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fire escaping systems by vinay
This document discusses fire escape systems and methods of escaping fires. It covers various fire escape designs like pressurized staircases, escape chutes, hanging rope fire escapes, and external fire escaping stairs. It also addresses economic impacts of fires, calculating evacuation times, travel distances, exit widths, and minimum number of exits based on building construction type and occupancy. The document provides details on different vertical and inclined chute designs and residential escape chutes. Overall, it outlines considerations for effective fire escape routes and methods to safely evacuate buildings during fires.
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fire escaping systems by vinay
- 1. Fire Escaping Systems By: Vinay.M 08011BB032 Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Planning and Architecture, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad.
- 2. Fire escape: • a special kind of emergency exit. • provides a method of escape • often found on multiple- story residential buildings • they have fallen out of common use
- 3. Contents… • Why…? • How to escape…? • Methods to escape fire …? • Designs aspects…?
- 4. Economic Aspects OfFire: Losses & Expenditure… • suppression • lives • prevention • Property • protection • Use • insurance • by Injury • research & development
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- 6. ESCAPE ROUTES: • Theremust be at least one escape route from a. the main entrance door of every flat or maisonette b. the door of every communal room c. from every plant room. • An escape route must lead to a place of safety a. directly b. by way of a protected zone c. by way of an access deck or access balcony
- 7. In case ofunder ground fire • Egress windows… • Windows Below Ground Level: a)Sill height of window above floor: Not to exceed 44” b)Minimum opening area: 5.7 sq. ft. c)Minimum opening height 24” d)Minimum opening width: 20”
- 9. HOW To ESCAPETHE FIRE…
- 10. • Escaping withelevators. • Escaping through staircases. • Rescuing people by firemen and rescue services. • Rescuing with a telescopic ladder. • Rescuing people through the windows. • Emergency escaping with the 'rescue hose'
- 11. four distinct Stages: •Stage 1 – escape from the room or area of fire origin. • Stage 2 – escape from the compartment of origin via the circulation route to a protected stairway or an adjoining compartment offering refuge. • Stage 3 – escape from the floor of origin to the ground level. • Stage 4 – escape at ground level away from . •
- 12. Means of escapefrom fire… • Time of evacuation • Travel distances • Number of Occupants • Calculation of Exit Widths • Calculation of Minimum Number of Exits
- 14. Time of evacuation: •Class ‘A’ construction – 3 minutes • Class ‘B’ construction – 2.5 minutes • Class ‘C’ construction – 2 minutes
- 15. Number of Occupants • Number of Occupants • Density Factor • Persons who may use the building • Calculating the Number of Occupants
- 16. Travel Distance: Places ofRelative Safety • A storey exit into a protected stairway or to the lobby of a lobby approach stairway; • A door in a compartment wall or separating wall leading to an alternative exit; • A door which leads directly to a protected stair or a final exit via a protected corridor.
- 17. Calculation of ExitWidths • U = N / (40 x T) Where: - U = number of units required; N = number of occupants; 40 = standard rate of flow – constant; T = Flow time (i.e. 3 mins for Class ‘A’, 2.5 mins for Class ‘B’ and 2 mins for Class ‘C’)
- 18. Calculation of Minimum Number of Exits • E=U/4+1 E = number of exits U = number of units of exit width (from exit width formula); 4 = size of largest exit permitted. 1 added to ensure there would always be at least one unit.
- 19. Methods & Designspracticed for escaping fire…
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- 21. functioning a) A SupplyAir System designed to blow into the protected spaces a sufficient quantity of air to maintain the required pressure level or air velocity. This will always be fan powered. b) An Exhaust Air System to enable the pressurising air to escape from the unpressurised areas of the building via the fire floor. This can be either a natural or fan powered method.
- 22. Escape chute system: • Vertical escaping chute • Inclined chute • Single entry chute • Multiple entry chute • Residential chute
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- 24. Inclined chute • preferto slide to safety, rather than escape vertically.
- 25. Single entry chute & multiple entry chute
- 26. Residential chute • Weighing13kgs / 28lbs the frame can be carried from one room to another, or from one balcony to another on the same level.
- 27. Hanging rope fireescape:
- 28. Fire escaping stairs A fire escaping stair is a special kind of emergency exit, usually mounted to the outside of a building or occasionally inside but separate from the main areas of the building.
- 29. Escaping stairs.. • Drop ladder
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