The document discusses flow charts, which are graphical representations of problem-solving processes. Flow charts use different shapes to represent instruction types and should convey the main logic from left to right and top to bottom. They allow for effective problem-solving, coding, debugging, and testing but take more time to draw and can be difficult to change. The document provides examples of flow charts, including one to swap two numbers without a third variable and one to determine if a number is even or odd.

1. Presented by : SAPNA SHARMA

2.  A flow chart is a graphical
representation of the sequence of
operation for the solution of a problem.
 Flow chart use boxes of different shapes
to denote different types of instruction.

3.  First think of the main line of logic , then
incorporate details .
 Do not give every details on the flow chart.
 Statement in the flow chart symbols should be
précis and easy to understand .
 Use discripted variable names .

4.  Go from left to right and top to bottom while
constructive flowchart
 If a new flow charting page is needed it is
recommended that the flow chart be broken at an
input or output point. Moreover properly labeled
connectors should be used to link the portion of the
flow chart on different pages.

5.  Convey better meaning
 Effective joining of part of system.
 Efficient coding.
 Systematic debugging.
 Systematic testing.

6.  Take more time to draw.
 Difficult to make change.
 Non standardization.

7. BEGIN
TERMINAL
END
INPUT
X,Y
INPUT/
OUTPUT
PRINT
X,Y

8. PROCESSING Z=(X+Y)
1
ENTRY CONNECTOR
2
TRANSFER

9. FLOW LINES
IS YES
YES
CONDITION
X=10
?
NO NO
CONDITION BRANHING TWO WAY BRANCHING

10. A<B
COMPARE
A>B
A&B
I=?
A=B
THREE WAY BRANCHING
0 1 2 3 4
OTHERS
MULTIWAY BRANCHING

11.  An algorithms is define as a finite
sequence of instruction defining the
solution of a particular problem, where
each instruction is numbered.

12. PROBLEM………….
.
Draw a flow chart that swap two
numbers without using third
variable?

13. START
Read input
data
a = a+b
b = a-b
a = a-b
Write a,b
STOP

14. Write a program to determine entered
number is even or odd.

15.  START
 Initialize X
 read X
 IF (X%2=0)
print/write x is even
else
Print /write x is odd
 stop

16. START
input the
number in x
NO Is YES
X%2=
0
No. is No. is
odd even
STOP