fungal or other infections. It defines the four classifications of prostatitis and lists common causative organisms. Symptoms may include pain, burning with urination, and difficulty urinating. Diagnosis involves examinations, cultures, and other tests. Treatment focuses on antibiotics for bacterial infections, along with pain medications, muscle relaxants, and lifestyle changes. Complications can include urinary retention, epididymitis, and in severe cases, sepsis.

1. PROSTATITIS
BY: MRS. PRECILLA C. STEPHEN

2. DEFINITION
 Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland, that is caused
by infectious agents(bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma) or other
conditions including urethral stricture, prostatic hyperplasia.

3. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Overall prevalence in men is 5
Higher risk age 20-50 & 70

4. CLASSIFICATION OF PROSTATITIS
 Acute Bacterial (Type 1)
 Chronic Bacterial (Type 2)
 Chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome. CP/CPPS (Type 3)
 Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis (Type 4)

5. CONT.
 Both Acute and Chronic Bacterial prostatitis, generally result from organisms reaching the
prostate gland by one of the following routes:
1. Ascending from the urethra(upward)
2. Descending from the bladder (downwards) and invasion via the blood stream or the lymphatic
channels.
Common organisms are such as:
 Escherichia coli
 Klebsiella
 Pseudomonas
 Enterobacter
 Proteus
 Neisseria gonorrhoea and group D streptococci

6. CONT.
 Chronic Bacterial prostatitis involves recurrent episodes of
infection.
 CP/CPPS is a new term that describes the syndrome with prostate
and urinary pain in the absence of an obvious infectious process.
 The etiology of CP/CPPS is unclear. It may be associated with
STDs.

7. CONT.
 Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis is usually diagnosed in
individuals who have no symptom, but are found to have an
inflammatory process in the prostate.

8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
 Perineal discomfort
 Burning, urgency and frequency
 Pain with ejaculation
 Prostatodynia (pain in the prostate gland)
 Sudden fever, chills and perineal, rectal and low back pain in acute
bacterial prostatitis

9. URINARY SYMPTOMS
Dysuria, frequency, urgency and nocturia may occur
some patients do not have a symptoms.

10. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 History collection and physical examination
 Culture of the prostate fluid or tissue and occasionally
histological examination of the tissue
 Urine analysis and culture
 CBC
 MRI and transabdominal ultrasound

11. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 The goal of therapy for acute bacterial prostatitis is avoid the complications of
abscess formation and septicaemia.
 Antibiotics commonly used for acute or chronic bacterial prostatitis antibiotics
therapy involves for up to 10 to 14 days.
 The patient is encouraged to remain on bed rest to alleviate symptoms quickly
 Comfort is provided with analgesics to relieve pain, anti spasmodic medications and
bladder sedatives (to relieve bladder irritability) sitz bath and stool softeners.

12. MANAGEMENT
 Chronic bacterial prostatitis is difficult to treat because most antibiotics
diffuse poorly from the plasma into the prostatic fluid
 Treatment includes alpha – adrenergic blockers to promote relaxation of
the bladder and prostate.
 Other treatment modalities include for chronic prostatitis including the
retention of prostatic fluid by ejaculation through sexual intercourse,
others Anti spasmodic, sitz bath and stool softeners.

13. COMPLICATIONS
Swelling of the prostate gland
Urinary retention
Epididymitis
Bactermia and pyelonephritis

14.  Hyperthermia related to infectious process as evidenced by fever,
discomfort
 Acute pain related to prostatic inflammation as evidenced by pain,
difficulty in urine and in ejaculation
 Chronic pain related to chronic prostatitis, chronic pelvic syndrome .
 Deficient knowledge related to disease cause, clinical manifestation
and treatment
NURSING DIAGNOSIS

15.  Instruct patient to take antibiotics as prescribed.
 Emphasis importance of completing long course of therapy to prevent recurrence and
resistance of organisms.
 Instruct patient in comfort measures: sitz baths (10 to 20 mins) several times daily.
Continued use of stool softeners and not sitting for long periods.
 Advise patient to avoid sexual arousal and intercourse during period of acute
inflammation; encourage prescribed follow – up because recurrence is possible .
Patient Education And Health Maintenance

16. Afebrile
Verbalizes relief of pain after analgesics
Verbalizes reduction of chronic pain
EVALUATION: EXPECTED OUTCOMES