This presentation shall give you a brief idea about Next generation networks and Fixed mobile convergence.

1. Prepared By: Vinita Bhandiwad
(ME EXTC)
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2. Content:
 Introduction to NGMN
 NGN Access Networks
 NGN Core Networks
 General NGN functional Model
 Introduction to FMC
 FMC Challenges
 Conclusion
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3. Introduction:
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 The tremendous grow of the mobile network
 The significant advances of the broadband wireless
technologies has led to :
 The development and the transition to Next Generation
mobile Networks which is taking a huge step.

4.  The next generation networks (NGN) provide the
technical underpinning of convergence, representing a
single transport platform on which the carriage of
different service types (video, voice, and data)
“converges”, together with new and emerging services
and applications.
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5.  The Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN)
introduction roadmap overview is illustrated. It clearly
shows the coexistence of various technologies and the
need for minimization of their diversity.
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7.  The NGMN high-level roadmap points out towards the
“one integrated all-IP network”.
 According to ITU NGN is “A Next Generation Networks
(NGN) is a packet-based network able to provide
Telecommunication Services to users and able to make
use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport
technologies and in which service-related are
independent of the underlying transport-related
technologies. It enables unfettered access for users to
networks and to competing service providers and
services of their choice. It supports generalised mobility
which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of
services to users.
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8.  NGN, also defined as “broadband managed IP networks”,
includes next generation “core” networks, which evolve
towards a converged IP infrastructure capable of carrying
a multitude of services, such as voice, video and data
services, and next generation “access” networks, i.e. the
development of high speed local loop networks that will
guarantee the delivery of innovative services.
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9. NGN Access Networks
 The definition of next generation access networks is
usually specific to investment in fibre in the local loop.
 In general, this is the definition used in a number of
national initiatives in examining NGN.
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10.  The different technologies available include existing
copper networks upgraded to DSL, coaxial cable
networks, powerline communications, high speed
wireless networks , or hybrid deployments of these
technologies.
 Fibre, in particular point-to-point fibre development, is
often described as the most “future proof” of network
technologies to deliver next generation access
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11. Cable
Cable television (CATV) operators have begun to
upgrade their infrastructure to hybrid fibre copper (HFC)
allowing for bidirectional traffic and to increase network
capacity
 These developments are allowing CATV companies to
offer voice and Internet access (data services) in
competition with telecommunication companies which
through their offer of Internet TV have begun to compete
with CATV companies.
 Offering data and voice services, in addition to television,
helps cable companies differentiate their product offering
from satellite providers.
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12. Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)
BWA technologies aim at providing high speed
wireless access over a wide area. Certain early fixed
wireless access technologies did not had a greater
impact.
Wi-Fi (or wireless fidelity) refers to wireless local
area networks Wi-Fi allows LANs to be deployed
without cabling for client devices, typically reducing
the costs of network deployment and expansion.
Due to its affordability, scalability and versatility, its
popularity has spread to rural and urban area.
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13. 3G mobile networks
 The term next generation networks frequently
encompasses some kind of fixed-mobile convergence
(FMC), as it allows the transition from separate network
infrastructures into a unified network for electronic
communications based on IP, which facilitate affordable
multiple play business models,seamlessly integrating
voice, data and video.
 The introduction of 3G technology supports the
transmission of high-speed data with speeds theoretically
reaching 2/4 Mbit/s, and third-generation handsets give
users access to the Internet and content on the go.
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14. NGN Core Networks
The definition of next generation core networks are
defined on the basis of their underlying technological
“components” that include – as mentioned in the ITU
definition – packet-based networks, with the service
layer separated by the transport layer, which
transforms them into a platform of converged
infrastructure for a range of previously distinct
networks and related services
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15. IP-based network: “Next generation core
networks” generally cover the migration from
multiple legacy core networks to IP-based networks
for the provision of all services. This means that all
information is transmitted via packets. Packets can
take different routes to the same destination, and
therefore do not require the establishment of an end-to-
end dedicated path as is the case for PSTN-based
communications. The core will be IP
Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) based.
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16.  Packet-based, multi-purpose: While traditionally
separate networks are used to provide voice, data and
video applications, each requiring separate access
devices, with NGN different kinds of applications can be
transformed into packets, labelled accordingly and
delivered simultaneously over a number of transport
technologies, allowing a shift from single purpose
networks (one network, one service), to multi-purpose
networks (one network, many services). Interworking
between the NGN and existing networks such as PSTN,
ISDN, cable, and mobile networks can be provided by
means of media gateways.
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17.  Separation of transport and service layer: This
constitutes the key common factor between NGN and
convergence, bringing about the radical change in
relationship between network “layers” (transport
infrastructure, transport services and control, content
services and applications). In next generation networks
service related functions are independent from underlying
transport-related technologies The uncoupling of
applications and networks allow applications to be
defined directly at the service level and provided
seamlessly over different platforms, allowing for market
entry by multiple service providers on a non-discriminatory
basis. These features may foster the
development and provision of new service
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18. Separation of the functional plans
in two NGN stratums.
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19. General NGN functional model
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20.  So till now we studied how NGMN developed.
 Definitions of NGN.
 NGN Access Networks.
 NGN Core Networks.
 General NGN Functional model.
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22. Introduction
 Fixed operators
 Many fixed phones replaced with mobile phones
 Mobile operators
 Lacking of high bandwidth
 Hybrid operators
 Expensive to maintain two separate networks
 Mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs)
 Need to offer their services via different kinds of
access networks
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• New strategies needed, FMC is one possibility

