The document outlines key principles for delivering effective scientific and educational presentations, emphasizing the importance of communication skills and audience engagement. It covers various aspects such as preparation, organization, verbal and non-verbal communication, and the effective use of visual aids. Additionally, it offers tips on managing audience questions and structuring a presentation to enhance clarity and retention of information.

1. Giving Scientific and Educational Presentations in English . A WorkshopDr Ray WallaceSchool of Science & TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityUNITED KINGDOM

2. “Nothing in life is more important than the ability to communicate effectively” - Gerald L. Ford

3. Abilities Shown by Good PresentersInformation is relevant to audienceInformationpresented is well organisedVoiceis easily heard and free of distractions (eg. ah, umm)Visual aidsare used effectivelyAudiences'attention and interest are heldAppropriate gestures and body languageare usedEnthusiasmfor the topic is demonstrated

4. Preparation“Fail to prepare, prepare to fail” -Anonymous

5. PlanningWhy am I giving this presentation?What is the primary message I want to communicate?Who will be the audience?How much time do I have to talk?Where is the presentation taking place?

6. What equipment is available?

7. What does the organiser expect me to discuss?Organisation“If you don’t know where you’re going you could wind up someplace else” -Yogi Berra (American baseball player -one of the most quoted figures in the sports world)

8. Organisational StructureTell them who you are and where you are from

9. Tell them the context of your work

10. Tell them what you are going to tell them

11. Tell them

12. Tell them what you told themYour AudienceWho and where - people often do not know the different societal, educational etc arrangements in different countries

13. Context - eg training - which people does your work apply to, practitioners, managers, policy makers, what is their level of understanding?

14. What are you going to talk about? Is it research, application of methodology, new technology, policies, awareness training? MAKE IT CLEAR! Your AudienceTELL THEM THE STORY!

15. Summarise what you have said by highlighting key points -only the sharpest of people take in and MEMORISE what has been said just once, repeating reinforces the major ideas and themes which you are trying to put acrossVerbal CommunicationLanguageProjection of VoicePitchPaceVerbal Gaps

16. Non Verbal CommunicationPostureStanceGesturesEye ContactNervous BehaviourTake a Deep BreathBe PreparedBe Realistic and PositiveGain Experience

17. Presentation Outline - exampleKey Statements

18. Introduction

19. Opening Comments

20. Background Information

21. Purpose or Specific Aims

22. Body

23. Materials and Methods

24. Results

25. Conclusion

26. Summary and Conclusions

27. Recommendations or Future Directions

28. Closing CommentsConnector StatementsTransitionsInternal PreviewsInternal SummariesSignposts

29. Delivery MethodsReadingMemorisingImpromptuExtemporaneously

30. RehearsalPractice

31. Dry Run

32. Dress RehearsalAidsCLEAR OVERHEADSNotes - key words or phrases on cards (use large text)“A picture is worth a thousand words” or is it?Handouts - can help the audience retain more information about your topicis a saying/cliché that comes from an old Chinese proverb "A Picture's Meaning Can Express Ten Thousand Words".

34. Suggested breakdown of a 10-min Educational/Scientific Talk

35. Questions Why Does the Audience Ask Questions?To assist you and your researchTo test your knowledgeFor clarificationTo hear themselves talkTo gain informationTo demonstrate how knowledgeable they areTo gain attention

36. QuestionsInformation-Seeking QuestionsClarifyingTechnicalAnticipatoryPeripheralAntagonistic QuestionsLoadedAlternativeMultiple ListThe Set Up