This document provides an overview of fire safety design principles in buildings based on the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984 (Amendment 2021). It discusses key definitions related to fire safety and the objectives of fire safety in buildings. The presentation then covers important fire safety design principles like means of escape, internal fire growth and linings, internal fire spread and structural fire protection, external fire spread, and access and facilities for firefighting. Fire safety installation requirements outlined in the UBBL are also summarized, focusing on components like means of escape, internal fire spread, external fire spread, and fire alarm and fire extinguishment systems.

1. 1
Overview Amendment UBBL 2021
Seminar on
Uniform Building By-Law 1984
(Amendment 2021)
By Dato’ Edwin Galan Teruki
19 September 2022
PICC Putrajaya

2. Definition of Fire Safety
1.Design Principle for Fire Safety
1.Amendment Uniform Building By-
Laws 1984 (amendment 2021)
1.Plan Approval by FRDM
1.Conclusion
CONTENT OF
SLIDE
PRESENTATION
1
2
3
4
5
2

3. THE COMPLIANCE OF FIRE SAFETY DESIGN IN BUILDINGS BASED ON
UBBL1984
3
Fire at High Rise at China Video 2022-09-16 at 5.55.53 PM.mp4“
Fri 16 Sep 2022 13.32 BST
A fire engulfed a skyscraper in the central Chinese city of Changsha, with authorities
saying that no casualties had yet been found. The blaze broke out in a 42-floor
building housing an office of the state-owned telecommunications
company China Telecom, according to the state broadcaster CCTV. The 218-metre
(715ft) building, completed in 2000, is located near a major ring road.
Deadly fires are common in China, where lack enforcement of building codes and
rampant unauthorised construction can make it difficult for people to flee burning
buildings.
In July last year, a warehouse fire in north-eastern Jilin province killed at least 15
people and injured at least 25, according to state media reports.
The month before that, a fire killed 18 people – mostly children – at a martial arts
school in central Henan province, causing an uproar over fire safety standards.
A further two dozen people died in blazes in Beijing’s migrant neighbourhoods in 2017,
while 58 perished when a fire swept through a 28-storey Shanghai housing block in
2010.
Source from The Guardian
Fire breaks out at Thai-
invested Long Son
petrochemical complex
By Thai Ha
Sat, September 10, 2022 |
9:45 pm GTM+7
A fire broke out Saturday
afternoon at the Long Son
Petrochemicals Complex in
Vung Tau town, southern
Vietnam, during a test run.

4. • Fire safety refers to precautions that are taken to prevent or reduce the
likelihood of a fire that may result in death, injury, or property damage, alert
those in a structure to the presence of an uncontrolled fire in the event one
occurs, better enable those threatened by a fire to survive in and evacuate
from affected areas, or to reduce the damage caused by a fire.
• Fire safety measures include those that are planned during the construction
of a building or implemented in structures that are already standing, and
those that are taught to occupants of the building.
• Threats to fire safety are referred to as fire hazards..
• Fire Safety - adoption of or adherence to measures intended to minimize
the risk of harm from accidental fires; safety from danger or injury in the event
of a fire (Oxford Dictionary)
• Fire Safety refers to fire prevention, limiting the spread of fire and smoke,
extinguishing a fire and the chance of a quick and safe exit. (NFPA 101)
• Designing for fire safety in construction can be a complex subject.
4
(1) DESFINITION OF FIRE SAFETY

5. • Historically fire safety design of buildings has been seen as a
constraint to innovative design.
• Many innovative building designs now utilise fire safety
engineering rather than having to rely solely on functional-
based codes.
• This approach can enable architects to achieve innovative cost-
effective designs while meeting fire safety design needs.
• As buildings become more complex and architects push the
design envelope ever further, it is vital to consider fire safety
implications of new buildings or other construction or
refurbishment projects at the concept design stage.
5