23. Introduction
 FMC gives possibilities to different types of operators:
 Fixed operators
 Possible to enhance their coverage area towards mobile access
 Mobile operators
 Possible to enhance their coverage area
 Hybrid operators
 Can reduce costs by optimizing their networks
 Mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs)
 Possible to utilize both fixed and mobile operators networks
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24. Fixed Mobile Convergence
 FMC concept is not new
 FMC target:
To have all services seamlessly available from any network and with any terminal device
 Separate wireless and wireline networks will merge to
one – several access technologies available to access
the network
 IMS architecture and SIP protocol are the main building
blocks
 IMS handles SIP sessions between the terminals
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25. Definition of FMC
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Fixed and Mobile Convergence (FMC) is concerned with the provision of
network and service capabilities, which are independent of the access
technique. This does not necessarily imply the physical convergence of
networks. It is concerned with the development of converged network
capabilities.
An important feature of FMC is to allow users to access a consistent set
of services from any fixed or mobile terminal via any compatible access
point. An important extension of this principle is related to roaming: users
should be able to roam between different networks and be able to use the
same consistent set of services through those visited networks. This
feature is referred to as the Virtual Home Environment (VHE).

26.  Fixed-Mobile Convergence allows users to buy and use a
wider range of personalized services . The primary device will
be portable and for most applications it will be a multi-radio
device, supporting voice and multimedia services.
 Users can be contacted with a single number independent of
the network connection. The target of convergence is to enable
easy implementation for the operator and service provider, and
easy usage of services for end users. This will enable true
mobility for users in both the residential and business
environment.
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27. End User Services
 FMCA – Fixed mobile convergence association has listed convergence service scenarios
 Converged contacts – personal contact and address book in the network-based
storage which is accessible from anywhere
 Personal multimedia - secure access to the user’s multimedia content that is stored
in home or in the network from any device
 Multimedia call with data sharing service – possible to for the user to switch
between voice only GSM call and multimedia call containing e.g. picture or
broadband-enabled TV
 Combinatorial services - based on availability of multiple connections (circuit and
data) during the same communication session
 Electronic Programme Guide service is listing available programmes that can be
watched on the mobile device or recorded on video recorder
 Automation control and monitoring service makes it possible to control various
home based tasks via the mobile device such as temperature and access
 Convergent call control provides the ability to automatically handle the call based
on some events. For example based on the information of the user’s electronic
calendar, the location of the user and the importance of the caller the call will be
connected to the user or to the voice mail
 Multimodal services include several scenarios where voice and data sessions are
mixed
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28. Influence to Operator Business
Models
 FMC offers two main benefits to the operators:
 Interoperability
 reduction of the costs because common resources can be used
 FMC introduced step-by-step
 Operators want to exploit their existing investments
 Interworking with existing networks is important
 FMC solutions must be adjusted to each operator
 Investment plans
 the amount of investments is going to increase because of the
equipment needed for convergence and next generation networks
 operators believe that they will get remarkable cost savings by using
IP based techniques
 Also they believe that convergence will bring new services for end
users
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29. Influence to Operator Business
Models
 FMC is a continuously changing and complex
environment which creates uncertainties at
technology, demand and strategy levels
 The technological uncertainties are caused by rapid
technological development and the developing
standards
 What are the services that the users are willing to pay
will be seen in the future. This is causing uncertainty in
demand level
 A clear framework is needed to prevent the operators to
do costly mistakes by entering and subsequently exiting
non-core businesses and markets
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30. Vendor Strategies
 Operators want to reuse their existing networks
=> This has to be taken into account by vendors
 Many vendors have different kinds of evolution paths
and step-by-step network introduction to the FMC
and all IP networks
 Most of the vendors have taken an active role in many
standardization bodies
=> standardization is a key issue if vendors want to
provide solutions that can be integrated to the
equipment of other vendors
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31. The combination of fixed and mobile networks - Fixed Mobile
Convergence (FMC)
 Any combination of mobile and fixed access, voice, video and data services
decrease operational costs by using common resources
 FMC implementation leads to a new market with unique list of services and
high revenue potential
 Fixed-Mobile Convergence allows network and service operators to make
more efficient use of existing access technologies (GSM, DSL, Wi-Fi), as well
as taking an advantage of the roll-out of new access technologies such as
3G, WLAN, Bluetooth, Wi-Max UMA, etc, by launching new voice &
multimedia services and realizing cost reductions by implementing common
service machinery for different access networks.
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32. What’s Life Like ….
 In early years…..
 Most people can’t do without their mobile phones
 Content is on DVDs or magazines or books or a local hard-disk
 Contact Lists are by application, device, and individual situation
 Today………
 Everyone’s connected and can’t do without being on-line
 The first place people go for content is on-line
 Informal peer groups and sharing are commonplace
 In 2015 …
 Everyone and everything is connected all the time.ywhere
 The only place people go for content is on-line
 Dynamic communities of interest without any boundaries
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Today’s technology savvy young person is
tomorrow’s decision maker: our target customer!

