The document provides an outline for a seminar on oral presentations. It discusses the importance of oral presentations and lists different presentation skills needed, including introduction, use of visual aids, gestures, eye contact, and addressing stage fright. It also provides examples of questions that could be asked during the seminar and tips for improving communication, body language, and successfully answering questions from the audience.

1. Seminar On Oral Presentation
Prepared by:-Jogadiya Hardik P.
M.Pharm sem-2
Enrollment No:-122100908009
Subject:-Research Methodology
Atmiya Institute Of Pharmacy, Rajkot. 1

2. Outline
• Importance,
• Types
• Different skills,
• Introduction,
• Poster, Gestures, eye contact, facial, expressions,
stage, fright, volume- pitch, speed, pause &
language, Visual aids & seating, Questionnaire.

3. Questions
1) States the various key factors of oral presents(Dec
2012)(5)
2) What are the visual aids? Give it’s importance in
presentation. How will you prepare your oral
presentation using visual aids? Describe.(July 2012,
& Dec 2010)(8)
3) Discuss the key factor of successful oral
presentation(July 2012)(8)

4. Continue…
4)Explains the techniques and importance of oral
presentation of research findings. Is only oral
presentation is sufficient? If not, why?(July 2010)(10)
5)Discuss the key factor of successful oral
presentation.(Dec 2010)(8)
6)Discuss the importance of presentation skills in an
oral presentation(June/July 2011)(6)

5. Continue…
7)Describe the key factors of successful oral
presentation.(June-July 2011)(5)
8)Why there is a need of visual aids in an oral
presentation?(June-July 2011)(5)
9)Short note on oral presentation.(Dec 2011)(8)

6. Definition
Presentation can be defined as
• “Something set forth to an audience for the
attention of the mind “

7. Importance
• We can effectively recall
• 20% of what we hear;
• 30% of what we see;
• 50% of what we hear and see;
• 70% of what we do.
• So it is clear that we must allow the audience to
see, and hear and interact with the presenter and
the presentation material.

8. In a presentation
• To tell them what they need to know;
• To show them as much as is necessary
• To create opportunities for interaction

9. Types of Presentations
More Persuasive
Sales Instructional
Explanatory Oral presentation
More Detailed

10. Subtypes
Some Presentations are
• Too long
• Too short
• So Keep It Short and Simple

11. Presentation Time

12. Short and Simple presentation
• About 20 minutes (including the introduction and
the conclusion) you have time for only two major
points.
• In 30 minutes you might make three major points.
• In 40–45 minutes you might be able to cover four
major points, but three points and a longer time
for questions would be a better alternative.

13. Starting the presentation
• List of things planned to say

14. Continue…
• The ‘keyword’ in the central box should be a one
or two word abbreviation of your primary
objective.
• Use just one or two words on each ‘limb’, even a
whole phrase if necessary – but never a complete
sentence.
• Use the full range of colors you have available.
• If different parts of the spider gram seem to link
up, indicate this fact with a linking arrow rather
than duplicating a whole set of ‘limbs’.

15. Creating a presentation
• Make a structure to presentation. Make
understanding of the points you are making as you
go along.
• Do not try to say
• ‘which I will explain later on’ and ‘I’d like to add
some comments to something I said earlier
about…’
• Effective way to create a structure for your
presentation is to take the main points you plotted
on your spidergram

16. PowerPoint slide
• Outlines
• Slide Structure
• Fonts
• Color
• Background
• Graphs
• Spelling and Grammar
• Conclusions
• Questions

17. Oral Presentation
•Be active – move
•Be purposeful - controlled gestures
•Variations – vocal (pitch, volume, rate)
•Be natural
•Be direct – don’t just talk in front of the audience talk
to them

18. Continue…
• While using a over head projector face the audience while
talking
• Point with a pen
• Appropriate lighting
• Ensure clear visibility
• 10 lines, 10 words per line

19. • Create your presentation in PowerPoint format.
• Practice your presentation beforehand and time it.
• Most volunteered papers are 15 minute
presentations, including time for questions. Plan on
making a 10-12 minute presentation to allow a few
minutes for your introduction and any questions
from the audience.
• Use active words, short sentences.
• Words should reinforce visual material.
• Speak loudly and clearly into the microphone. Be
sure to repeat any comments or questions from the
audience.