6. Successful fire safety design requires an understanding of a wide range of issues and
components, and the interactions between them such as, fire source, smoke movement, heat
transfer to the building structure, detection, human behavior and toxicity.
 Project design and implementation, including:
• Regulations compliance (UBBL 1984 including Standard-Standard)
• Risk assessments
• Fire Safety Installation (FSI) and structural fire precautions
• Materials performance
• Fire detection and suppression
• Heat transfer to the structure
• Smoke movement and toxicity, and smoke and heat exhaust ventilation systems
• People – movement and egress modelling, and means of escape
We can help you to incorporate the latest fire safety design principles into you building projects
without impacting adversely on the function or appearance of the building.
6
(2) DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR FIRE SAFETY

7. Objective of Fire Safety In Building
Life Safety Property Protection Business Continuity
Environmental
Protection
1 2 3 4
7

8. Means of Escape
• Standard of means of escape basic principles
 Sufficient escape routes from all parts of the building, to enables persons to move away from danger in a
direction that can ultimately lead to a place of safety that is outside the building;
 The escape routes should be sufficient in number and width to avoid a possibility of congestion;
 The distance that persons may have to move to reach either a place of safety outside the building, or a place
of relative safety inside the building, cannot be unrestricted;
 Any part of the building that provides an area of relative safety should be adequately protected from the
effects of fire, to enable it to safety used for escape for as long as it might be needed for that purpose;
 Any escape route that is outside the building needs to be adequately protected from the effects of the fire
in the building;
 Escape routes and exits should be clearly recognisable by strangers, and sufficiently lit, to enable to be
safety used for escape.
8

9. PEOPLE CHARACTERISTICS
• Awareness
• Familiarity
• Ability
• Disabled persons
• Height or depth
• Its shape and size, and
• The degree to which it
is compartmented
BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS
9
Basic parameters Means of Escape
• The unprotected part
• The protected part
STAGES OF ESCAPE

10. 1) Stairs
2) Unprotected stairs
3) Protected stairways
4) Number and siting of protected
stairways
5) Width of stairs
6) Calculations of stair width
7) Mode of evacuation
8) Phased evacuation
9) Basement stairs
10) External escape stairs and external
routes
11) Contents of protected stairways.
1) Finals exits
2) Protection of escape routes
3) Escape time
4) Lift and escalators
5) Doors forming exits on escape
routes
6) Fire Doors
7) Smoke control and ventilations of
escape routes
8) Protected stairways
9) Pressurisations
10) Automatic extinguishing systems
11) Automatic fire detection and alarm
systems
10
1) Storey exits
2) Number of escape routes and
exits
3) Travel distance
4) Direct distance
5) Travel speed
6) Variations of travel distances
7) Width of escape routes and exits
8) Width of exits
9) Open storey planning
10) Open spatial
11) corridors
12) Protected corridors
13) Dead end corridors
14) Protected lobbies
15) Access to storey exits
Horizontal escape routes Vertical escape routes
Others Relevant Matters
Part VII : FIRE SAFETY INSTALLATION (FSI) REQUIREMENTS
A. Means of Escape

11. 1. Exit Access
• Travel Distance
• Dead End
• Corridor
2.Exit
• Exit Door- Location, Fire Rated, numbers (based on
occupant load)
• Protected Staircase- Numbers (based on occupants
load)
• Fire Fighting Staircase
• Fire Fighting Access Lobby
3.Final
Discharge
• Location of final discharge-Out side of building
11
Components of Means of Escape
7th Schedule
Dead End Limit for residential
buildings not more than 10M

12. FINAL EXIT IS LOCATED AT THE 2ND
FLOOR AND MUST PASS THROUGH
CAR RAMP
TO REACH GROUND FLOOR
Final Exit at 2nd
floor
Final Exit at 2nd
floor
Ramp
kereta
DEAD END LIMIT FOR OFFICE MORE THAN 15M
12

13. Part VII : FIRE SAFETY INSTALLATION (FSI) REQUIREMENTS
B. Internal fire growth and linings
1) Ignitions and noncombustibility
2) Materials of limited combustibility
3) Spread of flame and fire propagation
4) Limited areas of walls
5) Ceiling and rooflights
6) Thermoplastics materials
7) Floor coverings
8) Furniture and fittings
9) Smoke production
13
Principles : control on the
combustibility and
flame spread
characteristic of linings is
to reduce their
contribution to a fire and
in the event of them
being involved in a fire, to
reduce their contribution
to spread.

