Dr. Richa Singhal presented information on project planning techniques. The document outlined various components of an effective project plan including work breakdown structure, work packages, scheduling methods like bar charts, RAT/CAT schedules and network schedules. It emphasized the importance of the project master plan which defines the overall scope and contains sections on management, organization, technical details and economics. Project planning allows for direction, control, motivation and efficient resource use which helps ensure project success.

1. PROJECT
PLANNING
DR. RICHA SINGHAL
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPTT. OF EAFM
S.S.JAIN SUBODH PG COLLEGE, JAIPUR (RAJ.)

2. PRESENTATION
OUTLINE
 PROJECT PLANNING: INTRODUCTION
STEPS OF DEVELOPING A PROJECT PLAN
 PLANNING FUNDAMENTALS
 PROJECT MASTER PLAN
 IMPORTANCE OF MASTER PLAN
 TECHNIQUES OF PROJECT PLANNING
 WORK BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE
 WORK PACKAGES
 PROJECT SCHEDULING
 BAR CHARTS
 RAT AND CAT SCHEDULE
 NETWORK SCHEDULE (PERT/CPM)
 LINE OF BALANCE.

3. Planning is a systematic way of deciding about doing things in a purposeful manner. when
this approach is applied exclusively for project, it is termed as project planning. it is the
process of deciding in advance about the future course of actions to be taken.
Project planning is part of project management, which relates to the use of schedules such
as Gantt charts to plan and subsequently report progress within the project environment.
Project planning can be done manually or by the use of project management software.
Project planning is a discipline for stating how to complete a project within a certain
timeframe, usually with defined stages, and with designated resources.
INTRODUCTION

4. STEPS OF DEVELOPING A PROJECT PLAN
DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT PLAN OBJECTIVES
PROGRAMMING OFACTION
SCHEDULING OF RESOURCES AND TIME
ORGANISING OF A PROJECT TEAM, INFRASTRUCTURE AND WORKING METHODS
BUDGETING
DESIGNING A CONTROLLING SYSTEM

5. PLANNING
FUNDAMENTALS
OBJECTIVITY SCHEDULE
PROJECT SCOPE
STATEMENT
TEAM WORK BUDGETS
QUALITY
CRITERIA
PROJECT
RESOURCES
PROJECT
LIMITATIONS
UNIFORM
THEORY
FEASIBILITY
ESTIMATION
PERFORMANCE
CRITERIA
ORGANIZATION
AND
MANAGEMENT
PERSONNEL

6. IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT PLANNING
 Direction means to give proper information, accurate instructions and useful guidance to the
subordinates. It is impossible without planning. It is because planning tells us what to do, how to do it
and when to do it. Therefore, planning helps to give the right direction.
 With control, the actual performance of an employee is compared with the plans, and deviations (if any)
are found out and corrected. It is impossible to achieve such control without the right planning.
Therefore, planning becomes necessary to keep good control.
 Every organization has certain objectives or targets. It keeps working hard to fulfill these goals.
Planning helps an organization to achieve these aims, but with some ease and promptness. Planning
also helps an organization to avoid doing some random ( done by chance) activities.
 A good plan provides various financial and non-financial incentives to both managers and employees.
These incentives motivate them to work hard and achieve the objectives of the organization. Thus,
planning through various incentives helps to motivate the personnel of an organization.
 Planning helps managers to express their creativity and innovation. It brings satisfaction to the
managers and eventually a success to the organization.

