This document provides information about welding processes and safety. It defines welding as a material joining process using heat and/or pressure. It describes different welding processes such as oxy-fuel gas welding, arc welding, and resistance welding. It discusses welding hazards, defects, joint types, and types of welds. The document outlines safety practices for welding, including personal protective equipment and ventilation. It also covers fire prevention and safe operation of welding equipment.
this presentation provides you the knowledge releated to basic components and working of various types of welding which is known by every mechanical engineer hope you like....
This presentation focuses on basics of solid state processes and its processes including the applications of specific processes. It also covers the advantages and disadvantages of the discussed processes.
If you are completely new to the world of welding, it can be defined as a method of joining and melting together two or more pieces of metal or other materials such as thermoplastics through the use of applied heat and pressure. cemetalfabrication.com
Welding process
Arc Welding
Resistance Welding
Oxy fuel Gas Welding
Other Fusion Welding Processes
Solid State Welding
Weld Quality
Weld ability
Design Considerations in Welding
this presentation provides you the knowledge releated to basic components and working of various types of welding which is known by every mechanical engineer hope you like....
This presentation focuses on basics of solid state processes and its processes including the applications of specific processes. It also covers the advantages and disadvantages of the discussed processes.
If you are completely new to the world of welding, it can be defined as a method of joining and melting together two or more pieces of metal or other materials such as thermoplastics through the use of applied heat and pressure. cemetalfabrication.com
Welding process
Arc Welding
Resistance Welding
Oxy fuel Gas Welding
Other Fusion Welding Processes
Solid State Welding
Weld Quality
Weld ability
Design Considerations in Welding
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
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When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
2. 2
WELDING
Definition: Material joining process. Two
parts connected at their contacting
surfaces by suitable heat and pressure.
Many welding processes are
accomplished by heat alone, some others
by heat and pressure, and some with
pressure only.
In some welding operations a filler
material is used.
Welding operation usually applied to
metals but also used for plastics.
3. Parts produced by any of the manufacturing processes
can be made into larger, more complex bodies via Joining
processes
• Creating a metallurgical bond by adhesion and diffusion
• Joining by fusion with the use of various heat sources
• Brazing or soldering with a lower-melting metal
• Mechanical fastening
Joining ProcessesJoining Processes
5. Sources of Energy for Fusion Welding
• Chemical reactions
– Burning gases
– GAS WELDING
• Heat from electricity
– Arc
– ARC WELDING
SYSTEMS
– Resistance welding
• LightLight
LASERLASER
6. Three Specific Types of Welding
Modules
• In this Welding, Cutting, and Brazing
module, three specific types of welding are
covered. These are listed below:
– Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting
– Arc welding and cutting
– Resistance welding
7. • Definition:
–This is a group of fusion welding
processes that use heat and pressure to
make the coalescence.
• The heat comes from electrical
resistance to current flow at the site of
the weld.
– The processes include:
• Spot Welding
• Projection Welding
• Seam Welding
Resistance Welding
8. • Spot Welding
–A process typically used in high-
volume, rapid welding applications.
•The pieces to be joined are
clamped between two electrodes
under force, and an electrical
current is sent through them.
Resistance Welding
9. Welding/Cutting Hazards
• Potential Hazards
– Fires may start by hot materials igniting
nearby combustibles.
– Burns to the operator may occur if unprotected
skin comes into contact with the extremely hot
work.
– Magnetic fields could easily
destroy/disrupt electronic
components, stored data if not
careful.
11. 1. Fusion welding defects due wrong heat input, insufficient
rate of weld metal deposition, and cooling.
2. Lack of bonding or gas porosity due to surface
contaminants, including oxides, oils, etc.
3. Undesirable reactions with surface contaminants
4. Solidification cracks in the weld.
5. Solidification shrinkage coupled with solid shrinkage
imposes internal tensile stresses on the structure, may
lead to distortion.
6. Gases released or formed during welding (eg CO) can
lead to porosity which weakens the joint and acts as a
stress raiser.
Welding Defects
12. 12
Weld joint
There are 5 basic joint types in welding
• Butt joint: Two materials are in the same
plane, joined from the edges.