14. Part VII : FIRE SAFETY INSTALLATION (FSI) REQUIREMENTS
C. Internal Fire Spread and structural fire protection
1) Fire grading and purpose groups;
2) Fire resistance and elements of
structure;
3) Loadbearing elements
4) Fire separation;
5) Combustible
6) Protection of openings;
7) Concealed spaces;
8) Fire stopping; and
9) Special provisions related to
buildings of some specific users
14
• the building will not collapse or become
unstable as a result of the fire;
• the fire will be contained within fire
resisting enclosure, and any opening in
these will be protected in order to preserve
the integrity of the separating elements; and
• spread of fire in hidden voids will be
inhibited.

15. Part VII : FIRE SAFETY INSTALLATION (FSI) REQUIREMENTS
D. External fire spread
1) Boundaries;
2) Construction of external walls;
3) Fire resistance of external
walls;
4) Flammability at external wall
surfaces
5) Limited combustibility;
6) Cavities;
7) Space separation and external
walls;
8) Separation or boundary
distance;
9) External fire spread involving
roofs
15
Objective :to guard against the possibility of
conflagration due to fire spread from one building to
another.
 external wall are constructed to reduce the risk of
ignition and fire spread from an external fire, which
could be from another building;
 Openings and other unprotected areas in the sides of
buildings are limited in relation to distance from the
boundary to reduce the risk of the fire spreading
from one building to another by heat radiation, and
 Roofs are constructed to reduce the risk of ignition
from a fire in another building, to reduce the risk that
a burning roof might spread fire to other buildings,
and to reduce the risk that fire will spread
dangerously over a roof if it becomes ignited.

16. Part VIII : FIRE ALARM SYSTEM AND FIRE ENTINGUISHMENT SYSTEM
E. Access and facilities for Fire-Fighting
Vehicular access to the building;
Firefighting shafts
Location and number of
firefighting shafts;
Construction of firefighting
shafts;
Firefighting stairs;
Firefighting lobbies;
Fire mains and landing valves;
Smoke venting of basements.
16
Aim : ensuring speedy and effective firefighting to life
safety and protect property .
 means of external access to enable fire appliances
to be brought near to the building for effective use;
 means of access into and within the building for
firefighter to effect rescue and firefighting;
 Fire mains and associated facilities; and
 means for venting heat and smoke from a basement
fire.

17. Fire Appliance Access Road
Fire
Appliance
Access Road
1. Minimum
Perimeter
- Based on
Volume of
building 2. Width
- Minimum
6m
3. Load
Capacity
- Minimum
30 Ton
4. Gradient
-Not
exceeding
1:15
5. Distance from
Building
- Not less than
2m but not more
than 10m
6. Dead End for
Access Road
- Not exceeding
46m
7. Overhead
Clearance
- More than
4.5m
8. Turning
Facility
- T-Turn
- Cul-De-Sac
17
1:9?
Comply?

