This document provides an overview of fire safety guidance and best practices according to BS 9999. It discusses performing fire risk assessments that consider factors like occupancy profile, fire growth rate, and risk profiles to determine the appropriate fire safety measures. These may include means of escape facilities, building structure considerations, management strategies, and the use of sprinklers or smoke control systems. Travel distances, compartmentation, and facilities for firefighters are also addressed. Case studies demonstrate how fire engineering can be used to optimize designs while maintaining life safety.

1. Development of New Fire Safety Guidance BS 9999 Business Innovation Centre Ten Pound Walk Doncaster South Yorkshire DN4 5HX Tel: +44 (0) 1302 554910 Fax: +44 (0) 1302 554909

2. Fire Engineering Prescriptive approach to fire safety (AD-B) Combination of prescriptive and performance based Performance based solution

5. Fire Engineering Objectives Evaluate specific passive fire protection systems Assessment of risks and hazards Occupancy profile Consideration of building type Management strategy Post fire investigation Specify the correct active fire protection system

7. Occupancy Profile Serviced flats, halls of residence, sleeping, areas and boarding schools Long term managed occupancy Cii Individual flats without 24hr maintenance control on site Long term individual occupancy Ci Occupants who are likely to be asleep Ciii Hotels Short term occupancy C Shops, exhibitions, leisure centres and other assembly buildings Occupants who are awake and unfamiliar with the building B Office and Industrial buildings Occupants who are awake and familiar with the building A Examples Description Occupancy Characteristics

8. Fire Growth Rate 0.047 Baled thermoplastic chip, stacked plastic products Fast 3 0.188 Flammable liquids, foam Ultra Fast 4 0.012 Stacked cardboard boxes, wooden pallets Medium 2 0.0029 Banking Hall, limited combustible materials Slow 1 Fire Growth Rate Parameter kJ/m 3 Examples Fire Growth Rate Category

9. Risk Profiles Ultra Fast Fast Medium Slow Ultra Fast Fast Medium Slow Ultra Fast Fast Medium Slow B3 3 B2 2 B1 1 C B A A2 2 A3 3 A1 1 C4 4 C3 3 C2 2 C1 1 Occupants who are likely to be asleep B4 4 Occupants who are awake and unfamiliar with the building A4 4 A Occupants who are awake and familiar with the building Risk Profile Fire Growth rate Occupancy Characteristics

10. Common Examples Risk Profiles Bedrooms/ study bedroom Amusement Arcade Club Factory Production Area Exhibition Area Shopping Mall Classroom Business Centre Office Assembly Hall Cii2 B2 B2 A2/A3 B2/B3 B2 A2 B2 A2 B2 Dinning Room Meeting Room Kitchen Plant Room Office (closed plan) Shop Sales Area Storage & Warehouse Theatre Workshop Leisure Centre B1 B2 A3 A4 B2 B3 A4 B2 A3 B2

13. BS 9999 – Travel Distances Additional 7 14 Ciii3 Achievable travel distances when minimum fire protection measures are installed 9 18 Cii2 13 27 Ci1 Not Allowed Not Allowed B4 Travel Distances 16 40 B3 20 50 B2 24 60 B1 14 30 A4 18 45 A3 22 55 A2 26 65 A1 One – way travel Two – way travel Risk Profile 9 18 30 90 13 27 18 37 20 60 24 75 28 90 18 45 22 60 24 75

18. Building with a height of 11m but less than 18m Building with 2 or more basements with a floor area >900m 2 Shop, factory or assembly Building greater than 7.5m with a floor area >900m 2 Buildings greater than 18m in height Basement storey exceeds 10m in depth Escape Stair Unvented fire fighting lobby provided with a fire main Fire fighting Stair Fire fighting lobbies with Fire Main Fire fighting Lift Fire Service Access Level

21. Comparison of Outputs (No Sprinklers) NP – Not permitted without sprinklers 300 300 240 180 105 60 Manufact. (high) 150 120 90 75 30 30 Manufact. (low) 240 180 120 90 45 30 Assembly (high) 180 135 105 75 45 30 Assembly (med) 105 90 75 60 30 30 Assembly (low) 180 135 105 75 45 30 Retail 150 120 90 60 30 30 Office 105 90 75 60 45 30 Hotel 120 120 90 75 60 30 Hospital 151 135 120 105 90 60 Dwelling >60 30-60 18-30 11-18 5-11 0-5 Occupancy (NP) (NP) (120) (90) (90) (60) (NP) (NP) (120) (90) (90) (60) (NP) (NP) (90) (60) (60) (60) (NP) (NP) (90) (60) (60) (60) (NP) (NP) (90) (60) (60) (60) (NP) (NP) (90) (60) (60) (60) (NP) (NP) (90) (60) (60) (30) (120) (120) (90) (60) (60) (30) (120) (120) (90) (60) (60) (30) (NP) (NP) (90) (60) (60) (30)

22. BS 9999: Table 26 105 90 75 60 45 30 Cii2 or Ciii2 60 60 45 30 30 30 Cii1 or Ciii1 — — 120 105 90 60 Ci2 105 90 75 75 60 45 Ci1 — — — — — — B4 180 135 105 75 45 30 B3 120 90 75 60 30 30 B2 75 60 60 30 30 30 B1 — — — — — — A4 300 300 120 90 60 60 A3 150 120 90 60 30 30 A2 90 75 60 30 30 15 A1 More than 60 m Not more than 60 m Not more than 30 m Not more than 18 m Not more than 11 m Not more than 5 m Height of top occupied storey above access level Minimum periods of fire resistance, in minutes Risk profile 60 30 30 B2 30 30 30 B1 — — — A4 90 60 60 A3 60 30 30 A2 30 30 15 A1 Not more than 18 m Not more than 11 m Not more than 5 m Height of top occupied storey above access level (m) Minimum periods of fire resistance (min) Risk profile

24. Sprinklers

25. Residential Sprinklers Misconception I have seen sprinklers in factories and they are ugly ? Sprinklers are expensive, I can't afford them ? Fire sprinklers cause a lot of water damage ? Smoke sets them off ? They can be damaged ? When a fire breaks out, all the sprinklers go off together ?

26. Studley Green Project - Wiltshire

27. Smoke Control

34. Who’s had a real Christmas tree?

47. Thank You for your time We can, if you so wish, view some of your existing/new drawings for a totally FREE , and confidential, initial assessment of any project/development and whether we could help.