Use of hydrometallurgy in metal recovery from mine wastes
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
4 likes•1,100 views
This document discusses the use of hydrometallurgy in recovering metals from mine waste. It begins by introducing the types and classification of mine waste like waste rock, tailings, and slags. It then discusses aspects like economics and the environment. Mine waste leaching is examined as a process to extract metals. Various metals that can be recovered from mine waste are discussed, like aluminum from red mud, copper from different ore types, and platinum from native ores. References are provided to support the information presented.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
A brief Idea on Hydrometallurgy & Pyrometallurgy
The document discusses two methods for recovering valuable metals from e-waste: hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgy uses aqueous chemistry and room temperature liquids to leach, concentrate, and purify metals like silver, copper, and zinc from e-waste. Pyrometallurgy applies high temperatures through processes like calcination, roasting, smelting, and refining to extract metals like iron, copper, zinc, chromium, and manganese. While pyrometallurgy has higher recovery efficiency and accelerated reaction rates, it is also more energy intensive, capital intensive, and produces toxins.
hydrometallorgy
1. The document describes the relationship between concentration and purification processes using solvent extraction in hydrometallurgy.
2. Solvent extraction is a well-established process that separates an impure aqueous stream into two streams, one containing most impurities and the other containing most valuable metal ions.
3. Examples of concentration and purification discussed include solvent extraction being used to produce pure copper electrolytes from impure leach solutions, and to recover uranium from acidic leach liquors while removing impurities like iron and thorium.
Stages of hydrometallurgical processes
The document summarizes the key stages of hydrometallurgical processes. It discusses three main stages: leaching, solution concentration and purification, and metal recovery. Leaching involves dissolving metals from ores using techniques like heap, vat, or agitation leaching. Solution concentration and purification removes impurities. Metal recovery precipitates metals from the solution chemically or electrochemically, such as via electrowinning. Hydrometallurgy is more environmentally friendly than pyrometallurgy and can process lower grade ores, but requires more time and has challenges with separation and impurities.
Pem ln 1_mkp
This document provides an overview of principles of extractive metallurgy. It outlines the course objectives which are to understand extractive metallurgy processes, identify extraction types, learn thermodynamics of extraction, and understand various metal production flow sheets. The syllabus covers topics like extraction processes, pyrometallurgy versus hydrometallurgy, calcination, roasting, smelting, thermodynamics principles, and electrometallurgy. Key extraction concepts like comminution, classification, separation methods, and kinetics are also mentioned.
PERUMIN 31: The Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Copper Concentrates: An Alter...
PERUMIN 31: The Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Copper Concentrates: An Alter...PERUMIN - Convención Minera
BLOQUE: PROCESOS METALÚRGICOS
Conferencia magistral
David Dreisinger
Professor
University of British Columbia
Miércoles 18 de setiembre, 2013PERUMIN 31: Pyrometallurgical Processing Technologies for Treating High Arsen...
PERUMIN 31: Pyrometallurgical Processing Technologies for Treating High Arsen...PERUMIN - Convención Minera
BLOQUE: PROCESOS METALÚRGICOS
Conferencia magistral
Patrick Taylor
Professor
Colorado School of Mines
Miércoles 18 de setiembre, 2013Extractive Metallurgy
Extraction to separate metals is discussed from ores. So, all the steps are discussed in complete order
Mineral Processing (Pyrometallurgy)
The document is a presentation on pyrometallurgy given by Abraham Barry to Nathaniel Johnson. Pyrometallurgy uses thermal energy to extract and purify metals through processes like calcination, roasting, smelting, and refining. It discusses the key processes used in pyrometallurgy like calcination, which thermally decomposes materials below melting points, and roasting, which heats sulfide ores in air. It also covers the furnace types used like shaft, blast, muffle, and hearth furnaces.
Recommended
A brief Idea on Hydrometallurgy & Pyrometallurgy
The document discusses two methods for recovering valuable metals from e-waste: hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgy uses aqueous chemistry and room temperature liquids to leach, concentrate, and purify metals like silver, copper, and zinc from e-waste. Pyrometallurgy applies high temperatures through processes like calcination, roasting, smelting, and refining to extract metals like iron, copper, zinc, chromium, and manganese. While pyrometallurgy has higher recovery efficiency and accelerated reaction rates, it is also more energy intensive, capital intensive, and produces toxins.
hydrometallorgy
1. The document describes the relationship between concentration and purification processes using solvent extraction in hydrometallurgy.
2. Solvent extraction is a well-established process that separates an impure aqueous stream into two streams, one containing most impurities and the other containing most valuable metal ions.
3. Examples of concentration and purification discussed include solvent extraction being used to produce pure copper electrolytes from impure leach solutions, and to recover uranium from acidic leach liquors while removing impurities like iron and thorium.
Stages of hydrometallurgical processes
The document summarizes the key stages of hydrometallurgical processes. It discusses three main stages: leaching, solution concentration and purification, and metal recovery. Leaching involves dissolving metals from ores using techniques like heap, vat, or agitation leaching. Solution concentration and purification removes impurities. Metal recovery precipitates metals from the solution chemically or electrochemically, such as via electrowinning. Hydrometallurgy is more environmentally friendly than pyrometallurgy and can process lower grade ores, but requires more time and has challenges with separation and impurities.
Pem ln 1_mkp
This document provides an overview of principles of extractive metallurgy. It outlines the course objectives which are to understand extractive metallurgy processes, identify extraction types, learn thermodynamics of extraction, and understand various metal production flow sheets. The syllabus covers topics like extraction processes, pyrometallurgy versus hydrometallurgy, calcination, roasting, smelting, thermodynamics principles, and electrometallurgy. Key extraction concepts like comminution, classification, separation methods, and kinetics are also mentioned.
PERUMIN 31: The Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Copper Concentrates: An Alter...
PERUMIN 31: The Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Copper Concentrates: An Alter...PERUMIN - Convención Minera
BLOQUE: PROCESOS METALÚRGICOS
Conferencia magistral
David Dreisinger
Professor
University of British Columbia
Miércoles 18 de setiembre, 2013PERUMIN 31: Pyrometallurgical Processing Technologies for Treating High Arsen...
PERUMIN 31: Pyrometallurgical Processing Technologies for Treating High Arsen...PERUMIN - Convención Minera
BLOQUE: PROCESOS METALÚRGICOS
Conferencia magistral
Patrick Taylor
Professor
Colorado School of Mines
Miércoles 18 de setiembre, 2013Extractive Metallurgy
Extraction to separate metals is discussed from ores. So, all the steps are discussed in complete order
Mineral Processing (Pyrometallurgy)
The document is a presentation on pyrometallurgy given by Abraham Barry to Nathaniel Johnson. Pyrometallurgy uses thermal energy to extract and purify metals through processes like calcination, roasting, smelting, and refining. It discusses the key processes used in pyrometallurgy like calcination, which thermally decomposes materials below melting points, and roasting, which heats sulfide ores in air. It also covers the furnace types used like shaft, blast, muffle, and hearth furnaces.
Production, Manufacturing and Extraction of Silver, Gold, Copper, Magnesium,...