7. Cont…..
 A manager makes many different plans. Then the manager selects or chooses the best of all available strategies. Making a
selection or choosing something means to take a decision. So, decision-making is facilitated by planning.
 Planning makes optimum utilization of all available resources. This entails a cost-benefit analysis for each project task so that
planners don’t waste valuable resources and avoids their duplication. It aims to give the highest returns at the lowest possible
cost. It thus increases the overall efficiency
 Often, the plans of all departments of an organization are well coordinated with each other. Similarly, the short-term,
medium-term and long-term plans of an organization are also coordinated with each other. Such proper coordination is
possible only because of efficient planning.
 Organizing means to bring together all available resources, i.e. 6 Ms. Organizing is not possible without planning. It is
so, since, planning tells us the number of resources required and when are they needed. It means that planning aids in
organizing in an efficient way.
 A project plan takes into consideration the team’s communication needs and pinpoints the most effective channels to keep collaborators connected
— such as email, chat, virtual meetings, shared documents, and more.
 Involving employees in project planning encourages them to contribute their perspective and skill, rather than simply telling them what they need to do.
This ensures more effective execution and makes team members feel like a valued part of the company which improves employee retention in
company.
 There are many risks involved in any modern business. Planning helps to forecast these business-related risks. It also helps to take the necessary
precautions to avoid these risks and prepare for future uncertainties in advance. Thus, it reduces business risks.

8. PROJECT MASTER PLAN
All the functional areas of the organization attached to the project
should be involved in the planning process. Although each area
develops its own plan but all such plans becomes a part of a single
overall plan. This overall plan is referred to as the project master plan
or project summary plan.
After assessing the feasibility of a project, creating a Master Project
Plan defines the scope of development both in the architectural
sense as well as it provides milestones that ensure that the
construction is executed in the pre-defined timeframe.
The contents of master plans vary depending on the size, complexity
and nature of the project. The master plan has three sections:-

9. IMPORTANCE OF MASTER PLAN
• The master planning provides a road map for all future project development decisions.
• The master plan, even if seen by some as an additional cost, can eventually lead to savings in the long
run.
• The master plan allows the involvement of all parties concerned in advance and sets out
expectations on how the various activities and tasks will be developed.
• A master plan approval creates “buy-ins” by the main stakeholders in a project. If everyone gives their
“blessing” at the outset, there will be much less chance to ask questions or step back later.
• A master plan allows you to estimate costs before the actual work begins. This also allows you to
raise funds for a longer period of time to fund your project.
• General planning can create visibility and credibility for a project. If a project’s vision can be
presented to its potential users, it often generates excitement about its potential and this often drives a
project and helps it to happen sooner.
• Projects that have a planned master plan generally have a higher completion rate than unplanned
projects.

10. MANAGEMENT
SECTION
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
MAJOR EVENTS
MILESTONES
CONSTRAINTS AND
SOLUTIONS
OVERALL REQUIREMENTS
MASTER SCHEDULE
ORGANIZATION
SECTION
PROJECT ORGANIZATION
MANPOWER
TRAINING &
DEVELOPMENT
TECHNICAL
SECTION
STATEMENT OF WORK
SCOPE OF WORK
PROJECT SCHEDULES
ASSIGNMENTS
RESPONSIBILITY
WORK BREAK-DOWN
TESTING
ECONOMIC
IMPLEMENTATION
DOCUMENTATION
WORK REVIEW PLAN
QUALITY PLAN
CHANGE CONTROL PLAN
BUDGET AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT
JUSTIFICATION

11. TECHNIQUES OF PROJECT PLANNING
 WORK BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE
 WORK PACKAGES
 PROJECT SCHEDULING
 BAR CHARTS
 RAT AND CAT SCHEDULE
 NETWORK SCHEDULE (PERT/CPM)
 LINE OF BALANCE

12. WORK BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE
 THE PROCEDURE FOR DEVIDING THE
OVERALL PROJECT INTO SUB-ELEMENTS
OR SMALL PIECES (WORKPACKAGES) TO
BE WELL UNDERSTOOD, PLANNED AND
CONTROLLED IS KNOWN AS WBS.
 EXECUTED BY THE PROJECT TEAM TO
ACCOMPLISH THE PROJECT OJJECTIVES
AND CREATE THE REQUIRED
DELIVERABLES.

