Manajemen Perangkat Lunak

1. Chapter 2: Process Groups and
Knowledge Areas
 What Is a Process?
 The Five Overarching Process Groups
 Interacting Cycles
 The Nine Project Management
Knowledge Areas

2. Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
 Describe what a process is and what constitutes
the inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs
related to a process
 Describe the five project management Process
Groups and list the life cycle steps that take place
in each
 Compare the project management life cycle to the
Plan-Do-Check-Act and project life cycles
 Describe the nine PMI Knowledge Areas and
classify their processes by Process Group

3. Knowledge Areas

4. What Is a Process?
According to the PMI, “A process is a set of interrelated
actions and activities performed to achieve a pre-specified
product, result, or service.”
The PMBOK Guide lists 42 distinct processes.

5. What Is a Process?
Inputs, Tools and Techniques, and Outputs
Inputs refer to documents or Tools are tangible items
documentable items that will used in performing an
be acted upon. activity to produce a result
(e.g. templates).
Techniques are procedures
used to perform an activity
to produce a result (e.g.
estimating).
Outputs are tangible and
measurable (usually a
deliverable).
Outputs from one process
often show up as inputs to
another.

6. Closing
processes

8. Initiating Process Group
Processes
Develop Project Charter
Identify Stakeholders

9. Planning Process Group
Processes
Develop Project Management Plan Determine Budget
Collect Requirements Plan Quality
Define Scope Develop Human Resource Plan
Create WBS Plan Communications
Define Activities Plan Risk Management
Sequence Activities Identify Risks
Estimate Activity Resources Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
Estimate Activity Durations Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
Develop Schedule Plan Risk Responses
Estimate Costs Plan Procurements

10. Executing Process Group
Processes
Direct and Manage Project Execution
Perform Quality Assurance
Acquire Project Team
Develop Project Team
Manage Project Team
Distribute Information
Manage Stakeholder Expectations
Conduct Procurements

11. Monitoring and Controlling Process Group
Processes
Monitor and Control Project Work
Perform Integrated Change Control
Verify Scope
Control Scope
Control Schedule
Control Costs
Perform Quality Control
Report Performance
Monitor and Control Risks
Administer Procurements

12. Closing Process Group
Processes
Close Project or Phase
Close Procurements

15. Project Integration Management
Six Processes
Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring &
Controlling Closing
Develop Project Develop Project Direct and Manage Monitor and Control Close Project or Phase
Charter Management Plan Project Execution Project Work
Perform Integrated
Change Control

16. Project Scope Management
Five Processes
Initiating Planning Executing
Monitoring &
Controlling
Closing
Collect Requirements Verify Scope
Define Scope Control Scope
Create WBS

17. Project Time Management
Six Processes
Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring &
Controlling
Closing
Define Activities
Sequence Activities Control Schedule
Estimate Activity
Resources
Estimate Activity
Durations
Develop Schedule

18. Project Cost Management
Three Processes
Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring &
Controlling
Closing
Estimate Costs Control Costs
Determine Budget

19. Project Quality Management
Three Processes
Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring &
Controlling
Closing
Plan Quality
Perform Quality Perform Quality
Assurance Control

20. Project Human Resource Management
Four Processes
Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring &
Controlling Closing
Develop Human
Resource Plan
Acquire Project Team
Develop Project Team
Manage Project Team

21. Project Communications Management
Five Processes
Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring &
Controlling Closing
Identify Stakeholders Plan Communications Distribute Information Report Performance
Manage Stakeholder
Expectations

22. Project Risk Management
Six Processes
Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring &
Controlling Closing
Plan Risk Management
Identify Risks
Perform Qualitative
Risk Analysis
Perform Quantitative
Risk
Analysis
Plan Risk Responses
Monitor and Control
Risks

23. Project Procurement Management
Four Processes
Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring &
Controlling Closing
Plan Procurements Conduct Procurements
Administer Close Procurements
Procurements

24. Knowledge Areas and Process
Groups Summary (1 of 2)
Process Groups
Knowledge Area Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring &
Controlling Closing
Project Integration Develop Project Develop Project Direct and Manage Monitor and
Management Charter Management Plan Close Project or Project Execution
Control Project
Work Phase
Perform Integrated
Change Control
Project Scope Collect Verify Scope
Management Requirements Control Scope
Define Scope
Create WBS
Project Time Management
Define Activities
Sequence Control Schedule
Activities
Estimate Activity
Resources
Estimate Activity
Durations
Develop Schedule
Project Cost Management Estimate Costs. Control Costs
Determine Budget
Project Quality
Plan Quality
Perform Quality Perform Quality
Management Assurance
Control

25. Knowledge Areas and Process
Groups Summary (2 of 2)
Process Groups
Knowledge Area
Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring &
Controlling
Closing
Project Human Resource Develop Human Acquire Project
Management Resource Plan Team
Develop Project
Team
Manage Project
Team
Project Communications Identify Plan
Communications
Distribute Report
Management Stakeholders
Information Performance
Manage
Stakeholder
Expectations
Project Risk Management
Plan Risk
Management
Identify Risks
Perform
Qualitative Risk
Analysis
Perform
Quantitative Risk
Analysis
Plan Risk
Responses
Monitor and
Control Risks
Project Procurement Plan Procurements Conduct Administer Close
Management Procurements Procurements Procurements

26. Knowledge Check
Concepts You Should Know
 A process is a set of interrelated actions and activities
performed to achieve a pre-specified product, result, or
service.
 The PMBOK Guide defines 42 project management
processes.
 The 42 project management processes are grouped into
5 Process Groups:
 Initiating
 Planning
 Executing
 Monitoring and Controlling
 Closing Knowledge Check

27. Knowledge Check
Concepts You Should Know (cont.)
 There are nine Knowledge Areas in the PMBOK Guide:
 Project Integration Management (6 processes)
 Project Scope Management (5 processes)
 Project Time Management (6 processes)
 Project Cost Management (3 processes)
 Project Quality Management (3processes)
 Project Human Resource Management (4 processes)
 Project Communications Management (5 processes)
 Project Risk Management (6 processes)
 Project Procurement Management (4 processes)
Knowledge Check

28. Knowledge Check
Concepts You Should Know (cont.)
● All processes are described in terms of their inputs,
tools and techniques, and outputs:
 Input: Any item that is required by a process before that
process can proceed
 Tool: Something tangible used in performing an activity to
produce a result
 Technique: Defined systematic procedure to perform an
activity to produce a result
 Output: Product, result, or service produced by a
process
● The project management processes  Across the life of the project are iterative:
 Within each phase of the project life cycle Knowledge Check