Electroplating involves passing an electric current through a solution called an electrolyte. This is done by dipping two terminals called electrodes into the electrolyte and connecting them into a circuit with a battery or other power supply. The electrodes and electrolyte are made from carefully chosen elements or compounds. When the electricity flows through the circuit they make, the electrolyte splits up and some of the metal atoms it contains are deposited in a thin layer on top of one of the electrodes—it becomes electroplated. All kinds of metals can be plated in this way, including gold, silver, tin, zinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, platinum, and lead.
See more
http://goo.gl/tdxhxA
http://goo.gl/MC4MqD
http://goo.gl/DI8u5s
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Application of Zinc Refining Process, Book of Non-Ferrous Metal, Book on Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals with Electroplating Chemicals, Chemical Extraction of Precious Metals, Chemicals are used for the preparation of precious metal plating, Chromium Chemistry, Chromium occurrence, principles of extraction, Chromium uses, Copper extraction and purification, Copper extraction techniques, Copper refining process, Electrolysis of Magnesium Chloride, Electrolysis Production of Magnesium, Electrolytic processes for the extraction of nickel, Electroplating Chemicals & Non Ferrous Metals, Electroplating Chemicals, Essential Guide to Investing in Precious Metals, Extracting Lead Materials from Ore, Extracting precious metals from electronics, Extraction of Copper, Extraction of Lead, Extraction of nickel from its ore, Extraction of nickel from sulphide ore, Extraction of Nonferrous Metals book, Extraction of nonferrous metals, Extraction of Platinum Group Metals, Extraction of precious metals, Extraction of zinc by electrolysis, Extraction of Zinc, Gold Extraction in India, How electroplating works, How is lead processed?, How is nickel extracted?, How lead is made - material, used, processing, product, industry, How Nickel is produced, How to remove precious metals, How to start Non-ferrous Businesses, How to start Precious Metals Businesses, How to start your own Precious Metals Business, Indian Non-Ferrous Metals Industry, Lead Essential Chemical Industry, Lead processing, Lead smelting, producing and classification, Lead uses, Magnesium electrolysis process, Magnesium Essential Chemical Industry, Magnesium Production in India, Method used to extract nickel, Nickel electroplating, Nickel processing, Nickel smelting process, Nickel uses, Nickel, non ferrous extractive metallurgy book, non ferrous metal Business Line, non ferrous metal business, non ferrous metals, Non-ferrous and Precious Metals Businesses, Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals Mining Projects, Nonferrous Metal Processing Business Unit, Non-Ferrous Metal Scrap Business, Non-ferrous metals Aluminium, Non-Ferrous Metals and their Uses,
Flowsheet development in the context of copper extraction
This document discusses flowsheet development for copper extraction. It provides information on various processing methods including smelting, pressure oxidation, bioleaching, heap leaching, solvent extraction, and electrowinning. It also addresses topics like mineralogy, comminution, investor concerns, and cost estimation. The document is a presentation on flowsheet development best practices with a focus on processing chalcocite ore that may contain associated gold.
extraction of magnesium
Magnesium can be extracted through pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical processes. Pyrometallurgical extraction involves high temperature reduction processes like the Pidgeon, Bolzano, and Magnetherm processes. However, these processes have high energy usage. Hydrometallurgical processes like the Dows process use aqueous solutions but require large water usage. Alternative processes under development include the Mintek, SOM, and carbothermic routes which aim to provide more sustainable magnesium production. Overall, new technologies are needed to lower the energy consumption of magnesium extraction from its oxides.
Chemical Looping Combustion
Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is a combustion technology that inherently captures carbon dioxide. It involves circulating an oxygen carrier between two reactors, oxidizing the carrier in one reactor using air and then combusting the fuel with the reduced carrier in the other reactor. This produces a flue gas stream with only CO2 and H2O, avoiding the need for costly separation of CO2. CLC has advantages over other CO2 capture methods like post-combustion capture in that it has no efficiency penalty and near-zero emissions. Research is ongoing to improve oxygen carriers and reactor designs to optimize the efficiency and stability of CLC systems.
Extractive Metallurgy Presentation (Zinc)
The document discusses extractive metallurgy processes for zinc extraction. It describes the major zinc ores and details several pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical extraction processes. The key processes are roasting to produce zinc oxide from zinc sulfide ores, followed by leaching and electrolysis to recover zinc. Approximately 80% of zinc is produced via hydrometallurgical routes like roast-leach-electrowinning.
Extraction 2
1. The document discusses the general principles and processes involved in isolating elements from minerals, including concentration/purification of ores, isolation of metals from concentrated ores, and purification of metals.
2. Key steps in concentration/purification of ores include hand picking, hydraulic washing, electromagnetic separation, and froth flotation. Isolation of metals involves converting ores to metal oxides through roasting or calcination, then reducing metal oxides to metals using thermal or electrolytic processes.
3. Thermal reduction relies on coupling reduction reactions using an appropriate reducing agent based on Gibbs free energy values from Ellingham diagrams, which predict feasibility of reductions at different temperatures. Common extraction methods are also summarized for iron and
Iron
There are three main varieties of iron based on carbon content: cast iron contains 2-5% carbon and is the impure form used to make steel and wrought iron; wrought iron contains 0.12-0.25% carbon and is the purest form used for chains and magnet cores; steel contains 0.1-1.5% carbon and has properties dependent on carbon content, used for many applications. Rusting of iron occurs via an electrochemical process where iron acts as the anode, releasing electrons and ferrous ions while hydrogen ions are reduced to hydrogen gas at cathode sites on the metal surface. The ferrous ions further oxidize to ferric oxide which absorbs moisture from the
CHAPTER 4 General methods of extraction.pdf
i. Introduction
ii. Pyro-metallurgy
Calcinations
Roasting
Smelting
Slags and fluxes
iii. Hydro- Metallurgy
• Advantages of hydro metallurgy
General methods of extraction
• Leaching operations
iv. Electro-metallurgy
Electrolytic decomposition
Structure of solvent media
Molten(fused) salt electrolytes
Electrolysis of aqueous solutions
Role –energy in metal extraction
Metals and metallurgy
The document discusses the principles of metallurgy and metal extraction processes. It defines metals, non-metals and metalloids based on their properties. The processes involved in metal extraction include mining, crushing, concentration, roasting, reduction and refining. Concentration methods separate the metal ore from gangue using techniques like gravity separation, magnetic separation or froth flotation. Reduction converts the metal oxide into pure metal using carbon or aluminothermic processes. Refining further purifies the metal using techniques like liquation, distillation, electrolysis or poling. Overall, the document provides an overview of the key concepts and steps involved in extracting and processing metals from their ores.
CHAPTER 6 Extraction of metals from oxide members.pdf
Introduction
Magnesium extraction
a. Pidgeon process
b. Magnotherm process
Extraction of metals from oxide members
c. Electrolytic process (Dow process )
Aluminum extinction
a. Baye’s process
b. Hall- heraoult process
c. Methods of titrating low grades ores
d. Newer process for Aluminum production
Tantalum extraction
Questions diagram set 1=terkini 1
This document discusses several chemical reactions and concepts:
1) It describes the dehydration of ethanol to produce ethene, and the test to identify ethene using bromine.
2) It discusses the oxidation of ethanol to produce ethanoic acid, including the chemical equation and properties of ethanoic acid.
3) It covers several homologous series including alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and esters.
