Water is a polar molecule that forms hydrogen bonds between its oxygen and hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen bonds give water unique properties including its high boiling and freezing points of 100°C and 0°C respectively at sea level. Water's hydrogen bonding also allows it to have high surface tension and capillary action, which are important for biological functions. The polarity and hydrogen bonding of water molecules make it well-suited to serve as the universal solvent for life and allow it to absorb large amounts of heat, buffering Earth's temperature.
Introduces the concept of covalent bonding with macro-molecules and simple covalent molecules.
Next, it covers inter-molecular attraction but explaining how temporary dipoles form
Finally, heating and cooling curves together with an explanation for how energy is absorbed or given out during boiling or freezing
Cooperative learning is an approach to organizing classroom activities into academic and social learning experiences. It differs from group work, and it has been described as "structuring positive interdependence.Students must work in groups to complete tasks collectively toward academic goals. Unlike individual learning, which can be competitive in nature, students learning cooperatively capitalize on one another’s resources and skills (asking one another for information, evaluating one another’s ideas, monitoring one another’s work, etc.).Furthermore, the teacher's role changes from giving information to facilitating students' learning. <http: />
Introduces the concept of covalent bonding with macro-molecules and simple covalent molecules.
Next, it covers inter-molecular attraction but explaining how temporary dipoles form
Finally, heating and cooling curves together with an explanation for how energy is absorbed or given out during boiling or freezing
Cooperative learning is an approach to organizing classroom activities into academic and social learning experiences. It differs from group work, and it has been described as "structuring positive interdependence.Students must work in groups to complete tasks collectively toward academic goals. Unlike individual learning, which can be competitive in nature, students learning cooperatively capitalize on one another’s resources and skills (asking one another for information, evaluating one another’s ideas, monitoring one another’s work, etc.).Furthermore, the teacher's role changes from giving information to facilitating students' learning. <http: />
PPT FOR CBSE, ICSE BOARD,
CHAPTER 1: MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDING
MATTER, PROPERTIES OF MATTER, CHARACTERISTICS OF MATTER, DIFFUSION, EVAPORATION, SUBLIMATION, KEY OINTS, NOTES.
EXPERIMENTS: PARTICLES OF MATTER ARE VERY SMALL
PARTICLES OF MATTER ARE ALWAYS MOVING
PARTICLES OF MATTER HAVE SPACE BETWEEN THEM.
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE EXPERIMENT
this topic is related to grade 9 ncert lesson 1.
metter in our surroundings is the first lesson in grage 9, which is very useful to children to understad this lesson.
PPT FOR CBSE, ICSE BOARD,
CHAPTER 1: MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDING
MATTER, PROPERTIES OF MATTER, CHARACTERISTICS OF MATTER, DIFFUSION, EVAPORATION, SUBLIMATION, KEY OINTS, NOTES.
EXPERIMENTS: PARTICLES OF MATTER ARE VERY SMALL
PARTICLES OF MATTER ARE ALWAYS MOVING
PARTICLES OF MATTER HAVE SPACE BETWEEN THEM.
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE EXPERIMENT
this topic is related to grade 9 ncert lesson 1.
metter in our surroundings is the first lesson in grage 9, which is very useful to children to understad this lesson.
EXPERIMENTS WITH WATER ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES CBSE-VBIOLOGY TEACHER
Density of Water?
The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. It’s a measurement of how tightly matter is packed together. The density of a substance can be explained as the relationship between the mass of the substance and volume it takes up.
Water density changes with temperature and salinity. Density is measured as mass (g) per unit of volume (cm³). Water is densest at 3.98°C and is least dense at 0°C (freezing point).
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. Water is a Polar Molecule
Water molecules are polar.
Polar = has a positive side
and a negative side.
The negative part of a
water molecule is
attracted to the positive
part of another.
3. Water Forms Hydrogen Bonds
The attraction between
water molecules are called
hydrogen bonds.
Hydrogen bonds between
molecules of water is what
causes water’s surface tension
4. Water’s Boiling and Freezing Points
Water is considered to be so important that the scale we
use to measure temperature was set according to water!
At sea level (about 1 atmosphere of pressure):
Water boils at 100° Celsius
Water freezes at 0° Celsius
Frozen water (ice) is less dense than liquid water, which
is why ice floats.
Water is most dense (heaviest) at 4° Celsius.
5. Can Water’s Boiling Point Change?
YES!
Water’s boiling AND freezing points depend on how much
pressure is on the water.
When there is less pressure from the atmosphere, water will have
a lower boiling point!