18. 2
Fire Detection and Alarm
System
• Type (Heat, smoke detector, manual call
• Location
Sprinkler System
• Location of breeching inlet
• Tank (Location, capacity)
• Pump system
• Stages of sprinkler system
• Sprinkler head and piping
system
2. Hose Reel
Location
-Distance (30m each)
-Water tank (Location, capacity)
- Pump systemLocation -Distance (30m
each) -Water tank (Location, capacity)
- Pump system
Clean Agent
• Location
• Type (FM 200,
Pyrogen, Halon)
• Calculation of
concentration
Portable Fire
Extinguisher
Location ( Near Exits )
-Type (Dry powder, Foam, Gases, etc)
Occupant &
Automatic
FSI System
CO2 System
• Location
• Calculation of concentration
Smoke management
system
• Natural, mechanical, hybrid
system
• Location of Inlet and outlet
• Smoke reservoir
• Air changes per hour
Emergency Lighting
• Location
• Distance
• Power supply
18

19. 2
Water Mist System
• Piping system
• Tank (Location, capacity)
• Pump system
Pressurized Hydrant
System
• Location of breeching inlet
• Distance ( 90m )
• Tank (Location, capacity)
• Pump system
Fire Command Centre
(FCC)
• Location
• Requirement for compartmentation
For Fire
Fighters
FSI system
Foam System
• Monitor point
• Piping system
• Tank (Location,
capacity)
• Pump system
Dry Riser
• Location of breeching
inlet
• Coverage Distance ( 45m )
• Tank (Location, capacity)
• Pump system
Wet Riser
• Location of breeching
inlet
• Coverage Distance ( 45m
)
• Tank (Location, capacity)
Hydrant
- Location
- Distance ( 90m each)
19

20. Fire Fighting Shaft
Requirement for building more than 18m height
www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com
Fire Fighting Staircase
-
Fire Lift
- Distance between lift core
60m
Fire Fighting Access Lobby
- Consisting of risers
- Area not less than 6 m²
- Max. coverage distance 45m
- Min. 2 hours Fire rated construction
- Must be ventilated naturally or
mechanically
Directly accessible from outside
the building at fire appliance
access level

21. Where fire fighting
staircace and
wet/dry riser?
Bilik apa?
21

22. Ventilation System
4. Staircase
-The openable area of windows at each upper
storey not less than 5% of the cross sectional
area of staircase
Or
- An openable vent outlet at the top having a
clear area of not less than 1 m²
5. Smoke Lobby
-The Area of permanent ventilation shall not
be less than 25% of the floor area
-For ventilation by means of openable
windows, additional permanent ventilation
having a free floor area of 464 cm² shall be
provided
3. Atrium
a. Atrium less than 17m or 17,000m³ and less
- Smoke exhaust rate shall be 19 m³/s or 6 air
changes per hour
b. Atrium less than 17m or 17,000m³ and more
-Smoke exhaust rate shall be at a minimum 19 m³/s or
6 air changes per hour
2. Basement ( exceeds
1000m²)
Natural ventilation-Vent opening shall not be
less than 2.5% of floor area or,
Smoke spill- at least 10 air changes per hour
1. Large above ground building
( exceeds 1000m² or 7000m³)
Natural ventilation-Smoke vent shall not be less
than 2.5% of floor area or,
Smoke spill- at least 10 air changes per hour

23. 1991
23
For OKU
2007
Introduction CCC
2011
Communication
2012
Total amendment
Amendment
(3) AMENDMENT OF UBBL 1984
GAZET
G.N. 5178/84 Uniform Building by-Law 1984
G.N. 10046/1999 amendment 1999
G.N. 22740/2021 amendment 2021 (include 1991, 2007, 2011, 2012)

24. 24
Workshop with committee ( 4 )
2019
• 22 Feb , 9 April, 23 April & 24 Aug
Workshop with committee ( 3)
2020
• 5-8 Oct, 3 Nov & 7-9 Dec
Mesyuarat Majlis Negara bagi Kerajaan Tempatan
(MNKT)
2021
• 5 – 8 April 2021 : Final workshop
• 13 Jun 2021 : MNKT ke - 78
ENGAGEMENT AND COMMITTEE
UM, UPM
4 ACADEMIC
REHDA, CIDB, SIRIM, FRIM
3 INDUSTRY
PAM, LAM, BEM, IEM, ACEM, IFE
1 PROFESIONAL
JBPM, JKR, JKT, PEMUDAH, MPC,MTB
2 GOVERNMENT AGENCY

