Here is the pseudocode for that program: Start Print "Number", "Square" For i = 4 to 9 Print i, i^2 Next i End The key steps are: 1. Print header labels 2. Use a for loop to iterate from 4 to 9 3. Inside the loop, print the current number and its square 4. End the for loop and program

1. MCS 1
Tariq Ali

2. What is pseudocode?
 List of steps written in English
 Like the instructions for a recipe
 Must be in the right sequence
 Imagine saying “bake the cake” and then “mix it up”

3. Sample Pseudocode
 Task: add two numbers
 Pseudocode:
 Start
 Get two numbers
 Get first number
 Get second number
 Add them
 Print the answer
 End

4. Pseudocode
 English language constructs modeled to look like
statements available in most programming
languages
 Steps presented in a structured manner
(numbered, indented, and so on)
 No fixed syntax for most operations is required
Invitation to Computer
Science, Java Version, Third
Edition 4

5. Pseudocode (continued)
 Less ambiguous and more readable than natural
language
 Emphasis is on process, not notation
 Well-understood forms allow logical reasoning
about algorithm behavior
 Can be easily translated into a programming
language
Invitation to Computer Science,
Java Version, Third Edition 5

6. Sample Pseudocode
 Task: add two numbers
 Pseudocode:
 Start
 Get two numbers
 Get first number
 Get second number
 Add them
 Print the answer
 End

7. What does a flowchart look like?
 The pseudocode from the previous slide would look
like this as a flowchart:
Start
Print answer
Get 2 numbers
End
Add them

8. What are those funny symbols?
 START/END
 INPUT/OUTPUT
 PROCESS
 DECISION

9. What are those funny symbols?
 START/END
 Used at the beginning
and end of each
flowchart.

10. What are those funny symbols?
 INPUT/OUTPUT
 Shows when
information/data comes
into a program or is
printed out.

11. What are those funny symbols?
What are those funny symbols?
 PROCESS
 Used to show
calculations, storing of
data in variables, and
other “processes” that
take place within a
program.

12. What are those funny symbols?
What are those funny symbols?
 DECISION
 Used to show that the
program must decide Y
whether something X>7?
(usually a comparison
N
between numbers) is
true or false. YES and
NO (or T/F) branches
are usually shown.

13. Another Sample:
Calculating Age
 Pseudocode:
 Start
 Get year DOB
 Calculate age = (sysdate-DOB)
 Print age
 If age > 50 print OLD
 End

14. Another Sample:
Start
Calculating Age
Get yr
Calc age
 Flowchart
 Start Print age
 Get year born
 Calculate age OLD Y Age>50?
 Print age
N
 If age > 50 print OLD End
 End

15. Self-Check
 Look at the flowchart section below. If the variable X is
5, what will print (K or 1st)?
Print “K” N Y Print “1st”
X > 5?

16. Self-Check
 Look at the flowchart section below. If the variable X is
5, what will print (K or 1st)?
Print “K” N Y Print “1st”
X > 5?
K will be printed. The answer to the question “Is X greater than 5
is NO, since X is equal to (not greater than) 5.

17. Self-Check
 Choose the correct
flowchart symbol for each
of these statements.
 AGE>65?
 Calc. Tax
 START
 Print NAME

18. Self-Check
 Choose the correct
flowchart symbol for each
of these statements.
 AGE>65?
 Calc. Tax
 START
 Print NAME

19. Challenge
 Try to write pseudocode and create a flowchart for a
program that calculates the average of three grades
and prints the average.
 The word GOOD should be printed only if the average
is more than 80.

20. Challenge
 Possible pseudocode
 Start
 Get three grades
 Average them (add all of them / number of grads taken)
 Print Average
 Average>80?
 If Yes, print GOOD
 End

21. START
Challenge Get 3 grades
 Possible flowchart
 Start Calc avg
 Get three grades
 Average them
Print avg
 Print Average
 Average>80?
Y
 If Yes, print GOOD GOOD Avg>80?
 End
N
END

22. Challenge
 Try to write pseudocode and create a flowchart for a
program that calculates the average of three grades
and prints the average.
 The word GOOD should be printed only if the average
is more than 80.

23. Challenge
 Possible pseudocode
 Start
 Get three grades
 Average them
 Print Average
 Average>80?
 If Yes, print GOOD
 End

24. START
Challenge Get 3 grades
 Possible flowchart
 Start Calc avg
 Get three grades
 Average them
Print avg
 Print Average
 Average>80?
Y
 If Yes, print GOOD GOOD Avg>80?
 End
N
END

26.  Algorithm for Computing Average Miles per
Gallon

28.  Write a program to do the task: Print a list of the numbers
from 4 to 9, next to each number, print the square of the
number.