13. WBS LEVELS
DETAIL
RISK
CONTROL
ESTIMATED ACCURACY
WORK PACKAGE VALUE
WORK PACKAGE MAN-
HOURS
PROJECT
CATEGORY
SUBCATEGORY
WORK PACKAGE

14. UTILITY
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
REPRESENT SEPARATE
RESPONSIBILITY
PROCUREMENT STRATEGY
REFLECTS CONTRIBUTION AT EACH
LEVEL
COST AND TIME ESTIMATION
SUGNIFICANCE OF EACH LEVEL

15. WORK PACKAGES
A work package describes the work to be performed by a specific organizational unit and
serves as a vehicle for monitoring and reporting on progress, cost and schedule. A work
package is a generic term describing a unit of work at the lowest developed level of the
relevant part of the work break-down structure (WBS).
 Assembling resources and delegating responsibility
 Proper direction
 Timely completion
 Proper controlling
 Performance evaluation

16. PROJECT SCHEDULING
SCHEDULE IS THE CONVERSION OF A PROJECT ACTION
PLAN INTO AN OPERATING TIMETABLE. PROJECT
SCHEDULING IS THE PROCESS OF LISTING DOWN STEP-
BY-STEP IN SEQUENTIAL ORDER THE TASKS OR ACTIVITIES
INVOLVED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECTS.
 FRAMEWORK FOR PLANNING, SCHEDULING,MONITORING
AND CONTROLLING THE PROJECT.
 INTERDEPENDENCE OF TASKS.
 TIME SCHEDULE
 PROPER COMMUNICATION
 DEFINES CRITICAL ACTIVITIES

17. PROJECT SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES
BAR CHARTS (GANTT CHARTS)
RAT AND CAT SCHEDULES
NETWORK SCHEDULES
LINE OF BALANCE

18. BAR CHARTS (GANTT CHARTS)
 Gantt charts are used for
planning and scheduling
projects in project
management. A Gantt chart is
incredibly useful because it
allows you to simplify complex
projects into an easy-to-follow
plan and track the status of
tasks as work progresses.
 Gantt charts also help you
keep track of project
deadlines, milestones, and
hours worked so you can spot
and address delays or
overages before they wreak
havoc on your project.

19. COMPONENTS OF GANTT CHART
• Task list: Runs vertically down the left of the gantt chart to describe project work and may be
organized into groups and subgroups
• Timeline: Runs horizontally across the top of the gantt chart and shows months, weeks, days, and
years
• Dateline: A vertical line that highlights the current date on the gantt chart
• Bars: Horizontal markers on the right side of the gantt chart that represent tasks and show
progress, duration, and start and end dates
• Milestones: Yellow diamonds that call out major events, dates, decisions, and deliverables
• Dependencies: Light gray lines that connect tasks that need to happen in a certain order
• Progress: Shows how far along work is and may be indicated by percent complete and/or bar
shading
• Resource assigned: Indicates the person or team responsible for completing a task

20. RAT AND CAT SCHEDULES
 CAT- Committed Activity Target
 RAT- Reserved Activity Target
 Graphically S-curve
 The project manager will try to maintain a
distance between two schedules so that
CAT schedule does not swallow the RAT
schedule
 The RAT schedule will contain only the key
milestones whereas the CAT schedule will
have all important activities.

21. NETWORK SCHEDULE & LINE OF BALANCE
NETWORK SCHEDULES- This technique is
based on drawing the logical relationships
between construction operations and
establishing and funding the operation which
has the most crucial effect on the project
duration. This is performed through PERT and
CPM techniques.
LINE OF BALANCE- It is an extension of Gantt
Chart which collects, measures and presents
information relating to time, cost and
accomplishment of the project phases. It shows
the progress status.

22. REVIEW QUESTIONS
Q- WAS THE CONCEPT OF WORK PACKAGES USED? IF SO, WHAT WAS INCLUDED IN WORK
PACKAGE?
Q- “GANTT CHART IS EVERYONE’S FAVORITE.” EXPLAIN THE STATEMENT.
Q- DESCRIBE THE PROJECT MASTER PLAN FOR PROJECT WHICH YOU KNOW. WHAT ARE ITS
CONTENTS? SHOW A TYPICAL MASTER PLAN.
Q- WRITE SHORT NOTES:
(i) NETWORK TECHNIQUE
(ii) RAT AND CAT SCHEDULE
(iii) LINE OF BALANCE

23. THANKS