Haggis is a pseudocode language with defined syntax and rules. It uses line numbers, indentation, and capitalization of keywords to structure code. Variables are declared with keywords like SET and TO and can be numeric, string, or arrays. Output is done with SEND and input with RECEIVE. Arithmetic, string concatenation, conditions, and loops can be written following Haggis conventions.

1. PSEUDOCODE - HAGGIS

2. What is HAGGIS?
•
Haggis is very similar to programming language in which it has strictly defined
syntax and rules.

3. Formatting of HAGGIS
Keywords
Are all captitalised. For example SET, FOR, WHILE etc
1.
2. Line Numbers
Lines should be numbered as shown below using a capital L and a single space before each
number. This makes it easier to refer to certain parts of the pseudocode.
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
A refinement of Line 1 would be shown as:
Line 1.1
Line 1.2

4. Formatting Cont.
3.
Indentation
The beginning and the end of some constructs should be highlighted by indenting the code inbetween
Line 1 REPEAT
Line 2
SET total = total + 5
Line 3 UNTIL total = 100
4.
Variable names
Simple variable names that use only one word should be written in lower case.
total
name
Any variables using more than one word should use capital letters. For example:
totalScore
firstName

5. Formatting Cont.
5. Data
If the data used is numeric then should be wrote on it’s own.
SET number TO 932
If the data is text then it is indicated by using “ ”.
SET name TO “bob”

6. What does it look like?
Variables / Arrays
If the Variable is set within the program, the command words SET & TO are used to assign values
to variables and Arrays.
Numeric:
SET number TO 973
String:
SET name TO “bob”
Array:
SET names[3] TO “John”
SET names[loop] TO “Jess”

7. What does it look like?
Variable and Arrays Cont.
If variables have been assigned a value as part of an input system. i.e. user has typed in
their name and stored in the variable name. Then the command used is RECEIVE & FROM
What device
is used to
input:
Variable
name
RECEIVE name FROM (string) KEYBOARD
Variable
type:
String
Integer
Real
Boolean
Keyboard
Mouse
Sensor
Touchscreen
Web Cam
Microphone

8. What does it look like?
Outputting Data
Numeric
SEND 23 TO DISPLAY
Variable
SEND total TO DISPLAY
String
SEND “The total is:” TO DISPLAY
Alternative
SEND “Print this Text” TO PRINTER

9. What does it look like?
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are normally used with a SET or SEND
SET number TO 911+ 34
SET number TO 34/7
SEND 34*78 TO DISPLAY
SET total TO num1 + num2

10. What does it look like?
Expressions to Concatenate Strings
Text, number & variables may be concatenated with an ampersand (&) and enclosed by [ ]:
SET errorMessage TO [“Device failed due to fault number” & faultNumber]
SEND [“Player” & playerNumber & “’s score is” & playerScore] TO DISPLAY

11. What does it look like?
Conditions and logical operators
The command IF and THEN are used to make decisions
An IF statement with a simple condition can take two forms:
Single Line
IF temperatureNow>= 100 THEN SEND “Water is in a gaseous form at this temp” TO DISPLAY

12. Extended statement
IF temperatureNow >= 100 THEN
SEND “Water is in a gaseous form at this temp” TO DISPLAY
SEND “This is called steam” TO DISPLAY
ELSE
SEND “Water is a liquid or solid at this temp” TO DISPLAY
END IF

13. What does it look like?
Complex Conditions
Use of (AND, OR, NOT)
IF temperatureNow > 0 AND temperatureNow <100 THEN
SEND “Water is a liquid at this temp” TO DISPLAY

14. What does it look like?
Fixed loops
Code may be repeated a fixed number of times using FOR, FROM, TO, DO, END FOR.
FOR counter FROM 1 TO 10 DO
GET nextInput FROM (Real) Keyboard
SET totalCostTO totalCost + nextInput
END FOR
Alternatively, a fixed loop may also be written using the REPEAT, TIMES, END REPEAT commands:
REPEAT 10 TIMES
RECEIVED nextValue FROM (REAL) KEYBOARD
END REPEAT

15. What does it look like?
Conditional Loops
Loops may also be ended with a pre or post condition using WHILE, END WHILE or
REPEATE
Pre Condition
RECEIVE password FROM (STRING) KEYBOARD
WHILE password = “ “ DO
IF password = “Pass” THEN
SEND “Correct Password” TO DISPLAY
END IF
END WHILE

16. Post condition
REPEAT
RECEIVE password FROM (STRING) KEYBOARD
IF password = “Pass” THEN
SEND “Correct Password” TO DISPLAY
END IF
UNTIL password = “Pass”