The document discusses the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI), also known as the Keller Plan. It was originated by Fred Keller in 1965 as an individualized instruction model for college-level education. PSI is composed of small, self-paced modules where students progress through study guides. It has advantages like allowing students to learn at their own pace and developing cooperation. However, teachers may lack enthusiasm to implement new ideas.

2. PERSONALIZED
SYSTEM OF
INSTRUCTION (PSI)
O R
KELLER PLAN

3. INTRODUCTION
The Keller plan originated by Fred S. Keller in
1965. It is an individualized instruction plan but still it retains the
merit of collecting instruction to a great extent. This plan is
better suited for college level instruction.

4. DEFINITION
Personalized System of Instruction (PSI ) is also
known as the Keller Plan. First described by Fred Keller in good
bye teacher - journal of applied behavior analysis (1968). It is
composed of small self – paced modularized units of instructions
where study guides direct learners through the modules.

5. CHARACTERISTICS
Keller plan is a sequence of 3 step cycles of
learning process with presentation response and
consequences. The course policy is explained to the students in
the beginning and he is given the study guide. The course
content is divided into about 12 to 20 units which can be
mastered by a student in about a week. Student masters each
unit at his own place.

6. ADVANTAGES OF PSI
 Every student with all his intellectual physiological Socio- economic status,
interest and aptitude is considered as a class in himself .
 Students learn at their own pace.
 It uses the technique of feedback and continuous formative tests etc.
 It develops co-operation among students, because of proctor guidance.
 The students learn to learn through self- learning.

7. LIMITATIONS
 Teachers may feel that they are not rewarded for their work .
 Teachers may not have the necessary enthusiasm to try new ideas.
 Teachers may feel satisfied with their existing teaching techniques.
 Teachers may find it difficult to write specific behavioral objectives.
 Mastery of learning is ignored.

8. QUESTIONS
1. What you mean by PSI ?
2. What are the main characterstics of PSI ?
3. Who is the founder of PSI ?
4. What are the advantages of PSI ?
5. PSI also known as _________
6. What is the expanded the term of PSI ?

9. CONCLUSION
Measured according to the criteria examined earlier higher
education has yet to become a mature data –driven field .
In the absence of data as a guide , educational trends and
fashions one of ten driven by charismatic authority and
opinion leaders who come in and out of vogue