25. 25
NEW POLICY
New Policy be
implement
STANDARD
The lastest Standard
PRACTICE
The lastest
improvement/
innovative of design,
architecture
technologies and
engineering
1 2 3
The reason amendment 2021:-

26. 26
Amendment are include:
New provision
Substituting the existing provision
New Policy or Others Acts
editorial
a
c
b
d
e Delected
FIRE SAFETY
INSTALLATION
REQUIREMENTS
73 AMENDMENT
PART VII: FIRE SAFETY
INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
Part VIII : FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
AND FIRE ENTINGUISHMENT
SYSTEM
86 AMENDMENT

27. 27
PART VII
FIRE SAFETY
INSTALLATION
REQUIREMENTS
NO. AMENDMENT
50
PART VIII
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
AND FIRE
EXTINGUISHMENT
SYSTEM
NO. AMENDMENT
36
Amendment UBBL 1984 (2021): Bahagian VII & VIII, Schedule
SCHEDULE
SCHEDULE -5 DESIGNATION OF PURPOSE GROUPS
SCHEDULE -7 MAXIMUM TRAVEL DISTANCE
SCHEDULE -8 CLASSIFICATION OF A RESTRICTION OF SPREAD OF
FLAME OVER A SURFACE OF THE WALL AND CEILING
SCHEDULE -9 LIMIT OF COMPARTMENTS AND MINIMUM PERIODS
OF FIRE RESISTANCE FRO ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURE.
SCHEDULE -10 TABLE OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE FIRE ALARM
SYSTEM AND FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT SYSTEM.
SCHEDULE -11
(NEW)
STAIRCASE LANDING WIDTH OR DEPTH

28. NO. BY-LAW JUSTIFICATION
1.
UUK 136A:
Use of fire shutters
• Use of roller shutter as compartment wall and compartment floor.
• fire rating, mode of activation and use.
• Accordance to International standard.
2.
UUK 224A: Hospital
• New means of escape eg. fire escape bed lift, refuge area, staircase landing
width/depth.
• Accordance to International standard.
PART VII AND VIII – MAIN AMENDMENT
P
a
r
t
.
V
I
I
NO. BY-LAW JUSTIFICATION
1.
UUK 243B:
Fire mode operation
• New provision, operation Fire Safety Installation (PKK) at fire mode
operation.
2.
UUK 249:
Smoke control
• Requirements for smoke control and area .
P
a
r
t
.
V
I
I
I

29. 29
CERTIFICATION
G8
Certificate of fire
Safety for
FIRE SAFETY
INSTALLATION
REQUIREMENTS
(ARCHITECTURAL)
Fire and Rescue
Department Malaysia
G9
Certificate of fire
Safety for
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
AND FIRE
EXTINGUISHMENT
SYSTEM(MECHANICAL
AND ELECTRICAL)
Fire and Rescue
Department Malaysia

30. By-law 245 (1)
Any construction, development or installation of fire
fighting equipment or fire safety installation other than
those conforming to the requirements provided in parts
VII and VIII of these By-Laws shall be submitted to and
approved by the D.G. FRD before the commencement of
work.
By-law 245 (2)
Plans, drawings and calculations of all fire fighting
installations and extinguishers shall be submitted to the
FRD in a manner specified by the D.G.FRD and br
approved before the commencement of work.
30
(4) PLAN APPROVAL

31. 31
STATISTICS FOR PLAN APPROVAL BY FRDM (2015 – 2018)
7,424
7,703
7,464
7,921
3,081
3,751
3,081
2,727
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
2015 2016 2017 2018
Plan Approval for Buildings not with
Installed with FSI system
Lulus
Tolak
Year No. of Plan
Submission
Approved Rejected %
2015 10,505 7,424 3,081 29%
2016 11,454 7,703 3,751 33%
2017 10,545 7,464 3,081 29%
2018 10,648 7,921 2,727 26%
Average Rejection Rate : 30 %