Extractive metallurgy (Basic Principles)
The document discusses various metallurgical processes including calcination, roasting, and sinter roasting. Calcination involves thermal decomposition or removal of volatiles without melting. Roasting converts metal sulfides to oxides using excess air. It is done in multiple hearth furnaces, flash roasters, or fluidized beds. Sinter roasting simultaneously agglomerates and roasts fine ores to produce porous sinter for blast furnaces.
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide is manufactured through the Kellner-Solvay process and Castner-Kellner cell process. In the Kellner-Solvay process, brine is electrolyzed between a mercury cathode and graphite anode, producing sodium amalgam at the cathode which is later treated with water to produce sodium hydroxide and regenerate the mercury. In the Castner-Kellner cell process, a vessel is divided into compartments where sodium ions are reduced at the mercury cathode to form sodium amalgam, which then reacts with hydroxyl ions in another compartment to form sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide is a white, highly alkaline and water-soluble solid with various industrial and laboratory uses such
Metallurgy
The document discusses the various processes involved in metallurgy, which is the extraction of metals from ores and their purification. There are three main types of metallurgical processes - pyrometallurgy which uses high temperatures, hydrometallurgy which uses aqueous solutions, and electrometallurgy which uses electrolysis. Common steps in metal extraction include mining the ore, crushing and grinding it, concentrating the ore to remove impurities, roasting or calcining it, reducing the metal oxides to the pure metal, and finally refining the metal through processes like liquation, distillation, or electrolysis.
Pyrometallurgy Extraction of zinc presentation
multiple steps involved in the extraction of zinc pyro-metallurgical
by
Mcdonald Juma
Gwanda State University
CHAPTER 3 MINERALS ORES AND METHODES OF SEPARATION.pdf
i. Introduction
ii. Minerals and ores
iii. Sources of metals
iv. Methods of beneficiation of ores and miners
a. Comminution
Size reduction by crushing and grinding
Minerals, ores and methods of beneficiation
Liberation
Laws of crushing and grinding
Sizing
b. Classification and concentration
c. Classification and concentration
d. Magnetic separation
e. Electro- static separation
f. Flotation
Zinc final
This document provides information on the physical and chemical properties of zinc, as well as its various applications and production processes. Some key points:
- Zinc has a melting point of 419.6°C and boiling point of 906°C. It has a crystal structure of HCP and density of 7.14 g/cm3.
- Its main uses include galvanization to prevent corrosion, die casting due to its low melting point, and in producing alloys like brass and bronze.
- Zinc is extracted from zinc ores through mining, crushing, roasting, and pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical processes to produce zinc metal.
- Its alloys have applications in
7 lead extraction
Lead is a soft, dense metal commonly used in batteries, paints, and other products. It is extracted from galena ore through processes like concentration, flotation, roasting, sintering, and smelting to produce molten lead bullion. Further refining removes impurities through processes like drossing and the Parkes process to produce 99-99.999% pure lead, which is then cast into blocks. Byproducts include sulfuric acid, slag, and air pollution, which require proper handling and disposal to prevent environmental contamination.
CHAPTER 5 General methods of refining.pdf
Introduction
Basic approaches to refining
Purification of crude metal produced in bulk
Preparation of pure metals
Ti final
This document provides information on the element titanium. It begins with a brief history of titanium's discovery. It then discusses titanium's physical properties, common ores that contain titanium like rutile and ilmenite, and the extraction processes developed by Kroll and Hunter to produce titanium metal. The document outlines some common titanium alloys produced by adding elements like aluminum and vanadium. Finally, it discusses applications of titanium in various industries like aerospace, medical implants, and automotive due to its high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance.
Solvent Extraction
Solvent extraction, also known as liquid-liquid extraction, is a method used to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. It involves transferring solutes from a feed solution to another immiscible liquid called the extract. Solvent extraction was first developed in analytical chemistry and is now widely used in hydrometallurgy and other industries to separate and extract various metals, rare earth elements, and other compounds. Key aspects of solvent extraction processes include the selection of appropriate organic solvents and diluents, extraction equipment like mixer-settlers or columns, and multi-stage counter-current contacting to efficiently separate solutes.
Gilligan and Nikoloski 2016 Process Chemistry and Mineralogy of Brannerite Le...
Brannerite, a refractory uranium mineral, requires more aggressive leaching conditions than other uranium minerals like uraninite. Laboratory leaching experiments on brannerite were conducted using acid (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid) and alkaline (sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate) solutions. The results showed that acid leaching of brannerite was strongly dependent on temperature and acid concentration, with higher temperatures and acidities yielding higher uranium extractions. Sulfuric acid performed better than hydrochloric acid. Alkaline leaching was slower but effective. Associated gangue minerals like apatite inhibited acid leaching by passivating brannerite surfaces, though this effect was
More Related Content
What's hot
Production, Manufacturing and Extraction of Silver, Gold, Copper, Magnesium,...
Electroplating involves passing an electric current through a solution called an electrolyte. This is done by dipping two terminals called electrodes into the electrolyte and connecting them into a circuit with a battery or other power supply. The electrodes and electrolyte are made from carefully chosen elements or compounds. When the electricity flows through the circuit they make, the electrolyte splits up and some of the metal atoms it contains are deposited in a thin layer on top of one of the electrodes—it becomes electroplated. All kinds of metals can be plated in this way, including gold, silver, tin, zinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, platinum, and lead.
See more
http://goo.gl/tdxhxA
http://goo.gl/MC4MqD
http://goo.gl/DI8u5s
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Application of Zinc Refining Process, Book of Non-Ferrous Metal, Book on Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals with Electroplating Chemicals, Chemical Extraction of Precious Metals, Chemicals are used for the preparation of precious metal plating, Chromium Chemistry, Chromium occurrence, principles of extraction, Chromium uses, Copper extraction and purification, Copper extraction techniques, Copper refining process, Electrolysis of Magnesium Chloride, Electrolysis Production of Magnesium, Electrolytic processes for the extraction of nickel, Electroplating Chemicals & Non Ferrous Metals, Electroplating Chemicals, Essential Guide to Investing in Precious Metals, Extracting Lead Materials from Ore, Extracting precious metals from electronics, Extraction of Copper, Extraction of Lead, Extraction of nickel from its ore, Extraction of nickel from sulphide ore, Extraction of Nonferrous Metals book, Extraction of nonferrous metals, Extraction of Platinum Group Metals, Extraction of precious metals, Extraction of zinc by electrolysis, Extraction of Zinc, Gold Extraction in India, How electroplating works, How is lead processed?, How is nickel extracted?, How lead is made - material, used, processing, product, industry, How Nickel is produced, How to remove precious metals, How to start Non-ferrous Businesses, How to start Precious Metals Businesses, How to start your own Precious Metals Business, Indian Non-Ferrous Metals Industry, Lead Essential Chemical Industry, Lead processing, Lead smelting, producing and classification, Lead uses, Magnesium electrolysis process, Magnesium Essential Chemical Industry, Magnesium Production in India, Method used to extract nickel, Nickel electroplating, Nickel processing, Nickel smelting process, Nickel uses, Nickel, non ferrous extractive metallurgy book, non ferrous metal Business Line, non ferrous metal business, non ferrous metals, Non-ferrous and Precious Metals Businesses, Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals Mining Projects, Nonferrous Metal Processing Business Unit, Non-Ferrous Metal Scrap Business, Non-ferrous metals Aluminium, Non-Ferrous Metals and their Uses,
Flowsheet development in the context of copper extraction
This document discusses flowsheet development for copper extraction. It provides information on various processing methods including smelting, pressure oxidation, bioleaching, heap leaching, solvent extraction, and electrowinning. It also addresses topics like mineralogy, comminution, investor concerns, and cost estimation. The document is a presentation on flowsheet development best practices with a focus on processing chalcocite ore that may contain associated gold.
extraction of magnesium
Magnesium can be extracted through pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical processes. Pyrometallurgical extraction involves high temperature reduction processes like the Pidgeon, Bolzano, and Magnetherm processes. However, these processes have high energy usage. Hydrometallurgical processes like the Dows process use aqueous solutions but require large water usage. Alternative processes under development include the Mintek, SOM, and carbothermic routes which aim to provide more sustainable magnesium production. Overall, new technologies are needed to lower the energy consumption of magnesium extraction from its oxides.
