This document discusses principles and strategies of assessment, including the differences between internal and external assessment. It provides characteristics that effective assessments should have such as being valid, reliable, and purposeful. The key principles of assessment are that it should be valid, reliable, explicit, inclusive, manageable, and include both formative and summative components. Strategies for assessment include reflective activities, quizzes, questioning techniques, and varied pencil-paper assessments. Internal assessment is conducted by teachers through observation and tests, while external assessment is done by an outside agency.

1. PRINCIPLES AND
STRATEGIES OF
ASSESSMENT- TYPES
OF ASSESSMENT –
INTERNAL VS
EXTERNAL

2. ASSESSMENT
• Act of judging or deciding the amount ,
value ,quality or important of something
• Used to evaluate the educational
programmes

3. CHARACTERISTICS
• Valid
• Reliable
• Flexible
• Purposeful (develop current level of
knowledge, identify areas )
• Timely (time during a given unit of study to
enable students to come to such judgment)

4. • Demanding
• Efficient and manageable

5. PRINCIPLES OF ASSESSMENT
• Assessment should be valid
• Assessment should be reliable and consistent
• Assessment should be explicit,accessible and
transparent
• Assessment should be inclusive and equitable
• Assessment should be manageable

6. • Formative and summative assessment should
be included in each programme
• Timely feedback promote learning
• Staff development policy
• In depth knowledge of the subject area
• Evaluates,monitors and improves teaching
practices

7. STRATEGIES OF ASSESSMENT
• Ask students to reflect
• Use quizes
• Hand signals
• Open ended questions that gets them writing or talking
• Response cards
• Four corners
• Think –pair- share
• One question quiz

8. • Socratics seminar
• 3 2 1
• Ticket out the door
• Journal reflection
• Pencil-paper assessment
• Peer instructions
• Make it useful

9. • Use variety
• Practise frequency
• Analogy prompt
• Misconceptions Check

10. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
• Evaluation by teachers by observation
,test and other techniques

11. ADVANTAGES
• Minimize the over anxiety and nervousness of
students
• Rote memorization can be avoided
• Helps to identify the strength and weakness
of student’s
• Active participation of students
• Desirable changes in attitude, interest and
appreciation of students and teachers

12. DISADVANTAGES
• Misuse by teachers
• Requires experienced,honest and sincere
teachers
• Reliability and validity are questionable
• Requires lots of time to undertake several
activities

13. CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE
EVALUATION
• Continuous – evaluation of identified
aspects of students growth and
developmentally
• Comprehensive – cover both the scholastic
and co – scholastic aspects of students
growth and development

14. GRADING SYSTEM
• Students levels of performance classified
using letter grades is called gradeing
system
• Direct and indirect grading – direct –
grading through marks. Indirect – grading
through letters

15. FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE
EVALUATION
• Evaluation during development stage and
corrected accordingly – Formative
• Evaluating student learning at the end of
an instructional unit - summative

16. EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT
• Assessment through test,observation by
an external agency

17. OBJECTIVES
• Award the students with degree certificate
• Maintane Standard of education
• Place students in merit
• Get employment
• Selection for higher education
• Creation of good habits in students

18. ADVANTAGES
• Evaluate developing competent person from
practicing detect and locate fault and
problems
• Useful and determining the abilities of a
student
• Evaluate and reevaluate the course of studies
• Good device for motivating students

19. DISADVANTAGES
• Less diverse assessment
• Setting same task at the same time for all
students
• Teachers have no opportunity to build their
assessment skill
• Much narrower range of assessment