33. Usage Patterns are Changing Convergence, mobility and personalization
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Home Commute Out Out Home
Z-Z-Z-Z-Z
Work Work Car
7 8 9 12 1 5 6 9
News
Office
Presence
Meeting Rest.
Presence
Club
etc.
Entertainment
Today: user must integrate CATV 3G Ethernet Wi-Fi Ethernet 3G Wi-Fi POTS CATV
across discontinuities
Tomorrow: user enjoys seamless
communications
Continuous broadband integrated wireline and wireless technologies

34. Convergence Drivers
TECHNOLOGY COMPETITION
 Move to IP infrastructure
 Intersection IT and Telecom
 “Value rich services”
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CONVERGENCE
USER
PREFERENCES
• Integrated value
rich services
• Personalized and mobile
• Secure communications
• Disruptive business
models
• Price pressure
• Eroding revenue
• Multiplicity of access
methods
• Multimedia and real-time
networking
• New standards
CONSOLIDATION
• Lower costs
• Bigger brands
• Media/entertainment into
Telecom/IT

35. Converged Services on the Next
Generation Network
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• Always on
• Anytime, anywhere, in any form
• Voice and multimedia
• Self service, intuitive
• Simple for the end user
• Secure, trusted and reliable

36. Infrastructure convergence
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Access
Fixed access
Wireless Local Loop
Cordless
Cellular
Satellite
Core Network
Same look and feel
of personalised
services
Common
service provider
N-ISDN
Internet
GSM

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Service convergence
Mobile
Communications
Fixed
Communications
Multimedia Communications

38.  Two of the Key enabling technologies for FMC are SIP,IMS .
 The description of these technologies are given below.
 SESSION INTERNET PROTOCOL(SIP):
SIP is a protocol developed by IETF(Internet engineering
task force) which can initiate modify and terminate
interactive multimedia communication session.
 IP MULTIMEDIA SYSTEM(IMS):
IMS is an architecture standard based on SIP which allows
for multiple real time applications such as voice video games
etc to run on a single network.
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39. FMC Challenges
 Number plans and number portability
 Fixed and mobile numbers come from separate blocks and they have prefixes that
contain information for interconnection charging
 Currently there is separate fixed number portability and mobile number portability
available but not fixed/mobile number portability
 Directory services
 Fixed operators provide directory service to their customers. This catalogue contains
information on all fixed line customers
 Currently mobile operators do not offer this kind of service and mobile numbers are
considered as personal data
 Handset availability
 Always a problem in the early stages of any telecommunications technology
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40. Conclusion
 FMC gives lots of possibilities but on the other hand it
means also new investments to operators
 Very complex networks
 Common standards have a great importance
 How much the end users are willing to pay for the
services?
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41. References:
 ITU-T Manuals
 Google
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42. Any Questions…………..
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43. THANK YOU
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