Preventive maintenance aims to prevent equipment failures through a scheduled program of planned maintenance actions. It involves replacing worn components before failure to preserve reliability and enhance equipment performance. An effective preventive maintenance system provides many advantages like reduced downtime, increased asset life, and lower repair costs. While preventive maintenance carries some risks if not properly planned and executed, its overall costs are typically much lower than emergency maintenance required by unexpected failures. Data-driven condition monitoring techniques help optimize preventive maintenance programs.
In order to prevent a breakdown or a sudden failure of the equipment in the workplace, organization need to monitor the maintenance of equipment's and prevent problems before it occurs.
It refers to a regular examine and routine maintenance, which helps in keeping equipment up and running.
It is a planned maintenance of the plant and equipment's which is designed to improve equipment life and avoid any sudden failure.
It includes painting, lubrication, cleaning, adjusting and component replacement to prolong the useful life of the production equipment.
In order to prevent a breakdown or a sudden failure of the equipment in the workplace, organization need to monitor the maintenance of equipment's and prevent problems before it occurs.
It refers to a regular examine and routine maintenance, which helps in keeping equipment up and running.
It is a planned maintenance of the plant and equipment's which is designed to improve equipment life and avoid any sudden failure.
It includes painting, lubrication, cleaning, adjusting and component replacement to prolong the useful life of the production equipment.
Reliability and Maintenance in production ManagementNazneen sheikh
This ppt may help you to get a clear picture about reliability and maintenance in Production Management.
Feedback is a must!!!1
Regards.
Nazneen Sheikh
Condition Monitoring – Cost comparison with and without CM – On-load testing and offload testing –Methods and instruments for CM – Temperature sensitive tapes – Pistol thermometers – wear-debris analysis
Reliability and Maintenance in production ManagementNazneen sheikh
This ppt may help you to get a clear picture about reliability and maintenance in Production Management.
Feedback is a must!!!1
Regards.
Nazneen Sheikh
Condition Monitoring – Cost comparison with and without CM – On-load testing and offload testing –Methods and instruments for CM – Temperature sensitive tapes – Pistol thermometers – wear-debris analysis
Preventive Maintenance Strategies for Power Distribution Systems- Charles AlvisSchneider Electric
As presented at AIST 2014, A comprehensive, routine preventive maintenance and testing program is the way to ensure your facility's electrical equipment and components operate properly and for as long as possible. "Preventive Maintenance Strategies for Power Distribution Systems" will present how to implement an effective program at your facility. The presentation will also show you how regularly scheduled preventive maintenance can improve operational safety and energy efficiency within your organization.
This presentation was made at the Wind Energy Update O&M conference in Dallas, TX on April 9, 2013. This presentation included an interactive survey of attendees, the results of which have also been uploaded ot SlideShare.
Enhancing Capacity Utilization of Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant through Bett...Premier Publishers
This paper describes the capacity enhancement of coal fired power plants through operational optimization, control techniques and better maintenance practices. The philosophy of “Prevention is Better than Cure” is dealt in detail to improve the Plant load factor (PLF) of plant. The energy conservation measures are also implemented in improving the plant performance and are enumerated in this paper. By adopting better maintenance practices for thermal power plants, enhance the capacity utilization of plants, thereby the present average PLF of 73.3 % of 210 and 250 MW units can be enhanced to about 95 % that will release an additional energy of about 1.2 lakh MU/year.
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
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The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
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Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
2. What is Preventive Maintenance?
•Preventive maintenance is a schedule of planned maintenance actions aimed at the prevention of breakdowns and failures. The primary goal of preventive maintenance is to prevent the failure of equipment before it actually occurs. It is designed to preserve and enhance equipment reliability by replacing worn components before they actually fail.
3. Reasons for the need of a PM system
•Increased Automation
•Business loss due to production delays
•Production of a higher quality product
•Just-in-time manufacturing
•Need for a more organized, planned environment
4. Advantages of a PM system
•Reduced production downtime, resulting in fewer machine breakdowns.
•Better conservation of assets and increased life expectancy of assets, thereby eliminating premature replacement of machinery and equipment.
•Timely, routine repairs circumvent fewer large-scale repairs.
•If failure can not be prevented periodic inspections can help reduce its severity.
•Reduced cost of repairs by reducing secondary failures. When parts fail in service, they usually damage other parts.
•Identification of equipment with excessive maintenance costs
•The cost of planned maintenance is always cheaper than emergency maintenance
•Better quality products
•Improved safety and quality conditions.