• Corner joint:The corners of two materials
form a right angle and joined.
• Lap joint: Two parts overlaps.
• Tee joint: One part is perpendicular to
the other, making a T shape.
• Edge joint: Edges of the two materials
joined.
14. 14
Types of weld
1. Fillet weld: Used in T joints,corner joints, lap
joints.
2. Groove weld:Used in butt joints.
3. Plug weld: Used in lap joints.
4. Slot weld: Used in lap joints.
5. Spot weld: Used in lap joints.
6. Seam weld: Used in lap joints.
7. Flange weld:Used in edge joints.
8. Surfacing weld:Not a joining process, it is used
to increase the thickness of the plate, or
provide a protective coating on the surface.
16. Oxyacetylene Gas Welding
Three basic types of oxyacetylene flames used in oxyfuel-gas welding and
cutting operations: (a) neutral flame; (b) oxidizing flame; (c) carburizing, or
reducing, flame. The gas mixture in (a) is basically equal volumes of oxygen
and acetylene. (d) The principle of the oxyfuel-gas welding operation.
17. Oxygen-fuel gas welding & Cutting
• The elements of Oxygen-fuel gas welding
and cutting:
– General Requirements
– Cylinders
– Service Pipe Systems
– Pipe System Protection
18. Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting
• General Requirements
– Focuses on using Acetylene Safely
• Flammable
• Unstable
• Cannot be adjusted above 15 psi
– Safe Work Practices
• Blow out cylinder valve
• Turn on cylinder valve first and
then adjust the regulator pressure screw.
• Never stand in front or behind
a regulator when opening the cylinder valve
• Open cylinder valve slowly
• The pressure adjusting screw:
– Turning clockwise allows the gas
allows to flow.
– Turning counterclockwise reduces
or stop the gas flow.
19. • General Requirements Cont.:
– Safe Work Practices
• Purge oxygen and acetylene passages
• Light the acetylene
• Never use oil or grease
• Do not use oxygen as a substitute for air
• Keep your work area clean
Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting
21. t
Arc Welding and Cutting
• Definition:
– A fusion process wherein the coalescence of
the metals is achieved from the heat of an
electric arc formed between an electrode and
the work.
• Application
• Installation
• Operation & Maintenance
22. • Application
– Applies to a large and varied group of
processes that use an electric arc as the
source of heat to melt and join metals.
• Installation
– Arc welding requires proper installation of
equipment.
– A critical part of installation is ensuring that
proper grounding is completed.
Arc Welding & Cutting
23. Arc Welding & Cutting
• Operation & Maintenance
– All connections to the machine shall be checked
to make certain that they are properly made.
– The work lead shall be firmly attached to the
work.
– Magnetic work clamps shall be free from
adherent metal particles of spatter on contact
surfaces.
– Coiled welding cable shall be
spread out before use to avoid
serious overheating and
damage to insulation.
24. Methods of Arc Welding
• Three Types of Welding Methods:
– Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG)
– Gas Metal Arc Welding (MIG)
– Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)/ Stick
Welding
25. • Heat is produced from electric
arc between workpiece and
electrode material for melting
the workpiece material.
• AC and DC are used
• An Inert gas shields both
electrodes
• Most heat energy is due to
electron flow to metal
Direct Current Electrode Negative
(DCEN): Deeper weld.
Direct Current Electrode Positive
(DCEP): Shallower and Wider
Heat input
v
EI
H = H- heat input, E, Voltage, I, Current, and v the
velocity of the arc travels along the weld line
Electric Arc Welding
26. • Electron Beam welding (EBW)
– Heat is produced by high velocity
electron gun in a narrow beam
– No filler material
– High rate of heating results in greater
depth and heat-affected zone is very
small
– Suitable for welding refractory materials
like: molybdenum and zirconium
– Requires a vacuum (limitation)
– x-ray will be generated around the
welding gun which may be cancerous
Other Welding Processes
High Energy Beam Welding
27. Safe Work Practices
• Electric & Gas Welding
– Safety Check:
• Ensure electrical cord, electrode holder
and cables are free from defects
– No cable splices within 10 feet of electrode holder.
