Presentation made by Joel Lalucherian, Prof R.N.Desai & Prof Bhakti D Patel at All India Seminar on Polymer Processing, reclamation and its end-of-life impact on environment at Gujarat State Center of The Institution of Engineers (India)
Photo degradation & photo stabilization of polymersKeshav Singh
Photo-Degradation & Photo-Stabilization of Polymers
Polymer Degradation
Different Types of Degradation
Photodegradation
Factors Causing Photodegradation
Effects of Photodegradation & Need for Photostabilization
Photo-stabilization
STEREOSPECIFIC REACTION, STEREOSELECTIVE REACTION, OPTICAL PURITY, ENANTIOMERIC EXCESS.. all these topics are explained in this slide with examples and formula.
Brief intro about crystalline and amorphous structures,
glass transition temperature,
free volume theory of glass transition temperature,
factors effecting glass transition temperature etc.
Photo degradation & photo stabilization of polymersKeshav Singh
Photo-Degradation & Photo-Stabilization of Polymers
Polymer Degradation
Different Types of Degradation
Photodegradation
Factors Causing Photodegradation
Effects of Photodegradation & Need for Photostabilization
Photo-stabilization
STEREOSPECIFIC REACTION, STEREOSELECTIVE REACTION, OPTICAL PURITY, ENANTIOMERIC EXCESS.. all these topics are explained in this slide with examples and formula.
Brief intro about crystalline and amorphous structures,
glass transition temperature,
free volume theory of glass transition temperature,
factors effecting glass transition temperature etc.
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
The presentation gives a brief idea about polymers,its definition,types of polymers,common examples of polymers,polymerization and its types,polymer processing and applications of polymers.
This slides discusses about Isoquinoline nucleus (fused heterocyclic compound). this ring contain benzene ring fused with pyridine nucleus with nitrogen atom
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
The presentation gives a brief idea about polymers,its definition,types of polymers,common examples of polymers,polymerization and its types,polymer processing and applications of polymers.
This slides discusses about Isoquinoline nucleus (fused heterocyclic compound). this ring contain benzene ring fused with pyridine nucleus with nitrogen atom
Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beamsIEI GSC
Presentation on Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beams by Akshay Dhariwal & Prof Sunil Raiyani, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
Presentation: Comparative Evaluation Of Epoxy Treated Reinforcement And Ename...IEI GSC
Presentation on Comparative Evaluation Of Epoxy Treated Reinforcement And Enamel Treated Reinforcement made by Dr PK Parhi, Professor of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC , Ahmedabad
Use of GeoTextiles in Civil Engineering : Work on NH 150, ManipurIEI GSC
Presentation done by N Noren Singh, Chief Engineer (Buildings), Manipur during One day workshop on GEO TEXTILES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING organized by #IEIGSC in association of iNDEXTb, L D College of Engineering, Ahmedabad & ATIRA
Techniques of rain water harvesting in urban and rural areasIEI GSC
Rainwater harvesting (RWH)is the process of arresting and storing rain water for efficient application and conservation. This is an effective way of utilising large quantum of water which otherwise goes as surface runoff. RWH has 2 components: 1)Rain water collection for storage
2)Recharging groundwater The talk cum presentation shall demonstrate several ways & methods to harvest rainwater in urban as well as rural areas
Effect of Waste Foundry Sand on Durability Properties of ConcreteIEI GSC
Presentation on Effect of Waste Foundry Sand on Durability Properties of Concrete by Tirth Doshi guided by Dr Urmil Dave & Prof Tejas Joshi at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
Degradation of Low Density Polyethylene Due To Successive Exposure to Acid Ra...Editor IJCATR
Utilization of polymer products for outdoor applications is continuously increasing. So the stability of polymers against
environmental degradation became top of interests for many researchers. The effect of environmental elements on the polymers stability
has been studied, but individually. A solution against an environmental element may conflict with a solution against other element.
Therefore current study aimed to clarify a sort of these conflicts, by successive exposure of low density polyethylene (LDPE) films to
acid rains and ultra violet (UV) radiation for different times. The used LDPE films are selected from the commercial grads which are
used for plants greenhouses, in order to use samples fully protected against environmental elements. It is found that acid rains etch PE
films, causing removal for some of the UV stabilizer additives, and hence UV radiation could attack PE films seriously causing remarked
oxidative degradation. This study includes wide comparisons between effects of acid rain only, UV irradiation only, acid rain followed
by UV irradiation and UV irradiation followed by acid rain exposure. Variations in the chemical composition, morphological structures,
thermal and mechanical properties are detected by the IR- spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and
tensile tests. A new view for the differentiation between degradations caused by acid rains and UV radiation is discussed. Lot of
experimental data are given in many coloured graphs and tables
A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. These parameters are used to identify the presence and the number of specific molecules in a medium.