Chemical Looping Combustion
Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is a combustion technology that inherently captures carbon dioxide. It involves circulating an oxygen carrier between two reactors, oxidizing the carrier in one reactor using air and then combusting the fuel with the reduced carrier in the other reactor. This produces a flue gas stream with only CO2 and H2O, avoiding the need for costly separation of CO2. CLC has advantages over other CO2 capture methods like post-combustion capture in that it has no efficiency penalty and near-zero emissions. Research is ongoing to improve oxygen carriers and reactor designs to optimize the efficiency and stability of CLC systems.
Extractive Metallurgy Presentation (Zinc)
The document discusses extractive metallurgy processes for zinc extraction. It describes the major zinc ores and details several pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical extraction processes. The key processes are roasting to produce zinc oxide from zinc sulfide ores, followed by leaching and electrolysis to recover zinc. Approximately 80% of zinc is produced via hydrometallurgical routes like roast-leach-electrowinning.
Extraction 2
1. The document discusses the general principles and processes involved in isolating elements from minerals, including concentration/purification of ores, isolation of metals from concentrated ores, and purification of metals.
2. Key steps in concentration/purification of ores include hand picking, hydraulic washing, electromagnetic separation, and froth flotation. Isolation of metals involves converting ores to metal oxides through roasting or calcination, then reducing metal oxides to metals using thermal or electrolytic processes.
3. Thermal reduction relies on coupling reduction reactions using an appropriate reducing agent based on Gibbs free energy values from Ellingham diagrams, which predict feasibility of reductions at different temperatures. Common extraction methods are also summarized for iron and
Iron
There are three main varieties of iron based on carbon content: cast iron contains 2-5% carbon and is the impure form used to make steel and wrought iron; wrought iron contains 0.12-0.25% carbon and is the purest form used for chains and magnet cores; steel contains 0.1-1.5% carbon and has properties dependent on carbon content, used for many applications. Rusting of iron occurs via an electrochemical process where iron acts as the anode, releasing electrons and ferrous ions while hydrogen ions are reduced to hydrogen gas at cathode sites on the metal surface. The ferrous ions further oxidize to ferric oxide which absorbs moisture from the
CHAPTER 4 General methods of extraction.pdf
i. Introduction
ii. Pyro-metallurgy
Calcinations
Roasting
Smelting
Slags and fluxes
iii. Hydro- Metallurgy
• Advantages of hydro metallurgy
General methods of extraction
• Leaching operations
iv. Electro-metallurgy
Electrolytic decomposition
Structure of solvent media
Molten(fused) salt electrolytes
Electrolysis of aqueous solutions
Role –energy in metal extraction
Metals and metallurgy
The document discusses the principles of metallurgy and metal extraction processes. It defines metals, non-metals and metalloids based on their properties. The processes involved in metal extraction include mining, crushing, concentration, roasting, reduction and refining. Concentration methods separate the metal ore from gangue using techniques like gravity separation, magnetic separation or froth flotation. Reduction converts the metal oxide into pure metal using carbon or aluminothermic processes. Refining further purifies the metal using techniques like liquation, distillation, electrolysis or poling. Overall, the document provides an overview of the key concepts and steps involved in extracting and processing metals from their ores.
CHAPTER 6 Extraction of metals from oxide members.pdf
Introduction
Magnesium extraction
a. Pidgeon process
b. Magnotherm process
Extraction of metals from oxide members
c. Electrolytic process (Dow process )
Aluminum extinction
a. Baye’s process
b. Hall- heraoult process
c. Methods of titrating low grades ores
d. Newer process for Aluminum production
Tantalum extraction
Questions diagram set 1=terkini 1
This document discusses several chemical reactions and concepts:
1) It describes the dehydration of ethanol to produce ethene, and the test to identify ethene using bromine.
2) It discusses the oxidation of ethanol to produce ethanoic acid, including the chemical equation and properties of ethanoic acid.
3) It covers several homologous series including alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and esters.
Extractive metallurgy (Basic Principles)
The document discusses various metallurgical processes including calcination, roasting, and sinter roasting. Calcination involves thermal decomposition or removal of volatiles without melting. Roasting converts metal sulfides to oxides using excess air. It is done in multiple hearth furnaces, flash roasters, or fluidized beds. Sinter roasting simultaneously agglomerates and roasts fine ores to produce porous sinter for blast furnaces.
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide is manufactured through the Kellner-Solvay process and Castner-Kellner cell process. In the Kellner-Solvay process, brine is electrolyzed between a mercury cathode and graphite anode, producing sodium amalgam at the cathode which is later treated with water to produce sodium hydroxide and regenerate the mercury. In the Castner-Kellner cell process, a vessel is divided into compartments where sodium ions are reduced at the mercury cathode to form sodium amalgam, which then reacts with hydroxyl ions in another compartment to form sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide is a white, highly alkaline and water-soluble solid with various industrial and laboratory uses such
Metallurgy
The document discusses the various processes involved in metallurgy, which is the extraction of metals from ores and their purification. There are three main types of metallurgical processes - pyrometallurgy which uses high temperatures, hydrometallurgy which uses aqueous solutions, and electrometallurgy which uses electrolysis. Common steps in metal extraction include mining the ore, crushing and grinding it, concentrating the ore to remove impurities, roasting or calcining it, reducing the metal oxides to the pure metal, and finally refining the metal through processes like liquation, distillation, or electrolysis.
Pyrometallurgy Extraction of zinc presentation
multiple steps involved in the extraction of zinc pyro-metallurgical
by
Mcdonald Juma
Gwanda State University
CHAPTER 3 MINERALS ORES AND METHODES OF SEPARATION.pdf
i. Introduction
ii. Minerals and ores
iii. Sources of metals
iv. Methods of beneficiation of ores and miners
a. Comminution
Size reduction by crushing and grinding
Minerals, ores and methods of beneficiation
Liberation
Laws of crushing and grinding
Sizing
b. Classification and concentration
c. Classification and concentration
d. Magnetic separation
e. Electro- static separation
f. Flotation
Zinc final
This document provides information on the physical and chemical properties of zinc, as well as its various applications and production processes. Some key points:
- Zinc has a melting point of 419.6°C and boiling point of 906°C. It has a crystal structure of HCP and density of 7.14 g/cm3.
- Its main uses include galvanization to prevent corrosion, die casting due to its low melting point, and in producing alloys like brass and bronze.