• Ensure welding unit is properly grounded.
This helps to avoid over heating.
• All defective equipment shall be repaired
or replaced before using.
28. Safe Work Practices
• Electric & Gas Welding Cont.:
– Safety Check:
• Remove all jewelry – rings, watches, bracelets,
etc…
• Ensure PPE e.g.. welding hood, gloves, rubber
boots or safety shoes, apron are available and in
good condition.
• Ensure fire extinguisher is charged and available.
• Ensure adequate ventilation and lighting is in place.
• Set Voltage Regulator to Manufacture’s
specifications.
• Avoid electrical shock DON’T wrap cables around
any body part.
• Ensure fittings are tight.
29. Safe Work Practices
• Electric & Gas Welding Cont.:
– Safety Check:
• Inspect hoses for cuts and frayed areas.
• Set gauges to desired PSI.
• Ensure that sufficient PPE is made
available.
• Locate welding screens to protect
employee’s – DON’T block your exit.
• Ensure that adequate ventilation and
lighting are in place.
30. Fire Protection & Prevention
• Fire hazards must be removed, or
– Guards installed, or
– Welding/cutting must NOT take place
• Hot work permit should be used
outside designated areas to ensure
that all fire hazards are controlled
• Use of fire watch
– 1/2 hour after operation ceases
31. L10 : Joining processesL10 : Joining processesProper Ventilation for Welding
• Ensure protection from fumes
and gases by one or a
combination of the following:
– Good general ventilation.
– Use of a booth.
– Local exhaust ventilation
on the hand piece.
– Air supply to the helmet.
32. U
Welding Operators Protection
• Welding involves specialized personal
protection that must be worn every time
you perform welding operations. The
following is a list of basic PPE:
– Fire-resistant gloves
– Aprons
– Safety shoes
– Helmet
– Ultraviolet radiation filter plate (arc welding)
– Goggles with filter lenses
33. Sequences of welding
1.Do not over weld
2.Control fit up
4.For groove welds, use joints that will minimize the volume of weld metal.
Consider double-sided joints instead of single-sided joints
5.Weld alternately on either side of the joint when possible with multiple-pass
welds
6.Use minimal number of weld passes
7.Use low heat input procedures. This generally means high deposition rates
and higher travel speeds
9.Use welding positioners to achieve the maximum amount of flat-position
welding.
10.Balance welds about the neutral axis
11.Distribute the welding heat as evenly as possible through a planned welding
sequence
12.Weld toward the unrestrained part of the member
13.Use clamps, fixtures, and strong backs to maintain fit up and alignment
14. welds being made continually balance each other
In this Welding, Cutting, and Brazing module, three specific types of welding are covered. These are listed below:
Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting
Arc welding and cutting
Resistance welding.
Electric current and mechanical pressure
Resistance to the flow of current heats the material.
Pressure is simultaneously applied to the joint, forming a solidified nugget that attaches the pieces.
I. Speaker’s Notes:
Acetylene is extremely dangerous because of its flammability range.
Oxyacetylene torch cutting is very common throughout the industry as it has a wide flammable range.
Acetylene is extremely unstable.
Acetylene is generated in the cylinder from a reaction of acetone and calcium silicate.
Relief valves for generating chamber shall be set to open at a pressure not in excess of 15 psi.
Using acetylene at pressures in excess of 15 psig pressure (or about 30 psia pressure) is a hazardous practice.
II. Speaker’s Notes:
This slide lists basic rules to follow when welding with oxyacetylene.
Before connecting to the regulator, always blow out the cylinder valve.
Release the regulator by adjusting the screw before opening the cylinder valve.
Always stand to the side of the regulator while opening the cylinder in case of accidental pressure release.
Open the valve cautiously and slowly.
Never use acetylene at pressures above 15 pounds per square inch.
I. Speaker’s Notes:
Before lighting the torch, remember to purge acetylene and oxygen passages.
Before opening the oxygen on the torch, light the acetylene.
Never use oil or grease on regulators, tips, or any part that may come into contact with oxygen.
Do not use oxygen as a substitute for air.
Always keep your work area free of items that could ignite.