When there is more pressure from the atmosphere, water will
have a higher boiling point!
What if there is no pressure on water, like in a vacuum or in outer
space?
As the pressure is lowered, the boiling point gets lowered.
Video…….
8. As you go
up, air
pressure
gets lower,
and the
boiling point
of water
goes down
9. The Science of Cooking with Water
Can we make water boil hotter than 100° Celsius?
YES! Pressure increases the boiling point.
So, why do you think people use a pressure cooker?
It is so they can cook things in water that is hotter
than 100° Celsius.
10. Boiling Water and Space
How much pressure is there in space?
Space has very little, to no pressure.
So what is a space suit really for?
A human body is about 70% water. With no pressure, all the
water in a human would boil! NASA says that a person could
live about 1 minute in space without a suit.
Note: (don’t need to write in notes) a man accidentally exposed
to a vacuum at NASA lost consciousness after about 14 seconds
due to lack of oxygen. He said his last memory was “the water
beginning to boil on his tongue”. You will NOT explode without
a spacesuit in space says NASA.
11. More about Boiling Water
How do you know when water is at 100° Celsius
when cooking?
When the first bubble of air floats all the way to
the top of the water.
Do you need to make water boil like crazy for it
to be 100° Celsius?
No! Just enough for the first bubbles to be rise
to the top. After that, it only needs a little heat
to stay at 100° Celsius.
What are the bubbles in boiling water made of?
Steam (=water vapor)
12. Capillary Action
Capillary action occurs when water goes up
a narrow tube against the forces of gravity.
Without hydrogen bonds, capillary action
could not occur.
Capillary action is how plants and trees
transport water from the roots to leaves
where photosynthesis occurs.
Gravity
Capillary
Action
13. How Does Capillary Action Occur?
1) Adhesion is the attraction between water
and other objects.
Example of Water Adhesion
Adhesion allows water to stick to the sides
of the tube (can be a straw or inside a
plant).
2) Cohesion is water being attracted to itself
due to its hydrogen bonds
Adhesion and cohesion lead to water’s capillary action
14. Water has a Very High Specific Heat Capacity
Specific heat is how much energy is required to heat a substance.
Water needs a LOT of energy to be heated, so WATER HAS A VERY
HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY.
To heat things you need to make the molecules move faster.
It is hard to make water
molecules move fast
because its hydrogen bonds
keep the molecules stuck
together.
17. Cold (dense) or Hot (less dense)??
Density is mass/volume!
Cold and dense
Hot, less dense
18. Water Has Surface Tension
What is surface tension?
Surface tension is the ability of a liquid to “push back” on
something.
Surface tension allows water striders to walk on water.
Surface tension allows this
paper clip to “float” on
water
19. What Causes Water’s Surface Tension?
How does water hold the paper clip up?
COHESION causes surface tension.
But, surface tension is due to the molecules
at the surface having stronger hydrogen bonds
Water molecules are
surrounded only on one
side at the surface, and the
H-Bonds are therefore
stronger.
20. Is Water an Acid???
Pure water is not an acid (not acidic).
BUT, when water is exposed to air, it comes in contact with carbon
dioxide (CO2) and forms a weak acid called carbonic acid:
CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
Carbonic acid can dissolve rock and things like cement.
Water can
turn slightly
acidic, and
over time,
make holes
in rock
21. Is Water an Acid???
Over time, water is responsible for carving out large cave systems
like Carslbad Caverns. So, YES, water can be an acid.
Water has
the power to
dissolve
limestone
Carlsbad Caverns
22. QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Tell me 3 things water could NOT do if it was not a polar molecule.
Draw a diagram of a hydrogen bond. Label the oxygen and
hydrogen atoms and the hydrogen bond.
Which is heavier: 5 liters of water at 4° Celsius, or 5 liters of water
at 50° Celsius or 5 liters of ice at 0° Celsius?
Where will water boil hotter, Bangkok or Chiang Mai?
True or False: A pressure cooker can cook faster because the water
inside is able to get hotter than 100° Celsius.
Tell me how you know when water is 100° Celsius when cooking.
What would happen to a human in space without a spacesuit?
Draw a diagram of capillary action in a plant.
What is adhesion?
What is cohesion?
Tell me one reason why water’s high specific heat may be
important for a human body.
You are walking on the street and see some holes in the sidewalk.
Explain to me how water may have caused these holes.
What does “hydro” mean? What does “phobic” mean? Is water a
hydrophobic molecule?
Why does water have such a high specific heat capacity?