- Zinc is extracted from zinc ores through mining, crushing, roasting, and pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical processes to produce zinc metal.
- Its alloys have applications in
7 lead extraction
Lead is a soft, dense metal commonly used in batteries, paints, and other products. It is extracted from galena ore through processes like concentration, flotation, roasting, sintering, and smelting to produce molten lead bullion. Further refining removes impurities through processes like drossing and the Parkes process to produce 99-99.999% pure lead, which is then cast into blocks. Byproducts include sulfuric acid, slag, and air pollution, which require proper handling and disposal to prevent environmental contamination.
CHAPTER 5 General methods of refining.pdf
Introduction
Basic approaches to refining
Purification of crude metal produced in bulk
Preparation of pure metals
Ti final
This document provides information on the element titanium. It begins with a brief history of titanium's discovery. It then discusses titanium's physical properties, common ores that contain titanium like rutile and ilmenite, and the extraction processes developed by Kroll and Hunter to produce titanium metal. The document outlines some common titanium alloys produced by adding elements like aluminum and vanadium. Finally, it discusses applications of titanium in various industries like aerospace, medical implants, and automotive due to its high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance.
What's hot (20)
Production, Manufacturing and Extraction of Silver, Gold, Copper, Magnesium,...
Production, Manufacturing and Extraction of Silver, Gold, Copper, Magnesium,...
Flowsheet development in the context of copper extraction
Flowsheet development in the context of copper extraction
CHAPTER 6 Extraction of metals from oxide members.pdf
CHAPTER 6 Extraction of metals from oxide members.pdf
CHAPTER 3 MINERALS ORES AND METHODES OF SEPARATION.pdf
CHAPTER 3 MINERALS ORES AND METHODES OF SEPARATION.pdf
Viewers also liked
Solvent Extraction
Solvent extraction, also known as liquid-liquid extraction, is a method used to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. It involves transferring solutes from a feed solution to another immiscible liquid called the extract. Solvent extraction was first developed in analytical chemistry and is now widely used in hydrometallurgy and other industries to separate and extract various metals, rare earth elements, and other compounds. Key aspects of solvent extraction processes include the selection of appropriate organic solvents and diluents, extraction equipment like mixer-settlers or columns, and multi-stage counter-current contacting to efficiently separate solutes.
Gilligan and Nikoloski 2016 Process Chemistry and Mineralogy of Brannerite Le...
Brannerite, a refractory uranium mineral, requires more aggressive leaching conditions than other uranium minerals like uraninite. Laboratory leaching experiments on brannerite were conducted using acid (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid) and alkaline (sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate) solutions. The results showed that acid leaching of brannerite was strongly dependent on temperature and acid concentration, with higher temperatures and acidities yielding higher uranium extractions. Sulfuric acid performed better than hydrochloric acid. Alkaline leaching was slower but effective. Associated gangue minerals like apatite inhibited acid leaching by passivating brannerite surfaces, though this effect was
Nano ceramic
The document describes a series of new nano-ceramic coating products made from synthetic nano-ceramic materials and rare earth elements. The coatings have several beneficial properties including being environmentally friendly, non-toxic, fire resistant, durable, and acid/base tolerant. The coatings can be used for waterproofing, chemical resistance, and self-cleaning of cement and other inorganic materials. The document provides details on the different product lines including transparent wall coatings, colored wall coatings, floor hardeners, colored floor coatings, imitation stone coatings, and special cement products. It also gives examples of construction methods and application areas for each product type.
Mari Lundström/ Hydrometallurgy and Corrosion
METYK -metallialan ympäristö- ja kiertotalous
METYK IV -seminaari 28.2.2017
Injection metallurgy and lf
Injection metallurgy and ladle furnaces are used to refine molten steel. In injection metallurgy, desulfurizing reagents are injected into the ladle through a lance using argon gas as a carrier, which helps remove sulfur. Ladle furnaces are used to reheat, stir, and refine steel in a ladle. They allow for desulfurization, alloy additions, and inclusion removal. Both processes make use of slag and can reduce sulfur levels to 0.0002%, improving steel properties.
Bauxite Residue – Red Mud
The document summarizes the results of an industrial scale pilot plant that tested the ENEXAL Bauxite Residue treatment process. The process treats bauxite residue from the Bayer process through smelting in an AC electric arc furnace to produce pig iron and a slag suitable for mineral wool production. Testing over one year at a pilot plant treating 25 tons of residue showed that pig iron was produced within specifications and mineral wool was produced with good quality properties. While successful as a proof of concept, further optimization is needed to improve energy efficiency and make the process profitable at larger commercial scales.
Pollution in the Steel Industry
Pollution in the Indian Steel Industry takes place because of the poor quality of raw materials used.
Red Mud Concrete
This document presents a summary of a student's project on using red mud concrete. The student investigated replacing Portland cement with red mud, a waste product from aluminum production, in concrete. The document outlines that 1-2.5 tons of red mud is created for every ton of alumina produced. Concrete cubes were cast using different percentages of red mud replacement and tested after 28 days, with compressive and tensile strength decreasing as red mud content increased. The conclusion is that red mud concrete is suitable for ornamental works where aesthetics are important.
Mining (1)
The document discusses various topics related to metallurgy and mining, including:
- A brief history of mining from the Stone Age to the Iron Age.
- Different types of mining such as surface mining (open-pit, strip, quarry, alluvial), underground mining (longwall, room and pillar, etc.), and ocean mining.
- Activities that take place before mining such as traditional prospecting using mules and modern prospecting using trained specialists and sophisticated equipment.
- Various materials recovered through mining like metals, coal, salt, diamonds and the figures showing examples.
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
The document discusses various concepts related to liquid chromatography including:
1. Distribution ratio and separation factor which are important parameters in liquid-liquid extraction.
2. Different types of chromatography techniques like normal phase, reverse phase, adsorption, ion-exchange, size exclusion chromatography.
3. Key aspects of liquid chromatography instrumentation like the pump, injector, column, detectors, and data system. Common detectors discussed are UV-Vis, fluorescence, conductivity etc.
Sponge Iron Industry
This document summarizes a summer internship project on pollution from coal-based DRI plants. It provides background on DRI production, noting it is a method to produce solid iron from iron oxide without coking coal. DRI production in India has increased significantly in recent years. The document outlines the DRI process and inputs/outputs, identifying particulate matter, SO2, NOx, and CO as main pollutants. It discusses regulatory air pollution standards and water usage at DRI plants. In summary, it analyzes pollution sources from coal-based DRI production and the impact on the surrounding environment.
LADLE FURNACE AND SECONDARY METALLURGY TRAINING PREPARED BY CVS MAKINA
1. The ladle refining furnace (LF) allows for easier secondary metallurgy operations, optimal homogenization, accurate analyses for the continuous casting machine, and improved castability.
2. Key factors for the LF include proper desulfurization, homogenization through porous plugs, maintaining accurate analyses, and achieving cleaner steel through temperature changes and calibrated stirring.
3. Using the LF increases productivity of the overall line from electric arc furnace to continuous caster by reducing refining times and costs in the EAF while providing flexibility through buffering between processes.