5. Brainstorming Exercise
•Are there any risks of running a PM system?
•If there are risks when would it be a good time to use PM?
6. Potential errors or damage of a PM system
•Damage to an adjacent equipment during a PM task.
•Reintroducing infant mortality by installing new parts or materials.
•Damage due to an error in reinstalling equipment into its original location.
7. A real life example of a PM error
A review of the data from fossil-fueled power plants that examined the frequency and duration of forced outages after a planned or forced maintenance outage reinforces our point. The data collected from those plants showed that of 3146 maintenance outages, 1772 of them occurred in less than one week after a maintenance outage. Clearly, this is pretty strong evidence that suggests that in 56% of the cases, unplanned maintenance outages were caused by errors committed during a recent maintenance outage.
8. When Does Preventive Maintenance Make Sense
•This is a logical choice that considers two conditions
–#1. The component in question has an increasing failure rate.
–#2. The overall cost of the preventive maintenance action must be less than the overall cost of a corrective action.
If both of these conditions are met PM would make sense
9. The Law of PM
•Higher the value of the plant assets and equipment per square foot of plant, the greater will be the return on a PM program.
E.g. -downtime in an automobile plant assembly line at one time cost $10,000 per minute. Relating this to lost production time an automobile manufacturer reported that the establishment of a PM program in their 16 assembly plants reduced downtime from 300 hours per year to 25 hours per year. With results such as this no well- managed plant can afford not to develop a PM program.
11. How to determine the optimum age of replacement?
•A more technical approach.
Where:
•R(t) = reliability at time t.
•CP= cost of planned replacement.
•CU= cost of unplanned replacement
•CPUT(t) = The optimum replacement time
12. The key for a successful PM system
•Scheduling –Should be automated to the maximum extent possible
•Execution –Should be done before the actual break down occurs.
13. Execution
•The Bath Tub Model –Three stages of new parts
1.Infant morality stage
2.A fairly long run stage
3.Wear out stage
•Traditional View according to Bath Tub Model –Replace components just before they entered wear out stage
14. Execution
•Traditional view says –
Wear out stage = Increased rate of failure.
•Point to Ponder –
Since, wear out stage represents increased rate of failure, wouldn’t it be plausible to execute the PM program at this stage?
15. Execution
•United Airlines Research
Reliability Centered Maintenance based on research done by United Airlines and the rest of the aircraft industry showed that very few non-structural components exhibit bathtub curve characteristics. Their research showed that only about 11% of all components exhibit wear-out characteristics, but 72% of components do exhibit infant mortality characteristics. These same characteristics have been shown to apply in Department of Defense systems as well as power plant systems.
16. What really should PM focus on?
•Cleaning Found through testing
•Lubrication and inspection
•And correcting deficiencies
Predetermined parts replacement should be minimal and done only where statistical evidence clearly indicates wear-out characteristics
17. In the absence of data
•Age exploration programs
•Statistical analysis
Cost shouldn’t be a primary factor in deciding against data collection for a PM
18. Motivating Preventive Maintenance Workers
•Training programs –most effective
•Establish inspection and preventive maintenance as a recognized, important part of the overall maintenance program.
•Assign competent, responsible people to the preventive maintenance program.
•Follow-up to assure quality performance and to show everyone that management does care.
•Provide training in precision maintenance practices and training in the right techniques and procedures for preventive maintenance on specific equipment.
•Set high standards.
•Publicize reduced costs with improved up-time and revenues, which are the result of effective preventive maintenance
19. Diagnostic Technologies
The most commonly applied condition- based maintenance techniques are
vibration analysis, oil analysis, thermography, ultrasonics, electrical effects and penetrants.
20. Vibration analysis
Vibration can be defined as the movement of a mass from its point of rest through all positions back to the point of rest, where it is ready to repeat the cycle. The time it takes to do this is its period, and the number of repetitions of this cycle in a given time is its frequency
21. Vibration analysis
The severity of vibration is determined by the amplitude -or maximum movement -its peak velocity and peak acceleration. Vibration analysis in condition monitoring, is accomplished by comparing vibration characteristics of current operation to a baseline, measured when the machinery was known to be operating normally. The selection of the specific parameters to be measured depends primarily on the frequency of the vibration.
22. Vibration analysis
Vibration analysis techniques can be used to monitor the performance of mechanical equipment that rotates, reciprocates or has other dynamic actions. Examples include gearboxes, roller bearings, motors, pumps, fans, turbines, belt or chain drives, compressors, generators, conveyors, reciprocating engines and indexing machines
23. Oil analysis
Ferrography and magnetic chip detection examine the iron-based wear particles in lubrication oils to determine the type and extent of wear, and can help determine the specific component that is wearing.
