1) The document discusses intermolecular forces of attraction (IMFA), including dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and London dispersion forces. Experiments are described that compare the IMFAs between water, ethanol, and kerosene using tests of surface tension and attraction to a charged comb. 2) The results show that water has the strongest IMFAs like hydrogen bonding, giving it high surface tension and attraction to the comb. Kerosene has only London dispersion forces, so it does not interact with the comb and spreads on waxed paper. Ethanol shows intermediate behavior. 3) The IMFAs affect properties like viscosity, melting point, boiling point, and solubility. Strong

1. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION
Bautista, LaureenKate
Capistrano, Amiel
Espiel, Kyle
Nicolas, Ezber

2. TERMINOLOGIES
Intermolecular forces of attraction-
•a force of attraction between molecules
Dipole-dipole-
•Stronger than London dispersion.
•Force between polar molecules.
•Molecules must be permanently polar with one positive and one negative side.
•The positive side of one molecule attracts the negative of another molecule.
London dispersion 
•Weakest of the weak intermolecular forces
•Caused by random and temporary movement of electrons
•Short-lived, temporary force
•More electrons = greater attractions

3. TERMINOLOGIES
Hydrogen bonding-
•Occurs when the most electronegative elements –N, O, and F –are directly bonded to H.
•A “quarter bond” or “half bond” is formed between the H and the pair of electrons, resulting in a much stronger force than the previous forces.
Viscosity-
•The measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
Surface Tension
•The measure of how well molecules can attract each other at the surface of a liquid.

4. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATIONS
A.Comparison of liquids
Testliquid
Observation(s)
Water
The Water bends.
Kerosene
No reaction.
Ethanol
The Ethanol was attracted to the comb.
B. Surface tension (appearance of liquids on wax paper)
Testliquid
Observation(s)
Water
The appearance of the water in the waxed paper was in circular shape.
Kerosene
The kerosene spread and followed the shape of the waxed paper.

5. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATIONS
B. Surface tension ( the blade test)
Testliquid
Observation(s)
Water
The blade floated.
Kerosene
The blade immediatelysank.
Water with detergent
The blade sank.
C. Ice and Liquid water
Observation(s)
Initial volume,,mL
400
Though the ice melted completely, the volume didn’t change.
Final volume,mL
400
Volume difference,mL
0

6. QUESTIONS
1)Identify the IMFA present in water, ethanol and kerosene.
•Waterdipoledipole , hydrogen bonding , London dispersion
•KeroseneLondon dispersion
•EthanolDipoledipole, Hydrogen bonding
2)Observations in A.
•If the liquid’s IMFA is strong it is attracted to charged objects (e.g. comb).

7. QUESTIONS
1)Why do liquid assume different shapes on the surface of the waxed paper?
•Liquids assume different shapes on the surface of the waxed paper dependent on their IMFA.
2)Based on the results of the blade test, what happens when the blade was placed on the surface of the water? Kerosene? Why?
•When the blade was put inside the beaker filled with water, it floated because of the strong surface tension of the water while it sank on the kerosene due to the weakness of its surface tension.

8. QUESTIONS
1)What happens when the blade was placed on the detergent solution? What is the effect of the detergent on the IMFA of water?
•It weakens the surface tension of the water causing the blade to sink.
2)Explain why ice floats.
•Water is less dense than Ice, therefore it floats.

9. QUESTIONS
1)Compare the initial and final volumes in C. Account for any difference.
•There was no difference between the two volume.
2)Identify other properties of the compounds that are affected by the strength on intermolecular forces.
•Solubility, Melting point, Boling point, Viscosity and State of matter.

10. FACTORS AFFECTING IMFA
Generalization:
•Higher intermolecular forces cause greater viscosity, greater surface tension, and higher melting and boiling points.
•IMFA of liquids can be determine on their physical properties.
Viscosity
Melting Point
Boiling point
State of matter
Surface tension
Miscibility