32. 32
STATISTICS FOR PLAN APPROVAL BY FRDM (2015 – 2018)
5,081
4,630
4,122
2,582
3,759 3,751
3,496
3,728
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
2015 2016 2017 2018
Plan Approval for Buildings Installed with FSI
System
(ARCHITECTURAL PLAN)
Lulus
Tolak Year No. of Plan
Submission
Approved Rejected %
2015 8,840 5,081 3,759 43
2016 8,381 4,630 3,751 45
2017 6,618 4,122 2,496 38
2018 6,310 2,582 3,728 59
Average Rejection Rate : 46 %

33. 33
STATISTICS FOR PLAN APPROVAL BY JBPM (2015 – 2018)
2,445 2,423
2,512
2,582
1,430
1,523
1,362
1,439
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
2015 2016 2017 2018
Plan Approval for M&E PLAN
Lulus Tolak
Year No. of
Submission
Approved Rejected %
2015 3,875 2,445 1,430
37%
2016 3,946 2,423 1,523
39%
2017 3,874 2,512 1,362
35%
2018 4,021 2,582 1,439
36%
Average Rejection Rate : 37 %

34. 34
FORWARD
PLANNING FOR
IMPROVEMENT
1. Registration of Fire Safety
Contractor.
2. Introduce Fire Safety Code
under Fire Services Act 1988
3. Fire safety
course/class/seminar to
enhance knowledge among
PSP. 4.Establish performance rating
system to PSPs
5. Registration of Fire Safety
Installation (FSI)
6. Registration of Fire Safety
Inspector
7. Submission through e-
Premise/ OSC 3+

35. Failure to buildings.
258 (1) In the event of any failure to any building or part of the building, whether in the course of
erection or after completion, the principal submitting person or submitting person who --
(a) submitted the plans, drawings or calculations for such building;
(b) supervised the setting out of such building;
(c) certified that the setting out was carried out in accordance with the approved site plan;
(d) supervised the erection of such building;
(e) certified that the proper supervision of such building as carried out;
shall within one week of the occurrence of such failure or such further period as may be specified
by the local authority within whose jurisdiction such building is situated --
(i) report such failure;
(ii) explain the cause of failure; and
(iii) if such failure occurred during the erection of such building, state the remedial action
taken. 35
(5) CONSLUSION

36. Failure to buildings.
(1) Such principal submitting person or submitting person shall submit such further information in such manner and
within such period as may be specified by the local authority.
(2) Where the local authority has reason to believe that a failure to any building or part of a building has occurred which
failure has not been reported to such local authority it shall serve a notice on the principal submitting person or submitting
person who --
(a) submitted the plans, drawings or calculations for such building;
(b) supervised the setting out of such building;
(c) certified that the setting out was carried out in accordance with the approved site plan;
(d) supervised the erection of such building;
(e) certified that proper supervision of such building was carried out;
requiring him within one week of such service to --
(i) state whether such failure occurred.
(ii) explain why he failed to report such failure;
(iii) if such failure occurred during the erection of such building, state the remedial action taken.
36
(5) CONSLUSION

37. Failure to buildings.
(4) Any principal submitting person or submitting person who fails to comply with paragraph (1),
(2) or (3) shall be guilty of an offence.
(5) Notwithstanding that any plan, drawing or calculation has been approved by the local
authority, the responsibility for the failure of any building or part of a building shall prima facie lie
with the principal submitting person or submitting person who submitted such plan, drawing or
calculation.
(6) The principal submitting person or submitting person, as the case may be, as mentioned
under paragraph (1)(a) of by-law 2F or paragraph (1)(a) of by-law 7 shall be subject to the same
provision as specified under this by-law.
37
(5) CONSLUSION

38. 38
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