20. Skills
• There are differents skills
• Communication skill
• Hearing skills
• Listening skill
• Communication is the art of
-transmitting information,
-ideas and attitude from one person to another.
• Communication is the process of meaningful interaction
among human beings.

21. Continue…
• A verbal or nonverbal message
• A process by which information is exchanged
between individuals through a common system of
symbols, signs, or behavior

22. What are the most common ways
we communicate?
Written Word

23. Barriers to communication
• Noise
• Inappropriate medium
• Assumptions/Misconceptions
• Emotions
• Language differences
• Poor listening skills
• Distractions

24. Hearing & Listening
Hearing – Physical process,
natural, passive
Listening – Physical as well
as mental process, active,
learned process, a skill
Listening is hard.

25. Essential of communication does
•Always think ahead about what you are going to say.
•Use simple words and phrases that are understood by
every body.
•Increase your knowledge on all subjects you are
required to speak.
•Speak clearly and audibly.
•While listening, always make notes of important points.
•Always ask for clarification if you have failed to grasp
other’s point of view.

26. Essentials of communication don’ts
•Do not instantly react .
•Do not use technical terms and terminologies not
understood by majority of people.
•Do not speak too fast or too slow.
•Do not speak in inaudible surroundings, as you won’t
be heard.
•Do not assume that every body understands you
•Do not interrupt the speaker.

27. How to Improve Communication?
• IMPROVE LANGUAGE.
• IMPROVE PRONUNCIATION.
• WORK ON VOICE MODULATION.
• WORK ON BODY LANGUAGE.
• READ MORE
• LISTEN MORE

28. Continue…
• THINK AND SPEAK.
• DO NOT SPEAK TOO FAST.
• USE SIMPLE VOCABULARY.
• DO NOT SPEAK ONLY TO IMPRESS SOMEONE.
• LOOK PRESENTABLE AND CONFIDENT

29. Improving Body Language
• Keep appropriate distance
• Take care of your appearance
• Maintain eye contact
• Smile genuinely

30. Effective presentation
• Poster (Posture)
• Format of model
• Gesture
• Eye contact
• Facial expressions
• Stage Fright
• Volume – Pitch, Speed, Pause
• Language

31. Poster Presentation
• Presenters should bring their own materials for attaching
illustrations to the boards.
• Don't crowd too much information into the presentation;
concentrate on two or three main points. Highlight your title,
headings, and subheadings with colors or colored lines.
• Format headings and subheadings to be at least 25% larger than
the text copy in bold or semi bold.
• Keep your text in short, concise, legible statements; minimize
complete sentences and paragraphs.

32. Continue……
• Text in upper and lower case letters is more
readable than all capitals. Text type should be at
least 1/4-inch (0.64 cm) tall and readable from a
distance of 6 feet (1.8 m).
• Back-lighted photos, sound or projection
equipment, and free-standing displays are strictly
prohibited.

33. Gesture
• A movement of part of the body, especially a hand or
the head, to express an idea or meaning: "so much is
conveyed by gesture".

34. Eye
Movement
The “Z” Rule
• Upper left
• Upper right
• Lower left
• Lower right

35. Facial expression
• Smile :- eyes and mouth
• Influence others attitude

36. Stage
• A point, period, or step in a process or
development: "there is no need at this stage
to give explicit details".

37. Fright
• A sudden intense feeling of fear.
• The facts: Shaky hands, blushing cheeks,
memory loss, nausea, and knocking knees.
• Be normal.

