Ice floats because it is less dense than water. Water reaches its maximum density at 4°C and becomes less dense when it freezes to ice. Most substances are denser in solid form but water is different due to hydrogen bonding in its molecular structure. When water freezes to ice, hydrogen bonds cause the oxygen atoms to separate and form a crystal lattice that takes up 9% more space than liquid water, making ice less dense so it floats.
• Ligands
– an ion or molecule which donates electron density to a metal
atom/ion to form a complex
- Lewis base bonded (coordinated) to a metal ion in a coordination complex.
• Coordination Complex
– a central metal atom/ion and its set of ligands
– often an ion itself
• Coordination Compounds
– a neutral species made up in some part of a complex
– often the salt of a coordination complex
• Coordination Number
– the number of ligands in the primary or inner shell of ligands
• Ligands
– an ion or molecule which donates electron density to a metal
atom/ion to form a complex
- Lewis base bonded (coordinated) to a metal ion in a coordination complex.
• Coordination Complex
– a central metal atom/ion and its set of ligands
– often an ion itself
• Coordination Compounds
– a neutral species made up in some part of a complex
– often the salt of a coordination complex
• Coordination Number
– the number of ligands in the primary or inner shell of ligands
2. Common question Why does ice float? This is what many students will ask their teachers about during science lessons. I will now give a presentation on floating ice.
3. Firstly……. To start off the topic I would like to explain why exactly does something(It might not be ice) floats. Things float because it is less dense, or has less mass per unit volume, than other components in a mixture.
4. For example, if you toss a handful of rocks into a bucket of water, the rocks, which are dense compared to the water, will sink. The water, which is less dense than the rocks, will float. Basically, the rocks push the water out of the way, or displace it. For an object to be able to float, it has to displace a weight of fluid equal to its own weight.
5. What is density? Well if you are asking “What is density?” you can find the answer here. A material's density is defined as its mass per unit volume. It is, essentially, a measuremement of how tightly matter is crammed together.
6. How do we find Density? Now I will be telling you how to find density. To find density, you have to take the mass of the object (m) and divide it by the volume of the same object(v). The equation will look like this Density = m/v
7. Lets get back to the point! Now I will answer the question “why does ice float on water?” Water reaches its maximum density at 4°C (40°F). As it cools further and freezes into ice, it actually becomes less dense. On the other hand, most substances are most dense in their solid (frozen) state than in their liquid state. Water is different because of hydrogen bonding. Now u will ask “what is hydrogen bonding?”
8. Hydrogen Bonds A hydrogen bond is the attractive interaction of a hydrogen atom with an electronegative atom, like nitrogen, oxygenmor fluorine (thus the name "hydrogen bond", which must not be confused with a covalent bond to hydrogen). The hydrogen must be covalently bonded to another electronegative atom to create the bond. These bonds can occur between molecules (intermolecularly), or within different parts of a single molecule (intramolecularly).
9. A water molecule is made from one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, strongly joined to each other with covalent bonds. Water molecules are also attracted to each other by weaker chemical bonds (hydrogen bonds) between the positively-charged hydrogen atoms and the negatively-charged oxygen atoms of neighboring water molecules.As water cools below 4°C, the hydrogen bonds adjust to hold the negatively charged oxygen atoms apart. This produces a crystal lattice, which is commonly known as 'ice'.
10. Why? Ice floats because it is about 9% less dense than liquid water. In other words, ice takes up about 9% more space than water, so a liter of ice weighs less than a liter water. The heavier water displaces the lighter ice, so ice floats to the top. One consequence of this is that lakes and rivers freeze from top to bottom, allowing fish to survive even when the surface of a lake has frozen over. If ice sank, the water would be displaced to the top and exposed to the colder temperature, forcing rivers and lakes to fill with ice and freeze solid.