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
photo redox reactions
Sunlight induced removal of Rhodamine B from water through Semiconductor Pho...Hariprasad Narayanan
Application of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) for the removal of toxic pollutants from water has been receiving increasing
attention in recent times. Photocatalysis using semiconductor oxides is one such AOP which is being investigated extensively for
the degradation of dyes in effluent water. This paper reports our findings on the sunlight induced photocatalytic removal of the
hazardous xanthene dye Rhodamine B from water, mediated by TiO2 and ‘platinum deposited TiO2’ (Pt/TiO2).Unlike in the case of
photocatalytic degradation of many organic pollutants which are driven by UV light, Rhodamine B can be removed in presence of
TiO2 even by visible light. Pt/TiO2 is ~5 times more active than TiO2 alone for the solar photocatalytic degradation of the dye,
which is attributed to extension of the absorption of light to the visible range and retardation of the recombination of
photogenerated electrons and holes. The dye itself can absorb visible light and act as a photo sensitizer to activate TiO2. The
effects of various parameters such as catalyst loading, concentration of the dye, pH, Pt concentration in Pt/TiO2, externallyadded
H2O2 etc on the adsorption and /or degradation of the dye are evaluated. The degradation of the dye proceeds through
intermediates and complete removal of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is achieved many hours after the decolorisation of the dye.
The rate of degradation decreases beyond a critical concentration of the dye, possibly due to reduction in the path length of
photons in deeply colored solution. The higher degradation in alkaline pH is explained in terms of the ionization state of the
catalyst surface and the enhanced adsorption facilitated by the electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged catalyst
surface and the zwitter ionic form of the dye. H2O2, upto a critical concentration, accelerates the degradation. The observations are
critically analysed and suitable mechanism for the photocatalytic mineralisation of RhB is proposed.
DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF DISTRESSED HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES: CASE STUDIES OF GUJAR...IEI GSC
Presentation on DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF DISTRESSED HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES: CASE STUDIES OF GUJARAT, INDIA by Er Vivek P Kapadiya, Chief Engineer & Additional Secretary, Government of Gujarat at #33NCCE #IEIGSC
Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beamsIEI GSC
Presentation on Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beams
made by Axay Dhariwal under guidance of Prof Sunil Raiyani, Nirma Institute of Technology at #33NCCE #IEIGSC
MIXTURE DESIGN OF FLY ASH & SLAG BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE FOR PRECAST ...IEI GSC
Presentation on MIXTURE DESIGN OF FLY ASH & SLAG BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE FOR PRECAST CONCRETE
made by Daxesh Patel under guidance of Prof Sonal Thakkar at #33NCCE #IEIGSC
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OUTRIGGER STRUCTURE WITH DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONSIEI GSC
Presentation on COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OUTRIGGER STRUCTURE WITH DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS made by Nilesh Prajapati under guidance of Ms Pooja Mistry & prepared by Jugal Senghani at #33NCCE #IEIGSC
Laboratory Investigation on the Mechanical Behavior of Concrete Containing St...IEI GSC
Presentation on Laboratory Investigation on the Mechanical Behavior of Concrete Containing Steel Industry Waste made by Damyanti Baghada under supervision of Dr C D Modhera, SVNIT at #33NCCE #IEIGSC
ENHANCEMENT OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURES USING HyFRCIEI GSC
Presentation on ENHANCEMENT OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURES USING HyFRC by Needhi Kotoky Under the supervision of Dr. Anjan Dutta and Dr. Sajal K. Deb Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati
Prefabricated construction systems in India- Precast Status and needed ImpetusIEI GSC
Presentation on Prefabricated construction systems in India- Precast Status and needed Impetus by Prof S. K. Singh,Sr. Principal Scientist & Professor, AcSIR, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
Evaluation of durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete incorporat...IEI GSC
Presentation on Evaluation of durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete incorporating flyash and silica fume by Parth Patel, Guided by Dr Urmil Dave & Prof Tejas Joshi, Nirma University, Ahmedabad at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
Presentation on Precast Infrastructure by Darshit Jhaveri
Head - Technical & Commercial (India), FUJI Silvertech Concrete Pvt. Ltd. Ahmedabad at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
Advances in Hydraulic Structures, Rubber Dam-A way forwardIEI GSC
Presentation on Advances in Hydraulic Structures, Rubber Dam-A way forward by Dr I Satyanarayan Raju, Former Chief Engineers, CDO, GOAP at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
Dr. Jaikrishna Memorial Lecture on Evolution of BridgesIEI GSC
2nd Dr. Jaikrishna Memorial Lecture on Evolution of Bridges by Ashok Basa Past President, The Institution of Engineers (India) delivered during #33NCCE National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
State of the Art lecture/ presentation on Structural Safety in India by Dr Sudhir Jain, Director, IIT Gandhinagar during #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
GEO TEXTILES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH EASTERN REGIONIEI GSC
Presentation on GEO TEXTILES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH EASTERN REGION by Shri P.S.Barbora, In-Charge, NERC, Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association (ATIRA) Guwahati done at Workshop on Geo Textiles in Civil Engineering Organized at Ahmedabad by #IEIGSC
Presentation on Textiles & GeoTextile Composites done by Saurabh Vyas at ATIRA during One day workshop on GEO Presentation done by Sh Saurabh Vyas during the workshop on GEOTEXTILES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING organized by #IEIGSC in association of iNDEXTb, L D College of Engineering, Ahmedabad & ATIRA
Presentation by Er Vivek Kapadia, FIE showing the application of Geo Synthetics in canals done at Workshop on GeoTextiles in Civil engineering organized by #IEIGSC
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
3. Different Types of Degradation
Chemical Degradation
Thermal Degradation
Biodegradation
Radiolytic Degradation
Mechanical Degradation
Photodegradation
4. Photodegradation
Photodegradation is degradation of a
photodegradable molecule caused by the
absorption of photons, particularly those
wavelengths found in sunlight, such as infrared
radiation, visible light, and ultraviolet light.
