The document discusses the process of writing a computer program. It explains that programming involves breaking a problem down into a logical sequence of steps. There are two main phases: the problem-solving phase where the problem is analyzed and an algorithm is developed, and the implementation phase where the algorithm is translated into a programming language and tested. The process also includes a maintenance phase to modify the program as needed over time.
For most programming/scripting languages the concepts are all the same. The only thing that changes is the syntax in which it is written. Some languages may be easier to remember than others, but if you follow the basic guide line, it will make learning any programming language easier. This is in no way supposed to teach you everything about programming, just a general knowledge so when you do program you will understand what you are doing a little bit better.
Algorithms Lecture 1: Introduction to AlgorithmsMohamed Loey
We will discuss the following: Algorithms, Time Complexity & Space Complexity, Algorithm vs Pseudo code, Some Algorithm Types, Programming Languages, Python, Anaconda.
For most programming/scripting languages the concepts are all the same. The only thing that changes is the syntax in which it is written. Some languages may be easier to remember than others, but if you follow the basic guide line, it will make learning any programming language easier. This is in no way supposed to teach you everything about programming, just a general knowledge so when you do program you will understand what you are doing a little bit better.
Algorithms Lecture 1: Introduction to AlgorithmsMohamed Loey
We will discuss the following: Algorithms, Time Complexity & Space Complexity, Algorithm vs Pseudo code, Some Algorithm Types, Programming Languages, Python, Anaconda.
Programming languages and concepts by vivek pariharVivek Parihar
This presentation is concerned with the study of programming language paradigms, that is the various systems of ideas that have been used to guide the design of programming languages. These paradigms are realized to a greater or lesser extent in various computer languages, although the design of a given language may reflect the influence of more than one paradigm.
To understand algorithm and flowchart, it is better to refer this Slideshare that I have created. I have thoroughly presented the key points that make easy in remembering what algorithm and flowchart is. The slide is really simple and wonderful to use it for a quick reference.
Programming languages and concepts by vivek pariharVivek Parihar
This presentation is concerned with the study of programming language paradigms, that is the various systems of ideas that have been used to guide the design of programming languages. These paradigms are realized to a greater or lesser extent in various computer languages, although the design of a given language may reflect the influence of more than one paradigm.
To understand algorithm and flowchart, it is better to refer this Slideshare that I have created. I have thoroughly presented the key points that make easy in remembering what algorithm and flowchart is. The slide is really simple and wonderful to use it for a quick reference.
This power point contains:
The Problem Solving Aspect, Problem definition phase, Getting started on a problem, The use of specific examples Similarities among problems,
Working backwards from the solution, General Problem solving strategies
Introduction to programming in C, First Program in C
Variables and Identifiers, Data types, Basic Input Output in C - Characters, Basic Input Output in C - Formatted IO
Arithmetic Operators, Relational and Logical Operators, More Operators, Precedence and Associativity of operators
If statement, if-else statement, if statement mistakes, nested if statements.Decision control sturctures.
Conditional Operator, Switch statement
Decision control sturctures (contd.).
While loop, Looping - For loop, Control with break and continue, Variants of for loop. Iterative control structures.
Nested for loops , Printing patterns with loops, do-while loop. Iterative control structures (Contd.).
Functions in c, Definition and declaration of a function, Scope of a function
auto storage class, extern storage class, static storage class, register storage class
Introduction to Pointers in C, Parameter passing techniques, Pointer Arithmetic in C, Pointer Arithmetic with Pointers
Arrays, Searching an Element, Arrays and Memory in C
Pointers with Arrays, Functions and Arrays
2D Arrays. Implementation, basic transformations on 2D arrays like transpose, addition, subtraction and multiplication.
Introduction to recursion, Recursion basic programs like: factorial, Fibonacci, sum of digits
2. Programming
Much of human behavior and thought is characterized by
logical sequences of actions applied to objects.
Think of every step involved in a process as simple as
turning a page by hand:
1. Lift hand.
2. Move hand to right side of book.
3. Grasp top-right corner of page.
4. Move hand from right to left until page is positioned so that you
can read what is on the other side.
5. Let go of page.
.
3. Programming
Think how many neurons must fire and how many
muscles must respond, all in a certain order or
sequence, to move your arm and hand. Yet you do it
unconsciously.
We create order, both consciously and unconsciously,
through a process called programming
4. How Do We Write a Program?
A computer is not intelligent. It cannot analyze a problem
and come up with a solution.
A human (the programmer) must analyze the problem,
develop the instructions for solving the problem, and
then have the computer carry out the instructions.
To write a program for a computer to follow, we must go
through a two-phase process: problem solving and
implementation
6. How Do We Write a Program?
Problem-Solving Phase
1.Analysis and Specification. Understand (define) the problem and what the
solution must do.
A. Defining/Specifying the problem:
• What the computer program do?
• What tasks will it perform?
• What kind of data will it use, and where will get its data from?
• What will be the output of the program?
• How will the program interact with the computer user?
7. How Do We Write a Program?
B. Analyzing the problem
It involves identifying the problem
Inputs that is, the data you have to work with
Outputs, the desired results
Additional requirements or constraints on the solution.
2. General Solution (Algorithm). Specify the required data
types and the logical sequences of steps that solve the
problem.
3. Verify. Follow the steps exactly to see if the solution
really does solve the problem.
8. How Do We Write a Program?
Implementation Phase
1. Concrete Solution (Program).
Translate the algorithm (the general solution) into
a programming language.
2. Test.
Have the computer follow the instructions. Then
manually check the results. If you find errors,
analyze the program and the algorithm to
determine the source of the errors, and then
make corrections.
9. How Do We Write a Program?
Maintenance Phase
1. Use. Use the program.
2. Maintain. Modify the program to meet changing
requirements or to correct any errors that show up
while using it.