The document discusses intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and their application to roadways and railways in India. It provides an overview of various ITS technologies like wireless communication, floating car data collection using GPS and cellular networks, video detection systems, and inductive loop detection. These technologies help modernize transportation through applications such as emergency notification, automatic road enforcement, variable speed limits, and collision avoidance. The document also discusses some of the pros of ITS, such as improving traffic safety by monitoring conditions, reducing infrastructure damage by identifying overloaded vehicles, and improving traffic control through adaptive traffic light systems.

1. PROJECT
ROADWAYS AND RAILWAYS IN
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM
A CASE STUDY
SUBMITTED BY:
ADITYA SINGH
ARYAN SINGH
MOHD. AMIR WASI
HARSH KUMAR
HAROON ELYAS
GUIDED BY:
MR. RAVI TIWARI
PROFESSOR CIVIL
ENGG. DEPT.

2. About Project
❖ In this project we study about the importance of
intelligent transportation system in roadways and
railways
❖ How Intelligent Transportation System help in
modernization of transportation in railways
roadways .

3. ABSTRACT
The rapidly increasing vehicle population in India spurred by the population
boom and economic upturn lays a critical burden on traffic in metropolitan
cities and towns of the country. The total vehicle population in 2017 was
253 million. Intelligent transportation system is an established route to
resolve or at least minimise traffic problems ITS encompass all modes of
transportation air sea road and rail are intersects various components of
each mode vehicle infrastructure communication and operational system. In
general any of the IT application used at traffic management centre where
data is collected and analysed and combined with other operational and
control concepts to manage the complex transportation problem typically
several agencies share the registration of transport infrastructure through
a network of traffic operation centres there is often a localised
distribution of data and information and the centre adopt different criteria
to achieve the goals of the management this inter depend autonomy is
operation and discussion making is essential because of the heterogeneity
and perform character stick of intersecting subsystems

4. CONTENTS
❏ Introduction
❏ Taxonomy of ITS
❏ ITS Technologies
❏ Pros And Cons of ITS

5. INTRODUCTION
❏ Traffic congestion-insufficient road development
growing number of vehicle.
❏ Low speed, increased accidental rates ,increased
fuel consumption and increased pollution.
❏ These explore the concepts that treat highway
systems and vehicle that use them as integrated
system. Among them is the concept of intelligence.

6. ITS Technologies.
❏ Wireless Communication
❏ Computational Technologies
❏ Floating car data / floating cellular
data
❏ Video vehicle detection
❏ Sensing technologies and inductive
detection

8. Wireless Communication
● High speed wireless communication has civil and
military applications.
● It includes communication Fi Max, Samsung
network wireless mesh mobile IP and so on.
● Radio modem communication on UHF and VHF
are wide used for short and long range
communication with ITS

10. Floating car data /Floating cellular data
● "Floating car" or "probe" data collection is a set of relatively low cost
methods for obtaining travel time and speed data for vehicles traveling
along streets, highways, freeways, and other transportation routes.
● Broadly speaking, three methods have been used to obtain the raw data:
1.Triangulation Method 2. Vehicle Re-Identification 3.GPS Based
Methods
● Floating car data technology provides advantages over other methods of
traffic measurement: 1. Less expensive than sensors or cameras 2.
More coverage (potentially including all locations and streets) 3. Faster to
set up and less maintenance 4. Works in all weather conditions, including
heavy rain

12. Triangulation Method
❏ By measuring and analysing mobile network data using
triangulation the data is converted into traffic flow
information
❏ In metropolitan areas science between antenna is
shortly and in theory accuracy Increases
❏ Advantage of this method is that no infrastructure
needs to be built along the road only mobile phone
network is used

13. Vehicle Re Identification
❏ Identification method required set of
detectors mounted along the roadside
❏ A unique serial number for a device in the
vehicle is detected at one location and then
detected again further down the road
❏ Time and speed are calculated

15. GPS Based Method
❏ An increasing number of vehicle are equipped
with a box that contains a GPS receiver the
data Earth and communicated with the server
providing using the regular onboard radio unit
or by cellular network data.
❏ Regarding from these vehicles are used to
compute vehicle and car speed.

16. Sensing Technologies
❏ Technological advances in telecommunications and information
technology, coupled with state-of-the-art microchip, RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification), and inexpensive intelligent beacon sensing
technologies, have enhanced the technical capabilities that will
facilitate motorist safety benefits for intelligent transportation
systems globally.
❏ Technological advances in telecommunications and information
technology, coupled with state-of-the-art microchip, RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification), and inexpensive intelligent beacon sensing
technologies, have enhanced the technical capabilities that will
facilitate motorist safety benefits for intelligent transportation
systems globally.