5. Factors Causing
Photodegradation
INTERNAL IMPURITIES
Hydroperoxide
Carbonyl
Unsaturated bonds
Catalyst residue
Change transfer (CT)
complexes with oxygen
EXTERNAL IMPURITIES
Traces of solvent,
catalyst,etc.
Compounds from a polluted
urban atmosphere and smog
Additives
Traces of metal & metal
oxides from processing
equipments & containers,
such as Fe, Ni or Cr.
10. Effects of Photodegradation & Need
for Photostabilization
Loss in physical properties
Discolouration
Hence in order to avoid such problems in the
service life of any product we give
photostabilization effect to the polymer.
12. Photostabilization
Photostabilization is the retardation or
elimination of the photodegradation of any
polymer.
Stablizers are classified as:
Light screeners
UV absorbers
Excited state quenchers
Peroxide decomposers
Radical scavengers
13. Factors affecting thickness of
absorber coating
The amount of the absorber required to provide
economical protection in a polymer depends on:
Thickness of the polymer product
Tolerance of colour
Effect of high concentration of absorbers on it
Compatibility of the absorber with it
14. Mode of action of UV absorbers
It interacts with the first step of the photo-oxidation
process.
It absorbs the harmful UV radiation before it reaches
to the photo active chromophoric species in the
polymer molecule (300-400nm).
Hence, energy dissipates in the manner that does not
lead to photosensitization.
A UV absorber should be light stable.
15. Light Screeners
Application of a coat of material on the polymer to
screen it from photodegradation.
Some examples are pigments, carbon black, etc.
The energy that attacks the chromophoric group is
absorbed and dissipated in a manner that it does not
affect the polymer.
16. Pigments
Pigments are insoluble inorganic or mineral and
organic compounds of complex structure.
Powdered metal Aluminium is an excellent reflector
to UV light.
Fe2O3, Fe3O4, ZnO, TiO2 are inorganic pigment
excellent UV screener.
Organic pigments such as azo and anthraquenone
display good UV light absorption.
17. Benefits of using Pigments
Cost reduction
Reinforcement
Hardening
Improving slip and skid resistance
Colour effect
Storage stability
18. Pigment as a Light Screener
Pigment as a light screener should be:
Light stable for long term performance without
fading.
Heat stable to withstand polymer processing
conditions.
Migration resistant.
Low cost.
Non-toxic.
19. Radical Scavengers
The radical scavengers operate by interfering with the
propagating step in the oxidative chain and this can be
achieved by two routes:
Reaction with propagating radicals (R.
, RO.
,
ROO.
).
Reaction with resulting hydroperoxides which are
the source of chain branching through the
propagating process.
Quinones react with alkyl radicals to form radicals
that do not initiate polymer oxidation.
20. Quenchers
Quenchers deactivate excited states of
chromophoric groups in polymers before bond
scission can occur by two mechanisms:
Energy Transfer Process
Intermolecular Energy Transfer
Intramolecular Energy Transfer
Chemical and / or Physical Deactivation
21. Quenching Mechanism
There are two mechanisms:
Long range Energy Transfer
Contact (Collisional) Energy Transfer
Ch - Chromophoric group
Q - Quencher
22. Carbon Black
Acts as an UV absorber as well as a radical
scavenger.
Carbon black absorbs UV radiation more efficiently
than conventional coloured pigments.
Carbon black consists of functional groups such as
carbonyl, hydroxyl, quinone, ether, etc. that as a
radical scavenger.
23. Conclusion
Complete stabilization of polymers against
photodegradatoin is not possible, hence the additives
must decompose –OOH, and acts as quenchers of
some excited state in the early stages of
photodegradation.
The “hydroperoxide” (POOH) is the most
important initiator in the photooxidative process.
Hence it must be quenched.
24. Innovative Stabilizations
Use of PTFE (teflon) as a light screener due to its
high bond dissociation enthalpy.
Application of coatings with high refractive index
difference with air will lead to better stabilizing
effect. (Concept of Rubber paints).