Ceramics Matrix Composite
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). CMCs consist of a ceramic matrix with reinforcements. They offer advantages over monolithic ceramics like higher toughness, strength, and fatigue resistance. Some key applications of CMCs mentioned are in cutting tools, aerospace components, jet engines, burners, and turbine blades, as they can withstand high temperatures and offer corrosion resistance. The document discusses properties, advantages, disadvantages and applications of CMCs.
Leaching process (solid-liquid extraction)
This document defines and provides examples of the leaching process. Leaching involves extracting a substance from a solid material by contact with a liquid. A simple example given is making green tea, where steeping a green tea bag in hot water extracts the green flavor from the solid bag into the liquid water. The principle of leaching is that it can be done in batches, semi-batches, or continuously at an elevated temperature to increase solubility. Common uses of leaching include extracting minerals from ores in the metals industry, sugar from beets in the sugar industry, and oil from seeds in the oilseeds industry.
Welding metallurgy part i
This document discusses welding metallurgy and basic metallurgical concepts relevant to welding. It covers topics like crystalline structures of metals, phase transformations, alloying effects, microstructures like ferrite, pearlite, and martensite, and the influence of cooling rate on microstructure. It also discusses the heat affected zone and issues that can arise from changes in composition and cooling rate near the weld interface.
Leaching
The document discusses various methods of leaching, which is the process of extracting soluble constituents from a solid material using a liquid solvent. It describes several common leaching techniques used in industries like food processing, pharmaceuticals, and metals extraction. These include counter-current leaching systems that improve extraction efficiency, as well as equipment used for leaching like agitated vessels, thickeners, extractors, and the Kennedy and Bollman extractors.
Powder metallurgy
Powder metallurgy is a process that involves producing metal powders and compacting and sintering them to form finished parts. It allows for complex alloy compositions and near-net shape manufacturing, avoiding costly machining. The key steps are powder production, blending/mixing, compaction into a green compact, sintering to bond particles, and optional finishing. It offers advantages over casting and machining for net shape precision parts in large volumes.
Minerals and Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Ore Dressing, Mineral...
Minerals and Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Ore Dressing, Minerals Engineering (Mining, Non – Ferrous Metals, Iron Ore Slimes, Limes, Limestone, Asbestos, Coal Beneficiation, Coal and Ore Fines, Ordinary Superphosphate, Ammonium Salts, Fertilizers)
Mineral is defined as a naturally occurring solid chemical substance formed through biogeochemical processes, having characteristic chemical composition, highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties. By comparison, a rock is an aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids and does not have a specific chemical composition.
See more
http://goo.gl/grSq9U
http://goo.gl/AIjkcu
http://goo.gl/H7QGBA
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Ammonium Salts, Business guidance for Mineral Production, Business guidance to clients, Business of Mining, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business Plan small scale mining project, Business start-up, Chemistry and physics of Asbestos, Chemistry of nitrogen and its inorganic compounds, Coal and Ore Fines, Coal Beneficiation, Extractive Metallurgy, Fertilizers, Great Opportunity for Startup, Growing a mineral processing business, How to start a Mineral manufacturing business, How to Start a Mineral processing industry?, How to Start a Mineral Production Business, How to start a mining business, How to start a successful Mineral processing business, How to start mineral grinding industry in India, How to Start Mineral Processing Industry in India, Introduction to Mineral Processing, Limes manufacturing, Limestone exploration and extraction, Limestone Processing, Manufacture of Ammonium Bicarbonate, Manufacture of ordinary superphosphate, Metals and Minerals Production in India, Metals, Minerals & Mining Industry, Mineral Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Mineral industry, Mineral mining business plan, Mineral processing, Mineral Processing & mining Based Profitable Projects, Mineral processing book, Mineral processing Business, Mineral Processing Industry in India, Mineral processing metallurgy, Mineral processing plants, Mineral Processing Projects, Mineral processing Small Business, Mineral processing technology, Mineral Production, Mineral production for mining sector, Minerals and Mineral Processing, Minerals Engineering, Mining & mineral processing industry, Mining and Mineral Processing, Mining processing, Mining Sector Investment and Business, Mining, Mineral Processing & Metals Industry, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Mineral Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Mineral processing industry, Non – Ferrous Metals Production, Ordinary Superphosphate, Ore Dressing, Processing of Iron Ore Slimes, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Mineral processing, Setting up and opening your Mineral processing Business, Setting up of Mineral Processing Units, Small Business ideas in the Mining Industry
Ceramic matrix composite
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) consist of ceramic fibers embedded in a ceramic matrix to form a ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic material. They improve the strength and toughness of brittle ceramics. CMCs can be reinforced with either short or continuous fibers. Continuous fiber CMCs provide the best strengthening effect and produce stronger bonding between the fiber and matrix, improving toughness. They exhibit high mechanical strength even at high temperatures, high thermal shock resistance, stiffness, toughness, and thermal and corrosion resistance. CMCs are commonly fabricated using infiltration methods to introduce a ceramic matrix into a fiber preform.
Viewers also liked (20)
Gilligan and Nikoloski 2016 Process Chemistry and Mineralogy of Brannerite Le...
Gilligan and Nikoloski 2016 Process Chemistry and Mineralogy of Brannerite Le...
LADLE FURNACE AND SECONDARY METALLURGY TRAINING PREPARED BY CVS MAKINA
LADLE FURNACE AND SECONDARY METALLURGY TRAINING PREPARED BY CVS MAKINA
Minerals and Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Ore Dressing, Mineral...
Minerals and Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Ore Dressing, Mineral...
Similar to Use of hydrometallurgy in metal recovery from mine wastes
ONSHORE PROCESSING OF NODULES. A REVIEW OF METALLURGICAL FLOWSHEETS AND ACTI...
On Shore Processing of Polymetallic Nodules
The document discusses several metallurgical flowsheet options being considered for processing polymetallic nodules recovered from the seafloor on shore. These include pyrometallurgical/hydrometallurgical processes involving smelting and acid leaching proposed by The Metals Company, reductive acid leaching using SO2/H2SO4 proposed by GSR, and the Cuprion process involving reductive ammonia leaching developed by Kennecott Copper Corp. Testwork results on nodule samples indicate high recoveries of copper, cobalt, nickel, and manganese are possible using these flowsheets. Future plans involve designing, constructing, and operating integrated
Nickel_Processes.ppt
The document provides information on nickel/cobalt laterite processes including mineralogy, typical ore compositions, process routes, and examples of operating plants. It describes the key steps in pyrometallurgical processes including ore preparation, drying, calcination/reduction, smelting to produce ferronickel or matte, and refining. The pressure acid leach and reduction roast-ammonia leach hydrometallurgical processes are also briefly covered. Process flowsheets for INCO's nickel operations in Indonesia illustrate ore drying, reduction kilning, electric furnace smelting, and matte converting steps.
Environmental Impacts of Metallurgical Engineering(1) (1).pdf
Metallurgical engineering can negatively impact the environment through various processes involved in mining, smelting, and metal production. Mining and smelting operations generate large amounts of waste rock and tailings and release captured carbon and sulfur from metal ores. This can degrade soils and contaminate the environment with trace metals. Gas emissions from smelting also contribute to greenhouse gases and air pollution. Overall, the nondegradable metals produced through these industrial processes accumulate in the environment and can have negative health effects if not properly managed through recycling and waste containment.