24. Oil Analysis
Spectrometric oil analysis measures the presence and amounts of contaminants in the oil through atomic emission or absorption spectrometry.
25. Oil analysis
It is useful for determining not only iron, but also other metallic and not metallic elements, which can be related to the composition of the various machine components, like bearings, bushings, piston rings, etc. It is useful when wear particles are initially being generated in the early stages of failure, as they are small.
26. Oil analysis
Chromatography measures the changes in lubricant properties, including viscosity, flash point, pH, water content and insoluble, through selective absorption and analysis.
27. Thermography
The most common uses for thermography, which measures the surface temperature through the measurement of infra-red radiation, are for determining poor electrical connections and hot spots, furnace and kiln refractory wear and critical boiler and turbine component overheating. An infra-red camera shows surface temperature variations, calibrated to provide the absolute temperature or temperature gradients through black and white or color variations.
28. Ultrasonic
There are several techniques for ultrasonic testing, but they all are used to determine faults or anomalies in welds, coatings, piping, tubes, structures, shafts, etc. Cracks, gaps, buildups, erosion, corrosion and inclusions are discovered by transmitting ultrasonic pulses or waves through the material and assessing the resultant signature to determine the location and severity of the discontinuity. This technique is also used to measure flow rates.
29. Electrical Effects Monitoring
There are several tests for corrosion using a simple electric circuit monitored by varying degrees of sophisticated instrumentation. The Corrator uses the electro-chemical polarization method in a vessel with corrosive liquid. The Corrometer uses the electrical resistance across a probe inserted in the active environment eg. refinery process equipment.
31. Penetrants
Electrostatic and liquid dye penetrants are used to detect cracks and discontinuities on surfaces, caused in manufacturing, by wear, fatigue, maintenance and overhaul procedures, corrosion or general weathering. The penetrant is applied and allowed to penetrate into the anomalies. The surface is cleaned and the penetrant revealed through direct visual, fluorescent or electrostatic techniques.
32. PLANNED MAINTENANCE
Maintenance work carried out with forethought control and record. It can be applied to any of maintenance provided that
(a) The maintenance policy has been considered carefully.
(b) The maintenance policy is planned in advance.
(c) The work is controlled and directed to conform to the prearranged plan.
(d) Historical and statistical record are complied and maintained to assess the results and provide guide for future policy.
33. BENEFITS OF PLANNED MAINTENANCE
1.Greater Plant Availability
2.Less Costly
3.High Level of Output
4.Greater Utilization
5.Servicing and Adjustment is not overlooked
6.Improved Budget Control
7.Improved Stocks and Spares Control
8.Provision of Information for Realistic Forecasts
9.Focusing Attn. on Frequently Recurring Jobs.
34. ELEMENTS OF PLANNED MAINTENANCE (PM)
1.Leader
2.List of all Facilities and their Importance (What)
3. Identification (Coding)
4. Facility Register
35. Trends in Maintenance
•Production machinery is becoming more and more complex and maintenance personnel must keep pace
•Special training programs to maintain worker skill level
•Subcontracting service companies
•Production workers maintain own equipment
•Computer assistance in maintenance
36. Computer Assistance in Maintenance
•Scheduling maintenance projects
•Maintenance cost reports by production department, cost category, and other classifications
•Inventory status reports for maintenance parts and supplies
•Parts failure data
•Operations analysis studies
37. Maintenance Issues in Service Organizations
•Maintenance issues are not limited to manufacturing
•Transportation firms (airlines, trucking companies, package delivery services, railroads) must keep their vehicles in top operating condition
•Highway departments must maintain roadways
•Office personnel are reliant on copiers, printers, computers, and fax machines working properly
•As services become increasingly automated, service firms face more and more maintenance issues
38. Wrap-Up: World-Class Practice
•Empower workers so they “own” their machines
•Implement JIT to help reduce inventories and cycle time
•Invest in factory and service automation projects
•Utilize automated process sensing and control systems
•Use computers in maintenance management
39. Summary
•PM is not difficult to achieve.
•It is an essential part for cost reduction
•There is an element of risk involved in PM
•Careful planning and execution will reduce the risk of PM
•The biggest benefits of a PM program occur through painting, lubrication, cleaning and adjusting, and minor component replacement to extend the life of equipment and facilities.