38. Volume
C: Clear – the use of simple, easily understood words
and phrases
L: Loud (enough) – it is important that everyone can
hear you
A: Assertive – a bright and confident air born of
knowledge of the subject and good preparation
P: Pause – it is essential to allow the listeners time to
digest what you have said

39. Pitch
• Pitch means to make point out some points

40. Speed
• Speed of presentation should be medium.
• Speed is neither to be too fast nor to be too
slow.
• Presentation should be given in such way that
it will complete in particular time period in
medium speed.

41. Pauses
• Useful
– Awaiting thought
– Switching gaze
– Reading slide
– Reinforcing point
• Powerful
• Difficult

42. Language
• People must understand your language either
it is body language or spoken language.
• You should give presentation in such a way
that other people can understand your
language.
• Watch your audience if you feel that they have
dought than express the problem in other
language.

43. Visual Aids
• To make, explain or identify a point
• To emphasize, clarify or reinforce a point
• To remind, summarize or review a point
• We remember –
– 10% of what we read
– 20% of what we hear
– 30% of what we see
– 50% of what we see and hear

44. Continue…
• Enhance understanding
• Add variety
• Support claims
• Lasting impact
Used poorly, however, they can be a
distraction and lead to an ineffective
presentation

45. Continue…
• PowerPoint slides
• Overhead transparencies
• Graphs/charts
• Pictures
• Web links
(http://www.unh.edu/uacc/unhpathways.html )
• Films/video
• Flip charts
• Sketches
• Chalk or white board

46. Visual Aids Should…
• Outline, explain, support main points
• Serve audience’s needs, not speaker’s
• Be simple and clear
• Supplement and support…

47. Continue…
• Use Sans Serif fonts (fonts without feet)
– e.g. Arial, Tahoma, Trebuchet, Verdana, etc.
• Titles should be 32-44 pt. font size, BOLD
• Text should be as large as possible
– First level 24-32 pt font size
– Second level 20-28 pt font size, etc…
• Use color wisely
– Contrasting colors

48. Red/Blue Conflict
Red letters on blue background
creates “flicker effect”
Blue letters on red background
just as bad

49. Low Contrast
White on yellow Yellow on white
Black on blue Blue on black

50. “Fly-In” Vs “Wipe”
• Could you read this?
• How about this one?
• Maybe the third time is the charm!
• Less distracting
• Reduces eye movement
• Increases readability
• Be CONSISTENT throughout presentation!

51. Use the Rights Words
What you say, and how you say it,
is the key to a successful presentation:
P – state your position or point
R – explain your ideas
E – use examples
P – restate your position or point

52. Body Language
• Make eye contact,…but move focus around the
audience
• Use your hands,…but don’t go crazy
• If possible move around,…but slowly!
• Maintain good posture
• Make sure everyone can see you
• Don’t speak with your back to the audience

53. Common Problems
• Verbal fillers
– “Um”, “uh”, “like”, “you guys”
– Any unrelated word or phrase
• Swaying, rocking, and pacing
• Hands in pockets
• Lip smacking
• Fidgeting
• Failure to be audience-centered

54. Closing Summary
• Audience is always attentive at the begining
• Somewhat less attentive in the middle
• Generally more attentive at the end
• Tell them what you are going to say
• Then say it
• At the end, say it again
• Allow time for questions

55. Questionnaire
• Keep your answers short and to the point – don’t
respond with another lecture
• Don’t say that a question is bad, or that you
addressed it already
• If you really don't know the answer
– Say "Interesting, I will look into that" or “That’s a good point, let’s discuss
it afterwards”
– Don't feel that you have to invent an answer on the fly -- you are only
human and you can't have thought of everything
• If the questioner disagrees with you and it looks like there will
be an argument then defuse the situation
– "We clearly don't agree on this point, let's go on to other questions and
you and I can talk about this later"

56. Reference