18. Inductive Loop Detection
❏ Inductive loops can be placed in a roadbed to detect
vehicles as they pass through the loop's magnetic field. The
simplest detectors simply count the number of vehicles
during a unit of time (typically 60 seconds in the United
States) that pass over the loop
❏ While more sophisticated sensors estimate the speed,
length, and weight of vehicles and the distance between
them.
❏ Loops can be placed in a single lane or across multiple lanes,
and they work with very slow or stopped vehicles as well
vehicles moving at high-speed.

20. VIDEO VEHICLE DETECTION
❏ Traffic flow measurement and automatic incident detection using video
cameras is another form of vehicle detection. Since video detection
systems such as those used in automatic number plate recognition do not
involve installing any components directly into the road surface or roadbed,
this type of system is known as a "non intrusive" method of traffic
detection.
❏ Video from black-and-white or color cameras is fed into processors that
analyze the changing characteristics of the video image as vehicles pass.
The cameras are typically mounted on poles or structures above or
adjacent to the roadway.
❏ Video from black-and-white or color cameras is fed into processors that
analyze the changing characteristics of the video image as vehicles pass.
The cameras are typically mounted on poles or structures above or
adjacent to the roadway.

23. Intelligent Transportation Application
❏ Emergency vehicle notification
systems
❏ Automatic road enforcement
❏ Variable speed limit
❏ Collision avoidance systems
❏ Dynamic traffic light sequence

24. eCall

25. Automatic Road Enforcement
❏ Speed cameras that identify vehicles traveling over the legal speed limit.
Many such devices use radar to detect a vehicle's speed or
electromagnetic loops buried in each lane of the road.
❏ Red light cameras that detect vehicles that cross a stop line or
designated stopping place while a red traffic light is showing
❏ Bus lane cameras that identify vehicles traveling in lanes reserved for
buses. In some jurisdictions, bus lanes can also be used by taxis or
vehicles engaged in car pooling.
❏ Level crossing cameras that identify vehicles crossing railways at grade
illegally.
❏ Double white line cameras that identify vehicles crossing these lines.
❏ High-occupancy vehicle lane cameras for that identify vehicles violating
HOV requirements.

27. Variable Speed Limit

28. Collision avoidance system

29. Pros and cons of ITS
● Advantages of ITS
❏ TS combine many different types of information and
communications ethology to create a network of system that
help manage traffic, protect roads and more. As more and
more parts of our transportation network become worked. It
will change the way driven, business and government deal
with road transport. These advanced system can help
improve transportation in several ways ITS is helping in
development of India.

30. ● Improving traffic safety
❏ Unsafe speeds, dangerous weather conditions and heavy traffic can
all lead to accidents and the loss of life, intelligent transportation
systems help with all of these. Real-time weather monitoring
systems collect information on visibility, wind speed, rainfall, and
conditions and more, allowing traffic controllers up-to-the-minute
information on driving conditions. In fully networked system, this
information can then be used to update warning signs and even
speed limits as soon as the need arises, keeping drivers alern to the
conditions around them Emergency vehicles can respond quickly to
accidents as real-time traffic motoring alerts them. ITS traffic
control helps divert traffic away from busy so dangerous arcas
preventing traffic jams but also reducing the risk of collision.

31. ● Reducing Infrastructure Damages
❏ Heavy vehicles can put a lot of strain on the road network.
Particularly when they're overloaded. Weigh stations and other
older forms of weight control reduce the risk of overloading but
at the expense of wasted time and delayed traffic. Weigh-in-
motion systems measure the type, size and weight of vehicles as
they move, communicating the collected data back to a central
server.
❏ Overloaded vehicles can be identified and appropriate measures
taken resulting in higher compliance among hauliers and
reduced damage to roadways. Not only do these systems make
enforcement simpler, they can reduce expenditure on road
repair, allowing it to be allocated elsewhere.

32. ● Traffic Control
❏ Existing centralised traffic control systems go some way toward
alleviating traffic congestion and ensuring the smooth flow of
vehicles through a road network. Intelligent transportation systems,
however, allow traffic lights to respond to changing patterns
themselves Adaptive traffic light systems create smart intersections
that control traffic in response to the patterns they observe among
the vehicles using them They can also prioritise specific forms of
traffic such as emergency vehicles or public transit. Large numbers
of adaptive intersections working together produce a system in
which lights change in response so traffic patterns rather than on a
fixed schedule, reducing weight times and keeping traffic moving
smoothly.

33. ● Parking Management
❏ Illegal parking contributes to crowded, dangerous city streets and
creates problems for disabled drivers, city vehicles and others needing
access reserved parking place . Overstaying drivers slow traffic to a
crawl in busy areas as visitors find themselves unable to park.
Traditional parking enforcement systems can be costly and inefficient,
they may even add to crowding themselves Smart parking lotion
detection scan parked vehicles and communicate with parking meters to
identify and record illegally parked vehicles.

34. Disadvantage of ITS
❏ Difficult to use in mixed traffic
❏ Preliminary difficulties in
understanding
❏ Equipment are very much costly

35. THANK YOU