Concentration of coal
This presentation discusses cleaning coal using an air cyclone. It was presented by three students under the guidance of S.R. Yadav. The objectives are to study coal characteristics and preparation methods, and to reduce ash content in coal using an air cyclone. The document describes the history of coal use, types and composition of coal, common impurities, and conventional preparation methods. It outlines the materials and experimental procedure used to test the air cyclone, including variables changed and data collection. Results are displayed in graphs and conclusions are made about optimal settings for maximum coal recovery. The work was conducted at PVPIT laboratories with an approximate budget of Rs. 45,000.
Concentration of coal
This presentation discusses cleaning coal using an air cyclone. It was presented by three students under the guidance of S.R. Yadav. The objectives are to study coal characteristics and preparation methods, and to reduce ash content in coal using an air cyclone. The document describes the history of coal use, types and composition of coal, common impurities, and conventional preparation methods. It outlines the materials and experimental procedure used to test the air cyclone, including variables changed and data collection. Results are displayed in graphs and conclusions are made about optimal settings for maximum coal recovery. The work was conducted in laboratories at P.V.P.I.T. with an approximate expenditure of Rs. 45,000.
Copper
The document discusses mineral processing of copper in Malaysia. It begins by providing background on copper mining in Sabah, Malaysia, including the first copper mine at Mamut which operated from 1975 to 1999. It then describes the general 8-step process for producing copper metal from ore, including grinding, concentrating, roasting, smelting, conversion, and electrorefining. Key chemical reactions involved in extracting and purifying copper are also outlined. While the copper mining industry provides significant financial benefits, it can also cause environmental problems like acid rock drainage and pollution. In conclusion, the author supports the industry but believes environmental issues must be properly managed.
Synopsis for Recovery of precious metals from electronic scrap
Development of non-hazardous process for leaching of metals from electronic scrap and their characterization. Basics of leaching and processes you need to know before choosing process. Merits and demerits of different leaching process.
Nickel and its extraction
1). The document summarizes information about nickel, including its extraction from ores, properties, advantages, disadvantages, and classifications of nickel alloys. Nickel is extracted via pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical processes depending on the ore. 2). Important nickel alloys include nickel-copper alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, and nickel-base superalloys used in applications requiring high heat resistance. 3). Nickel has properties like corrosion resistance and is used to make alloys for applications across many industries.
Lead Extraction
This document discusses the extractive metallurgy process for lead. It describes lead properties, history of lead use, health effects, lead ores and locations, ore dressing, size reduction, roasting, smelting, refining including the Parkes and Betts processes, and lead products and byproducts. The overall process involves extracting lead from its ore, reducing and refining it to remove impurities and produce a high purity lead product.
Acid mine drainage occurrence and its remediation
provide knowledge to environmental, geology, mining and mineral processing students on the occurrence of Acid Mine drainage and remediation.
training report
This document summarizes the present status of non-ferrous metal industries in India, with a focus on copper, lead and zinc production. It provides an overview of the manufacturing processes for primary copper, lead and zinc, describing the input materials and outputs in terms of air emissions, process wastes, and other wastes. The key environmental concerns from these industries are mining tailings, fugitive dust emissions, and liquid effluents containing heavy metals. Standards are proposed to limit particulate matter and fluoride emissions from aluminum production facilities.
Non-Ferrous Metal Industries: Present Status and proposed standards
The document summarizes the present status of non-ferrous metal industries in India, with a focus on copper, lead and zinc production. It provides an overview of the manufacturing processes for primary copper, lead and zinc, describing the key process steps and associated environmental impacts, such as air emissions and waste generation. Standards for emissions and effluent discharges from non-ferrous metal industries are proposed, with more stringent limits for new plants. Ambient air quality monitoring near non-ferrous metal plants is also discussed.
sources and extraction of materials
The document discusses the extraction of three important metals - iron, aluminum, and copper. It describes how these metals are commonly found as ores and the multi-step processes required to extract the pure metals. Iron is extracted from its ore, hematite, using a blast furnace. Aluminum is extracted via electrolysis of aluminum oxide in molten cryolite. Copper is extracted through concentration, roasting, smelting and refining processes including bessemerization to produce blister copper from chalcopyrite ore.
R 20040100 Si2N2O REFRACTORIES
1) Researchers successfully produced SiAlON ceramics from industrial wastes like silicon sludge and aluminum dross using a nitriding combustion process.
2) The nitriding combustion process allows synthesis of ceramic powders in an energy efficient way while recycling wastes.
3) Specifically, the process was used to synthesize SiAlON powders from silicon sludge generated in silicon wafer production and from aluminum dross from aluminum smelting. Desert sand was also used to synthesize silicon oxynitride powder.
introduction to metallurgy for chemist
It is a chemistry related presentation on metallurgy process and their extraction procedure with diagrams. it will be useful to all school students and under graduate level students
General principles and processes of isolation of elements
The document discusses various principles and processes involved in the isolation of elements from their ores. It describes how ores are concentrated to remove gangue, then converted to oxides which are reduced to extract the pure metals. Specific processes are outlined for extracting important metals like iron, aluminium, and copper using techniques like calcination, roasting, electrolytic refining, and zone refining. Blast furnaces and Hall-Heroult cells are also summarized.
Alternative Iron making processess
This document discusses alternative iron making processes that are more relevant for India given concerns over resource depletion, rising energy demands, and environmental regulations. It describes several emerging smelting reduction technologies including COREX, FINEX, and Hismelt that allow for more flexible use of raw materials like iron ore fines and non-coking coal. These processes aim to eliminate sintering and coke-making while producing high quality iron. COREX and FINEX have been implemented commercially while Hismelt offers potential cost savings over blast furnaces and lower environmental impact. Overall, alternative technologies are needed to sustainably meet India's growing steel demand given restrictions on raw material quality and availability.
Copper and copper alloys
This document discusses copper and copper alloys, including their properties, extraction, production, uses, and applications. It covers the physical properties of copper, its major ores, and worldwide production levels. Extraction techniques for copper from sulfide and oxide ores are described, involving processes like froth flotation, roasting, smelting, and electrolytic refining. Key copper alloys like brasses, bronzes, cupronickels, and nickel silvers are classified and their phase diagrams discussed. Major applications of copper and its alloys span building construction, pressure vessels, marine uses, and more.
Presentation final 2.0
- The group will produce 2 million tonnes of stainless steel slabs per year from raw materials including iron ore, scrap steel, and ferroalloys.
- The process involves direct reduction of iron ore to DRI using natural gas, melting in an electric arc furnace, refining and alloying in an argon oxygen decarburizer, and continuous casting into slabs.
- The plant is designed to meet product specifications of maximum 0.08% carbon and 18% chromium, and will incorporate emissions controls and produce some syngas from process off-gases.
ppt-module-1-extraction-of-elements.doc
This document discusses various methods used to extract metals from their ores, including concentration, roasting/calcination, reduction, and refining. It describes several concentration methods like magnetic separation, hydraulic washing, and froth floatation to separate ores from gangue. Leaching is also discussed as a chemical separation process used to extract metals like aluminum, gold, silver, and low-grade copper ores. Overall, the document provides an overview of key terms and processes involved in the metallurgy of extracting pure metals from raw mineral ores.
Similar to Use of hydrometallurgy in metal recovery from mine wastes (20)
ONSHORE PROCESSING OF NODULES. A REVIEW OF METALLURGICAL FLOWSHEETS AND ACTI...
ONSHORE PROCESSING OF NODULES. A REVIEW OF METALLURGICAL FLOWSHEETS AND ACTI...
Environmental Impacts of Metallurgical Engineering(1) (1).pdf
Environmental Impacts of Metallurgical Engineering(1) (1).pdf
Synopsis for Recovery of precious metals from electronic scrap
Synopsis for Recovery of precious metals from electronic scrap
Non-Ferrous Metal Industries: Present Status and proposed standards
Non-Ferrous Metal Industries: Present Status and proposed standards
General principles and processes of isolation of elements
General principles and processes of isolation of elements
Recently uploaded
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Modelagem de um CSTR com reação endotermica.pdf
Modelagem em função de transferencia. CSTR não-linear.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Recently uploaded (20)
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
2. Operations Strategy in a Global Environment.ppt
2. Operations Strategy in a Global Environment.ppt
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx
Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Use of hydrometallurgy in metal recovery from mine wastes
- 1. USE OF HYDROMETALLURGY IN METAL RECOVERY FROM MINE WASTES BY : ALI MEHRI SUPERVISOR : DR. KARIMI 1
- 2. CONTENT Introduction Types of mine waste Classification of minerals wastes Mine waste leaching References 2
- 3. Aspects : 1. Economical 2. Environmental 3 THE IMPORTANCE OF RECOVERING WASTE[1]
- 4. Creates jobs Growth of an industry Utilize smaller solid waste dumpsters Converting waste materials into new products Reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials 4 ECONOMICAL ASPECTS
- 5. Resource conservation Reduce energy usage Air pollution, including reductions in greenhouse gas generation Reduce water pollution (from land filling) 5 ENVIRONMENTALASPECTS[2]
- 6. 6 MINERAL EXTRACTION: FROM MINING TO METAL[3] Mining Mineral processing (beneficiation) Metallurgical extraction Mineral concentrate Metal Waste rock Tailings Slags
- 7. 7 COMPARISON OF WASTE AND PRODUCT[11]
- 8. Cut – off grade ores Tailings from mineral products Residues 8 TYPES OF MINE WASTE[4][5]
- 9. 9 CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS WASTES[4]
- 10. 10 WASTE CUT OFF GRADES[6]
- 11. “Acid mine drainage” refers to a particular process whereby low pH mine water is formed from the oxidation of sulphide minerals AMD is particularly prevalent in both metallic mineral and coal mines. 11 WHAT IS AMD[3]
- 12. 12 PROCESS[7]
- 14. General equations for this process are: 2FeS2 + 7O2+ 2H2O → 2Fe2+ + 4SO4 2- + 4H+ 4Fe2+ + O2 + 4H+ 4Fe3+ + 2H2O 4Fe3+ + 12H2O 4Fe(OH)3 + 12H+ FeS2 + 14Fe3+ + 8H2O → 15Fe2++ 2SO4 2- + 16H+ 14 WHAT IS AMD[8]
- 15. Aluminum 1. Gibbsite 2. Bohmite 3. Diaspore 15 MINE WASTE LEACHING[9]
- 16. RED MUD 16
- 17. 50 % of bauxite is red-mud:- a waste-product from the Bayers Process: Fe2O3: 70 wt. pct. (35-38% metal value) Al2O3: 10 wt. pct. TiO2: 7.0 wt. pct. CaO: 7.5 wt. pct 17 RED MUD[10]
- 18. 18 RED MUD RECOVERY Product Note 1) Pyro only Pig iron, Ti-rich slag (REE)/ Metallic iron ① smelting : Iron oxide Reduction in blast furnace or similar reacto ② solid state reduction Disadvantage • High Na contents in Red Mud: sodium oxide deposition -. • High drying cost of red mud 2) Pyro + Hydro Pig iron, REE (from REE slag) • Pig iron by reluctant, Concentration of REE in slag • Recovery of Concentrated REE by hydro method • High sodium contents and Waste water problem 3) Hydro only REE • Selective leaching of REE (Fe2O3 is not leached, Using HNO3, Y • 96%, Sc 80%, light lanthanides 30-50%) Selective precipitation and Solvent Extraction
- 20. 20 RECOVERY OF TITANIUM OXIDE[10]
- 21. Sintering Al2O3 + Na2CO3 = 2NaAlO2 + CO2(g) Temperature of operation : 850-1100oC Time : 2 hours Leaching NaAlO2(s) = NaAlO2(aq) Temperature of operation : 25-100 oC Time : 5-30 minutes, Red Mud to water : 2-50 gpl 21 SINTERING AND LEACHING OF ALUMINA[10]
- 22. Copper 1. Sandy ore (granular) 2. Slimy ore (composed of very fine particles that are difficult to settle) 3. Molybdenite 4. Rhenium 5. Cobalt 22 MINE WASTE LEACHING[9]
- 23. 23 SANDY ORE[9]
- 24. SLIMY ORE[9] • Using sponge iron • Using hydrogen sulfide 24
- 26. 26 COBALT[9]
- 27. Platinum 1. Native platinum ores 2. Gold ores 3. Nonferrous metals sulfide ores 27 MINE WASTE LEACHING[9] PtC14 + 2NH4Cl →(NH4)2[PtCl6] PdC12 + 4NH3 →[Pd(NH3)4]C12 [Pd(NH3)4]C12 + 2HCI → [Pd(NH3)2]C12 + 2NH4C1
- 28. 1. Mattias Bäckström. 2007-2013. Compendium of mining and processing waste management technologies 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling 3. Mark Muller. 2009. Mine wastes. Pages 3-7 4. CJ Mitchell, DJ Harrison, Dr. HL Robinson, Dr N Ghazireh.2004. minerals from waste. Pages 1-2 5. Pranjit Sharmah. 2013. dumping of mining waste. Pages 5-7 6. S.Najmedin Almasi, Amir Khademian, Reza Yarahmadi. 2015. Determination of Leaching Cutoff Grade Using. Page 1279 28 REFERENCES
- 29. 7. Mark Muller. 2009. Environmental and Social Concerns. Pages 3- 4 8. V.GOUTHAM. 2011. Treatment methods of acid mine drainage and a case study on selective recovery of metals. Page 3 9. Fathi Habashi. 1999. Hydrometallurgy. Pages 242-252 & 229-233 10. Brajendra Mishra. 2015. Bauxite Residue Valorisation and Best Practices. Pages 3-28 11. https://www.ausimmbulletin.com/feature/towards-zero-waste/ 29 REFERENCES
Editor's Notes
- Landfilling = دفن : by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal Incineration = تبدیل بخاکستر کردن Conventional = مرسوم Emissions = تولید گازهای گلخانه ای Conservation = حفاظت
- Whereby = به موجب آن Impacts = اثرات Prevalent = شایع
- Precipitated = رسوب
- wt. pct=weight percent
- Gpl=
- در بعضی مواقع کانی های سولفیدی به وسیله ی لایه ای از کانی های اکسیده پوشیده شده اند، بنابراین مانع از جدایش آن به روش فلوتاسیون می شوند.در این حالت اگر کانه دانه ای باشد، به یک شکل و اگر شامل مواد بسیار ریز باشد به شکلی دیگر بازیابی می شوند.